AbstractList modCount

/**
     * The number of times this list has been <i>structurally modified</i>.
     * Structural modifications are those that change the size of the
     * list, or otherwise perturb it in such a fashion that iterations in
     * progress may yield incorrect results.
     *
     * <p>This field is used by the iterator and list iterator implementation
     * returned by the {@code iterator} and {@code listIterator} methods.
     * If the value of this field changes unexpectedly, the iterator (or list
     * iterator) will throw a {@code ConcurrentModificationException} in
     * response to the {@code next}, {@code remove}, {@code previous},
     * {@code set} or {@code add} operations.  This provides
     * <i>fail-fast</i> behavior, rather than non-deterministic behavior in
     * the face of concurrent modification during iteration.
     *
     * <p><b>Use of this field by subclasses is optional.</b> If a subclass
     * wishes to provide fail-fast iterators (and list iterators), then it
     * merely has to increment this field in its {@code add(int, E)} and
     * {@code remove(int)} methods (and any other methods that it overrides
     * that result in structural modifications to the list).  A single call to
     * {@code add(int, E)} or {@code remove(int)} must add no more than
     * one to this field, or the iterators (and list iterators) will throw
     * bogus {@code ConcurrentModificationExceptions}.  If an implementation
     * does not wish to provide fail-fast iterators, this field may be
     * ignored.
     */
    protected transient int modCount = 0;

 

      在父類AbstractList中定義了一個int型的屬性:modCount,記錄了ArrayList結構性變化的次數。

protected transient int modCount = 0;

  在ArrayList的所有涉及結構變化的方法中都增加modCount的值,包括:add()、remove()、addAll()、removeRange()及clear()方法。這些方法每調用一次,modCount的值就加1。

  注:add()及addAll()方法的modCount的值是在其中調用的ensureCapacity()方法中增加的。

  AbstractList中的iterator()方法(ArrayList直接繼承了這個方法)使用了一個私有內部成員類Itr,生成一個Itr對象(Iterator接口)返回:

public Iterator iterator() { return new Itr(); }

  Itr實現了Iterator()接口,其中也定義了一個int型的屬性:expectedModCount,這個屬性在Itr類初始化時被賦予ArrayList對象的modCount屬性的值。

int expectedModCount = modCount;

  注:內部成員類Itr也是ArrayList類的一個成員,它可以訪問所有的AbstractList的屬性和方法。理解了這一點,Itr類的實現就容易理解了。

  在Itr.hasNext()方法中:

public boolean hasNext() { return cursor != size(); }

  調用了AbstractList的size()方法,比較當前光標位置是否越界。

  在Itr.next()方法中,Itr也調用了定義在AbstractList中的get(int)方法,返回當前光標處的元素:

public Object next()
{
 try
 {
  Object next = get(cursor);
  checkForComodification();
  lastRet = cursor++;
  return next;
 }
 catch(IndexOutOfBoundsException e)
 {
  checkForComodification();
  throw new NoSuchElementException();
 }
}

 注意,在next()方法中調用了checkForComodification()方法,進行對修改的同步檢查:

final void checkForComodification()
{
 if (modCount != expectedModCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); }

 現在對modCount和expectedModCount的作用應該非常清楚了。在對一個集合對象進行跌代操作的同時,並不限制對集合對象的元素進行操 作,這些操作包括一些可能引起跌代錯誤的add()或remove()等危險操作。在AbstractList中,使用了一個簡單的機制來規避這些風險。 這就是modCount和expectedModCount的作用所在。

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