Django之入門 CMDB系統 (四) 增刪改查

Django之入門 CMDB系統 (四) 增刪改查

---

前言

作者: 何全，github地址: https://github.com/hequan2017 QQ交流羣: 620176501

通過此教程完成從零入門，能夠獨立編寫一個簡單的CMDB系統。

目前主流的方法開發方式，分爲2種：mvc 和 mvvc方式。本教程爲 mvc 方式，即 django負責渲染html。後面會推出 mvvc(前後端分離)的入門教程。

教程項目地址: https://github.com/hequan2017/husky/

教程文檔地址: https://github.com/hequan2017/husky/tree/master/doc

說明

• cbv 在視圖裏使用類處理請求 (下面採用這種方式，比較會抽象一點，但是會比較簡潔)
• fbv 在視圖裏使用函數處理請求

基礎設置

pycharm : 菜單欄 tools --> 選擇 run manage.py task

manage.py@husky > startapp asset ##創建 asset app

具體內容請看實際頁面，下面只是把重點代碼 進行展示。

• settings.py 增加系統配置

import sys
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    "asset",
]

• asset/modes.py

from django.db import models

class Ecs(models.Model):
    TYPE_CHOICES = (
        ('阿里雲', '阿里雲'),
        ('騰訊雲', '騰訊雲'),
        ('華爲雲', '華爲雲'),
        ('亞馬遜', '亞馬遜'),
        ('其他', '其他'),
        (None,None),
    )
    hostname = models.CharField(max_length=96, verbose_name='主機名', blank=True, null=True, )
    type = models.CharField(choices=TYPE_CHOICES, max_length=16, verbose_name='主機類型', blank=True, null=True, )
    instance_id = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name='實例ID', unique=True)
    instance_name = models.CharField(max_length=96, verbose_name='標籤', blank=True, null=True, )
    os_name = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name='系統版本', blank=True, null=True, )
    cpu = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='CPU', blank=True, null=True)
    memory = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='內存', blank=True, null=True)
    private_ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(verbose_name='內網IP', blank=True, null=True)
    public_ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(verbose_name='外網IP', blank=True, null=True)

    c_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, null=True, verbose_name='創建時間', blank=True)
    u_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, null=True, verbose_name='更新時間', blank=True)

    class Meta:
        db_table = "ecs"
        verbose_name = "主機"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.hostname

pycharm : 菜單欄 tools --> 選擇 run manage.py task

makemigrations 生成數據文件

migrate 根據文件，執行生成表結構

• asset/form.py

from django import forms
from asset.models import Ecs

class EcsForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Ecs
        fields = '__all__'

        widgets = {
            'type': forms.Select(
                attrs={'class': 'select2',
                       'data-placeholder': '----請選擇環境----'}),
        }

        help_texts = {
            'type': '* 請選擇 資產所在平臺.',

        }

    def clean_type(self):
        """
        自定義驗證
        :return:
        """
        type = self.cleaned_data['type']
        return type

• asset/admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from asset.models import Ecs

admin.site.register(Ecs)

• 自定義標籤處理
  • asset/templatetags/asset_filter.py

from django import template
from django.apps import apps
from asset.models import Ecs
register = template.Library()

@register.filter(name='ecs_model_choices')
def ecs_model_choices(model_name, choice_name):
    asset_app = apps.get_app_config('assets')
    return getattr(asset_app.get_model(model_name), choice_name)

@register.filter(name='ecs_type_choices')
def ecs_type_choices(value):
    return  Ecs.TYPE_CHOICES

---

增加

• asset/views.py

class EcsCreateView(LoginRequiredMixin, PermissionRequiredMixin, CreateView):
    """
    Ecs 創建
    """
    permission_required = ('asset.add_ecs',)
    model = Ecs
    form_class = EcsForm
    template_name = 'asset/ecs-create.html'
    success_url = reverse_lazy('asset:ecs-list')

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = {}
        if '__next__' in self.request.POST:  # 爲了獲取 點擊本頁之前的 瀏覽網頁
            context['i__next__'] = self.request.POST['__next__']
        else:
            try:
                context['i__next__'] = self.request.META['HTTP_REFERER']
            except Exception as e:
                logger.error(e)
        kwargs.update(context)
        return super().get_context_data(**kwargs)

    def get_success_url(self):
        return self.request.POST['__next__']

    def form_valid(self, form):  #  保存結果 可以進行 手動 修改 再保存
        obj = form.save(commit=False)
        obj.save()
        return super().form_valid(form)

    def form_invalid(self, form):
        print(form.errors)
        """If the form is invalid, render the invalid form."""
        return self.render_to_response(self.get_context_data(form=form))

• asset/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from asset import views

app_name = "asset"

urlpatterns = [
    path('ecs-create', views.EcsCreateView.as_view(), name='ecs-create')
]

• templates/base/_js.html

<script type="text/JavaScript">
    $.ajaxSetup({headers: {"X-CSRFToken": '{{ csrf_token }}'}});
</script>

<script>

    $(document).ready(function () {   
        $('.dataTables-example').DataTable({

            "oLanguage": {
                "sLengthMenu": "每頁顯示 _MENU_ 條記錄",
                "sZeroRecords": "對不起，查詢不到任何相關數據",
                "sInfo": "當前顯示 _START_ 到 _END_ 條，共 _TOTAL_條記錄",
                "sInfoEmtpy": "找不到相關數據",
                "sInfoFiltered": " 數據表中共爲 _MAX_ 條記錄",
                "sProcessing": "正在加載中...",
                "sSearch": "搜索",
                "oPaginate": {
                    "sFirst": "第一頁",
                    "sPrevious": " 上一頁 ",
                    "sNext": " 下一頁 ",
                    "sLast": " 最後一頁 "
                }
            },
             dom: '<"html5buttons"B>lTfgitp,',
            buttons: [ 'copy', 'csv', 'excel' ]
        });

        $('.dataTables-code').DataTable({

            "oLanguage": {
                "sLengthMenu": "每頁顯示 _MENU_ 條記錄",
                "sZeroRecords": "對不起，查詢不到任何相關數據",
                "sInfo": "當前顯示 _START_ 到 _END_ 條，共 _TOTAL_條記錄",
                "sInfoEmtpy": "找不到相關數據",
                "sInfoFiltered": " 數據表中共爲 _MAX_ 條記錄",
                "sProcessing": "正在加載中...",
                "sSearch": "搜索",
                "oPaginate": {
                    "sFirst": "第一頁",
                    "sPrevious": " 上一頁 ",
                    "sNext": " 下一頁 ",
                    "sLast": " 最後一頁 "
                }
            },
            bFilter: false,
            "order": [[1, 'desc']],
            "info": false,//是否顯示頁腳信息
            destroy: true,
            "ordering": false,
            dom: '<"html5buttons"B>lTfgitp,',
            buttons: [],
            lengthMenu: [[-1], ["全部"]],
            "paging": false, // 禁止分頁
        });

    });

    $(function () {
        $(".select2").select2();
    });

</script>

• templates/base/_nav.html

                <ul class="nav nav-second-level">
                    {% if perms.asset.add_ecs %}   權限判斷
                        <li class="ecs-create">
                            <a href="{% url "asset:ecs-create" %}">添加資產</a>    ## 頁面跳轉
                        </li>
                    {% endif %}
                       {% if perms.asset.view_ecs %}
                        <li class="ecs-list">
                            <a href="{% url "asset:ecs-list" %}">資產列表</a>
                        </li>
                    {% endif %}
                </ul>

• templates/asset/ecs-create.html

    <form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" class="form-horizontal" action="">
                        {% csrf_token %}
                        {% if form.non_field_errors %}
                            <div class="alert alert-danger" style="margin: 20px auto 0px">
                                {{ form.non_field_errors }}
                            </div>
                        {% endif %}

                        <div class="form-group">
                            <div class="col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-0">
                                <h3>基本</h3>
                                {% bootstrap_field form.hostname layout="horizontal" %}
                                {% bootstrap_field form.type layout="horizontal" %}
                                {% bootstrap_field form.instance_id layout="horizontal" %}
                                {% bootstrap_field form.instance_name layout="horizontal" %}
                                {% bootstrap_field form.os_name layout="horizontal" %}
                                {% bootstrap_field form.cpu layout="horizontal" %}
                                {% bootstrap_field form.memory layout="horizontal" %}
                                {% bootstrap_field form.private_ip layout="horizontal" %}
                                {% bootstrap_field form.public_ip layout="horizontal" %}
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <input type="hidden" name="__next__" value="{{ i__next__ }}">
                        <div class="hr-line-dashed"></div>

                        <div class="form-group">
                            <div class="col-sm-4 col-sm-offset-3">

                                {% bootstrap_button "保存" button_type="submit" button_class="btn-primary" %}

                                <a class="btn btn-white" href="{{ i__next__ }}">取消</a>

                            </div>
                        </div>

                    </form>

    {% block footer-js %}

        <script>         控制左側導航展開
            window.onload = function () {
                $(".asset").addClass("active");
                $(".ecs-create").addClass("active");
            }
        </script>

    {% endblock %}

列表

• asset/views.py

def get_list(function):
    """
    列表頁面  獲取 搜索
    :param function: self.model
    :return:
    """

    @wraps(function)
    def wrapped(self):
        # user = self.request.user
        # groups = [x['name'] for x in self.request.user.groups.values()]
        # request_type = self.request.method
        # model = str(self.model._meta).split(".")[1]

        filter_dict = {}
        not_list = ['page', 'order_by', 'csrfmiddlewaretoken']
        for k, v in dict(self.request.GET).items():
            if [i for i in v if i != ''] and (k not in not_list):
                if '__in' in k:
                    filter_dict[k] = v
                else:
                    filter_dict[k] = v[0]

        self.filter_dict = filter_dict
        self.queryset = self.model.objects.filter(**filter_dict).order_by('-id')
        order_by_val = self.request.GET.get('order_by', '')
        if order_by_val:
            self.queryset = self.queryset.order_by(order_by_val) if self.queryset else self.queryset
        result = function(self)
        return result

    return wrapped

class EcsListView(LoginRequiredMixin, PermissionRequiredMixin, ListView):
    permission_required = ('asset.view_ecs',)
    template_name = 'asset/ecs-list.html'
    model = Ecs
    queryset = Ecs.objects.get_queryset().order_by('-id')

    @get_list  ## 處理查詢
    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        try:
            page = self.request.GET.get('page', 1)
        except PageNotAnInteger as e:
            page = 1
        p = Paginator(self.queryset, getattr(settings, 'DISPLAY_PER_PAGE'), request=self.request)
        ecs_list = p.page(page)

        context = {
            "ecs_list": ecs_list,
            "filter_dict": self.filter_dict  # 把查詢條件返回給前端
        }

        kwargs.update(context)
        return super().get_context_data(**kwargs)

• asset/urls.py

path('ecs-list', views.EcsListView.as_view(), name='ecs-list'),

• templates.py/asset/ecs-list.html

   <div class="table-responsive">

        <form class="form-horizontal  "
              method="post">
            {% csrf_token %}
            <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover dataTables-code">
                <thead>
                <tr>

                    <th>主機名</th>
                    <th>主機類型</th>

                    <th>實例ID</th>
                    <th>標籤</th>
                    <th>系統版本</th>
                    <th>內網IP</th>

                    <th  {% if request.GET.order_by == "-c_time" %}
                        class="sort_asc_png" onclick="window.location.href='?order_by=c_time'"
                    {% elif request.GET.order_by == "c_time" %}
                        class="sort_desc_png"
                        onclick="window.location.href='?order_by=-c_time'"
                    {% else %}
                        class="sort_both_png" onclick="window.location.href='?order_by=c_time'"
                    {% endif %}>創建時間
                    </th>
                    <th>操作</th>
                </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                {% for   row   in   ecs_list.object_list %}

                    <tr class="gradeA" id="{{ row.id }}" name="{{ row.hostname }}">

                        <td class="center">
                            <div class="">{{ row.hostname }}</div>
                        </td>
                        <td class="center">
                            <div class="">{{ row.get_type_display }}</div>
                        </td>
                        <td class="center">
                            <div class="">{{ row.instance_id }}</div>
                        </td>
                        <td class="center">
                            <div class="">{{ row.instance_name }}</div>
                        </td>
                        <td class="center">
                            <div class="">{{ row.os_name }}</div>
                        </td>
                        <td class="center">
                            <div class="">{{ row.private_ip }}</div>
                        </td>
                        <td class="center">
                            <div class="">{{ row.c_time |  date:'Y-m-d' }}</div>
                        </td>
                        <td>
                      {% if perms.asset.view_ecs %}
                                <a class="btn btn-success  btn-xs "
                                   href="{% url  "asset:ecs-detail" pk=row.id %}">詳情</a>
                            {% endif %}
                            {% if perms.asset.change_ecs %}
                                <a class="btn btn-primary  btn-xs "
                                   href="{% url  "asset:ecs-update" pk=row.id %}">編輯</a>
                            {% endif %}
                            {% if perms.asset.delete_ecs %}
                                <a class="btn btn-danger  btn-xs ecs-delete"
                                   href="#">刪除</a>
                            {% endif %}
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                {% endfor %}
                </tbody>

            </table>

                         <div style="text-align:center;">

                <nav class="pagination">
                    <li><a href="{% url "asset:ecs-list" %}?page=1">首頁 </a></li>

                    {% if ecs_list.has_previous %}
                        <li class="long"><a
                                href="?{{ ecs_list.previous_page_number.querystring }}">上一頁</a>
                        </li>
                    {% endif %}

                    {% for page in ecs_list.pages %}
                        {% if page %}
                            {% ifequal page ecs_list.number %}
                                <li class="active"  ><a style="background-color: #E0E0E0" href="?{{ page.querystring }}">{{ page }}</a>
                                </li>
                            {% else %}
                                <li><a href="?{{ page.querystring }}" class="page">{{ page }}</a>
                                </li>
                            {% endifequal %}
                        {% else %}
                            <li class="none"><a href="">...</a></li>
                        {% endif %}
                    {% endfor %}
                    {% if ecs_list.has_next %}
                        <li class="long"><a
                                href="?{{ ecs_list.next_page_number.querystring }}">下一頁</a>
                        </li>
                    {% endif %}
                    <li>
                        <a href="{% url "asset:ecs-list" %}?page={{ ecs_list.paginator.num_pages }}">尾頁 </a>
                    </li>
                    <li><span
                            style="color: #0a0a0a">總:  {{ ecs_list.paginator.num_pages }} 頁</span>
                    </li>
                    <li><span
                            style="color: #0a0a0a"> 數量: {{ ecs_list.paginator.count  }}</span>
                    </li>
                </nav>
            </div>

        </form>

                        </div>

 {% block footer-js %}

        <script>
            window.onload = function () {   // 固定左邊導航欄
                $(".asset").addClass("active");
                $(".ecs-list").addClass("active");
            };

            var filter_dict = {{ filter_dict | safe}};   // 搜索完之後，還能保存搜索項目
            $("#hostname").val(filter_dict['hostname__icontains']);
            $("#type").val(filter_dict['type']);

        </script>

更新

• asset/views.py

class EcsUpdateView(LoginRequiredMixin, PermissionRequiredMixin, UpdateView):

    permission_required = ('asset.change_ecs',)
    model = Ecs
    form_class = EcsForm
    template_name = 'asset/ecs-create.html'
    success_url = reverse_lazy('asset:ecs-list')

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = {}
        if '__next__' in self.request.POST:  # 爲了獲取 點擊本頁之前的 瀏覽網頁
            context['i__next__'] = self.request.POST['__next__']
        else:
            try:
                context['i__next__'] = self.request.META['HTTP_REFERER']
            except Exception as e:
                logger.error(e)
        kwargs.update(context)
        return super().get_context_data(**kwargs)

    def get_success_url(self):
        return self.request.POST['__next__']

• asset/urls.py

    path('ecs-update-<int:pk>', views.EcsUpdateView.as_view(), name='ecs-update'),

• templates.py/asset/ecs-create.html 創建頁面 同時也當更新頁面

     {% if perms.asset.change_ecs %}
        <a class="btn btn-primary  btn-xs "
           href="{% url  "asset:ecs-update" pk=row.id %}">編輯</a>
    {% endif %}

---

刪除

• asset/views.py

class EcsDeleteView(LoginRequiredMixin, PermissionRequiredMixin, View):

    permission_required = ('asset.delete_ecs',)
    model = Ecs

    def post(self, request):
        ret = {'status': True, 'error': None, }
        nid = self.request.POST.get('nid', None)
        self.model.objects.get(id=nid).delete()
        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))

• asset/urls.py

path('ecs-delete', views.EcsDeleteView.as_view(), name='ecs-delete'),

templates.py/asset/ecs-list.html

 {% if perms.asset.delete_ecs %}
 <a class="btn btn-danger  btn-xs ecs-delete"  href="#">刪除</a>
  {% endif %}

   $(function () {

                $(document).on('click', '.ecs-delete', function () {
                    var id = $(this).parent().parent().attr('id');
                    var name = $(this).parent().parent().attr('name');
                    swal({
                        title: "你確定刪除",
                        text: name,
                        type: "warning",
                        showCancelButton: true,
                        confirmButtonColor: "#DD6B55",
                        confirmButtonText: "確定",
                        cancelButtonText: "取消",
                        closeOnConfirm: false
                    }, function () {
                        $.ajax({
                            url: "{% url 'asset:ecs-delete' %}",
                            type: 'POST',
                            data: {'nid': id},
                            success: function (data) {
                                var obj = JSON.parse(data);
                                if (obj.status) {
                                    swal({title: "刪除", text: "已成功刪除", type: "success"}, function () {
                                        window.location.reload();
                                    })
                                } else {
                                    swal("錯誤", "刪除" + "[ " + obj.error + " ]" + "遇到錯誤", "error");
                                }
                            }
                        });
                    });

                });

            });

詳情

• asset/views.py

class EcsDetailView(LoginRequiredMixin, PermissionRequiredMixin, DetailView):
    permission_required = ('asset.view_ecs',)
    model = Ecs
    form_class = EcsForm
    template_name = 'asset/ecs-detail.html'
    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        pk = self.kwargs.get(self.pk_url_kwarg, None)
        context = {
            "ecs": self.model.objects.get(id=pk),
            "nid": pk
        }
        kwargs.update(context)
        return super().get_context_data(**kwargs)

• asset/urls.py

path('ecs-detail-<int:pk>', views.EcsDetailView.as_view(), name='ecs-detail'),

• templates.py/asset/ecs-list.html

    <table class="table">
        <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td style=" border-top: none !important;" width="20%">主機類型:</td>
            <td style=" border-top: none !important;"><b>{{ ecs.get_type_display }}</b>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td width="20%">實例ID:</td>
            <td><b>{{ ecs.instance_id }}</b>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td width="20%">標籤:</td>
            <td><b>{{ ecs.instance_name }}</b>
            </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td width="20%">系統版本:</td>
            <td><b>{{ ecs.os_name }}</b>
            </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td width="20%">CPU:</td>
            <td><b>{{ ecs.cpu }}</b>
            </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
            <td width="20%">內存:</td>
            <td><b>{{ ecs.memory }}</b>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td width="20%">內網IP:</td>
            <td><b>{{ ecs.private_ip }}</b>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td width="20%">外網IP:</td>
            <td><b>{{ ecs.public_ip }}</b>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td width="20%">創建時間:</td>
            <td><b>{{ ecs.c_time }}</b>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td width="20%">更新時間:</td>
            <td><b>{{ ecs.u_time }}</b>
            </td>
        </tr>

        </tbody>
    </table>