目标：在主库不停机的情况下搭建active standby 数据库
环境说明：
数据库版本：Release 11.2.0.4.0
操作系统 ：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.5 (Tikanga)
Primary db_unique_name : hjprddb1
standby db_unique_name : hjprddb2
解决方案
1.对主数据库进行必要的更改。
a. 启用 force logging。
b. 如果没有密码文件，则创建密码文件。
c. 创建备用 redo 日志。
d. 修改参数文件，使其适用于 Dataguard。
2. 确保 sql*net 连接正常。
3. 使用主数据库活动文件，通过网络创建备用数据库。
a. 创建密码文件
b. 为备用数据库（辅助数据库）创建初始化参数文件
c. 为数据库文件创建需要的装载点或文件夹
d. 连接至主数据库作为其目标数据库，以运行创建备用 ON STANDBY。
DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE
FOR STANDBY
FROM ACTIVE DATABASE
SPFILE
PARAMETER_VALUE_CONVERT '', ''
SET DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT '', ''
SET LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT '', ''
SET SGA_MAX_SIZE 200M
SET SGA_TARGET 125M;
4. 检查日志传送和应用。
操作过程：
1. 为生产数据库成为主数据库做准备
a. 确保数据库是 archivelog 模式。
SQL> select log_mode from v$database;
LOG_MODE
------------
ARCHIVELOG
b. 启用 force logging
SQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;
c. 创建备用 redo 日志
SQL> alter database add standby logfile '<name>' size <size>;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 4 ('/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb1/redo01_a.log') size 50m ;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 ('/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb1/redo02_a.log') size 50m ;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 6 ('/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb1/redo03_a.log') size 50m ;
Database altered.
d. 修改主要初始化参数，使其适用于主数据库的 dataguard
SQL> alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(hjprddb1,hjprddb2)';
System altered.
SQL> alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb1 VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=hjprddb1';
System altered.
SQL> alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=hjprddb2 LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=hjprddb2';
System altered.
SQL> alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set FAL_SERVER=hjprddb2;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set FAL_CLIENT=hjprddb1;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2','/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb1' scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2','/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb1' scope=spfile;
System altered.
2. 确保 sql*net 连接正常。
在备库的 listener.ora 文件中插入 hjprddb2 的静态条目。
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =hjprddb2.com.cn )(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/app/oracle
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER=ON # line added by Agent
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = hjprddb2.com.cn )
(ORACLE_HOME = /opt/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 )
(SID_NAME = hjprddb2)
)
)
主库和备库的 TNSNAMES.ORA 应该有两个条目
hjprddb1=
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.236.128)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(service_name =hjprddb1)
)
)
hjprddb2=
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.236.129)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(service_name = hjprddb2.com.cn )
)
)
在主数据库和备用数据库中使用以下命令，检查 SQL*Net 配置
% tnsping hjprddb1
% tnsping hjprddb2
3. 创建备用数据库
a. 从主数据库 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs 中复制密码文件，并将其重命名为备用数据库名称。
用户名必须为 SYS 且主数据库和备用数据库的密码需相同。
此处的最佳做法是按照建议复制密码文件。
密码文件名称必须和备用站点上使用的实例名称/SID 匹配，而非 DB_NAME。
b. 仅用一个参数 DB_NAME 创建初始化参数。
DB_NAME=chicago
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=boston
DB_BLOCK_SIZE=<same as primary>
c. 在备库创建需要的目录以放置 $ADR_HOME 中的数据文件和跟踪文件。
d. 将环境变量 ORACLE_SID 设置为备用服务并启动备用实例。
% export ORACLE_SID=boston
% sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
SQL> startup nomount pfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initcore1.ora注意：使用 PFILE 或 SPFILE
# 附加注释
# 如果使用了 DUPLICATE without TARGET connection，则不能使用 SPFILE
# 否则将得到以下错误消息
RMAN-05537: DUPLICATE without TARGET connection when auxiliary instance is started with spfile cannot use SPFILE clause
e. 验证“AS SYSDBA”连接正在运行
% sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect sys/<passwd<@boston AS SYSDBA
connect sys/<passwd>@chicago AS SYSDBA
f. 在主系统上执行RMAN 并连接主数据库和辅助数据库（即备用数据库）
[oracle@hjprddb1 ~]$ rman target
sys/oracle@hjprddb1 auxiliary
sys/oracle@hjprddb2
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Dec 28 22:34:31 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: HJPRDDB1 (DBID=3777025748)
connected to auxiliary database: HJPRDDB2 (not mounted)
RMAN> run {
2> allocate channel prmy1 type disk;
3> allocate channel prmy2 type disk;
4> allocate channel prmy3 type disk;
5> allocate channel prmy4 type disk;
6> allocate auxiliary channel stby type disk;
7>
8> duplicate target database for standby from active database spfile
9> parameter_value_convert 'hjprddb1','hjprddb2'
10> set db_unique_name='hjprddb2'
11> set db_file_name_convert='/hjprddb1/','/hjprddb2/'
12> set log_file_name_convert='/hjprddb1/','/hjprddb2/'
13> set control_files='/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/control01.ctl' ---该路径为备库上控制文件的存放路径
14> set log_archive_max_processes='5'
15> set fal_client='hjprddb2'
16> set fal_server='hjprddb1'
17> set standby_file_management='AUTO'
18> set log_archive_config='dg_config=(hjprddb1,hjprddb2)'
19> set log_archive_dest_2='service=hjprddb1 ASYNC valid_for=(ONLINE_LOGFILE,PRIMARY_ROLE) db_unique_name=hjprddb1' ;
20> }
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: prmy1
channel prmy1: SID=1 device type=DISK
allocated channel: prmy2
channel prmy2: SID=47 device type=DISK
allocated channel: prmy3
channel prmy3: SID=32 device type=DISK
allocated channel: prmy4
channel prmy4: SID=43 device type=DISK
allocated channel: stby
channel stby: SID=20 device type=DISK
Starting Duplicate Db at 28-DEC-13
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
targetfile '/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwhjprddb1' auxiliary format
'/opt/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwhjprddb2' targetfile
'/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfilehjprddb1.ora' auxiliary format
'/opt/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfilehjprddb2.ora' ;
sql clone "alter system set spfile= ''/opt/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfilehjprddb2.ora''";
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 28-DEC-13
Finished backup at 28-DEC-13
sql statement: alter system set spfile= ''/opt/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfilehjprddb2.ora''
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "alter system set audit_file_dest =
''/opt/app/oracle/admin/hjprddb2/adump'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set dispatchers =
''(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=hjprddb2XDB)'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set log_archive_dest_1 =
''LOCATION=/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2 VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=hjprddb1'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set db_unique_name =
''hjprddb2'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set db_file_name_convert =
''/hjprddb1/'', ''/hjprddb2/'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set log_file_name_convert =
''/hjprddb1/'', ''/hjprddb2/'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set control_files =
''/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/control01.ctl'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set log_archive_max_processes =
5 comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set fal_client =
''hjprddb2'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set fal_server =
''hjprddb1'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set standby_file_management =
''AUTO'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set log_archive_config =
''dg_config=(hjprddb1,hjprddb2)'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set log_archive_dest_2 =
''service=hjprddb1 ASYNC valid_for=(ONLINE_LOGFILE,PRIMARY_ROLE) db_unique_name=hjprddb1'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set audit_file_dest = ''/opt/app/oracle/admin/hjprddb2/adump'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set dispatchers = ''(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=hjprddb2XDB)'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set log_archive_dest_1 = ''LOCATION=/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2 VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=hjprddb1'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set db_unique_name = ''hjprddb2'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set db_file_name_convert = ''/hjprddb1/'', ''/hjprddb2/'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set log_file_name_convert = ''/hjprddb1/'', ''/hjprddb2/'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set control_files = ''/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/control01.ctl'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set log_archive_max_processes = 5 comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set fal_client = ''hjprddb2'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set fal_server = ''hjprddb1'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set standby_file_management = ''AUTO'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set log_archive_config = ''dg_config=(hjprddb1,hjprddb2)'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set log_archive_dest_2 = ''service=hjprddb1 ASYNC valid_for=(ONLINE_LOGFILE,PRIMARY_ROLE) db_unique_name=hjprddb1'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 551165952 bytes
Fixed Size 2255112 bytes
Variable Size 436209400 bytes
Database Buffers 109051904 bytes
Redo Buffers 3649536 bytes
allocated channel: stby
channel stby: SID=18 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/control01.ctl';
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 28-DEC-13
channel prmy1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_hjprddb1.f tag=TAG20131228T223457 RECID=1 STAMP=835396499
channel prmy1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 28-DEC-13
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/temp01.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/users01.dbf";
backup as copy reuse
datafile 1 auxiliary format
"/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/system01.dbf" datafile
2 auxiliary format
"/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/sysaux01.dbf" datafile
3 auxiliary format
"/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/undotbs01.dbf" datafile
4 auxiliary format
"/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/users01.dbf" ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/temp01.dbf in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 28-DEC-13
channel prmy1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb1/system01.dbf
channel prmy2: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb1/sysaux01.dbf
channel prmy3: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb1/undotbs01.dbf
channel prmy4: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb1/users01.dbf
output file name=/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/users01.dbf tag=TAG20131228T223511
channel prmy4: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:19
output file name=/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20131228T223511
channel prmy3: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:07:46
output file name=/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20131228T223511
channel prmy2: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:13:56
output file name=/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/system01.dbf tag=TAG20131228T223511
channel prmy1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:14:26
Finished backup at 28-DEC-13
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=835397373 file name=/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=835397373 file name=/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=835397373 file name=/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=835397373 file name=/opt/app/oracle/hjprddb2/users01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 28-DEC-13
released channel: prmy1
released channel: prmy2
released channel: prmy3
released channel: prmy4
released channel: stby
RMAN> exit
4. 现在连接备用数据库 sqlplus 并启动 MRP（管理恢复进程）。比较主数据库的最新序列和 MRP（管理恢复进程）的应用序列。
示例：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
5. 如果您是购买了ADG 许可证的客户可以用只读模式打开 DB 并启动恢复。
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;
参考metalink文档 ID 1526160.1)
