Android Http請求方法彙總

原創 黑桃King与七 2020-02-20 16:18

轉自：http://codingnow.cn/android/723.html


這篇文章主要實現了在Android中使用JDK的HttpURLConnection和Apache的HttpClient訪問網絡資源，服務端採用python+flask編寫，使用Servlet太麻煩了。關於Http協議的相關知識，可以在網上查看相關資料。代碼比較簡單，就不詳細解釋了。

1. 使用JDK中HttpURLConnection訪問網絡資源

(1)get請求

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public String executeHttpGet() {
        String result = null;
        URL url = null;
        HttpURLConnection connection = null;
        InputStreamReader in = null;
        try {
            url = new URL("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou");
            connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            in = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream());
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(in);
            StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer();
            String line = null;
            while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                strBuffer.append(line);
            }
            result = strBuffer.toString();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (connection != null) {
                connection.disconnect();
            }
            if (in != null) {
                try {
                    in.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
 
        }
        return result;
    }

注意：因爲是通過android模擬器訪問本地pc服務端，所以不能使用localhost和127.0.0.1，使用127.0.0.1會訪問模擬器自身。Android系統爲實現通信將PC的IP設置爲10.0.2.2

(2)post請求

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public String executeHttpPost() {
        String result = null;
        URL url = null;
        HttpURLConnection connection = null;
        InputStreamReader in = null;
        try {
            url = new URL("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/");
            connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            connection.setDoInput(true);
            connection.setDoOutput(true);
            connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "utf-8");
            DataOutputStream dop = new DataOutputStream(
                    connection.getOutputStream());
            dop.writeBytes("token=alexzhou");
            dop.flush();
            dop.close();
 
            in = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream());
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(in);
            StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer();
            String line = null;
            while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                strBuffer.append(line);
            }
            result = strBuffer.toString();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (connection != null) {
                connection.disconnect();
            }
            if (in != null) {
                try {
                    in.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
 
        }
        return result;
    }

如果參數中有中文的話，可以使用下面的方式進行編碼解碼：

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URLEncoder.encode("測試","utf-8")
URLDecoder.decode("測試","utf-8");

2.使用Apache的HttpClient訪問網絡資源
(1)get請求

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public String executeGet() {
        String result = null;
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        try {
            HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
            HttpGet request = new HttpGet();
            request.setURI(new URI(
                    "http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/get/?token=alexzhou"));
            HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response
                    .getEntity().getContent()));
 
            StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer("");
            String line = null;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                strBuffer.append(line);
            }
            result = strBuffer.toString();
 
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (reader != null) {
                try {
                    reader.close();
                    reader = null;
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
 
        return result;
    }

（2）post請求

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public String executePost() {
        String result = null;
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        try {
            HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
            HttpPost request = new HttpPost();
            request.setURI(new URI("http://10.0.2.2:8888/data/post/"));
            List<NameValuePair> postParameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
            postParameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("token", "alexzhou"));
            UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(
                    postParameters);
            request.setEntity(formEntity);
 
            HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response
                    .getEntity().getContent()));
 
            StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer("");
            String line = null;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                strBuffer.append(line);
            }
            result = strBuffer.toString();
 
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (reader != null) {
                try {
                    reader.close();
                    reader = null;
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
 
        return result;
    }

3.服務端代碼實現
上面是採用兩種方式的get和post請求的代碼，下面來實現服務端的代碼編寫，使用python+flask真的非常的簡單，就一個文件，前提是你得搭建好python+flask的環境，代碼如下：

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#coding=utf-8
 
import json
from flask import Flask,request,render_template
 
app = Flask(__name__)
 
def send_ok_json(data=None):
    if not data:
        data = {}
    ok_json = {'ok':True,'reason':'','data':data}
    return json.dumps(ok_json)
 
@app.route('/data/get/',methods=['GET'])
def data_get():
    token = request.args.get('token')
    ret = '%s**%s' %(token,'get')
    return send_ok_json(ret)
 
@app.route('/data/post/',methods=['POST'])
def data_post():
    token = request.form.get('token')
    ret = '%s**%s' %(token,'post')
    return send_ok_json(ret)
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host="localhost",port=8888,debug=True)

運行服務器，如圖：

4. 編寫單元測試代碼
右擊項目：new–》Source Folder取名tests，包名是：com.alexzhou.androidhttp.test（隨便取，沒有要求），結構如圖：


在該包下創建測試類HttpTest，繼承自AndroidTestCase。編寫這四種方式的測試方法，代碼如下:

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public class HttpTest extends AndroidTestCase {
 
    @Override
    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
        Log.e("HttpTest", "setUp");
    }
 
    @Override
    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
        Log.e("HttpTest", "tearDown");
    }
 
    public void testExecuteGet() {
        Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteGet");
        HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();
        String result = client.executeGet();
        Log.e("HttpTest", result);
    }
 
    public void testExecutePost() {
        Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecutePost");
        HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();
        String result = client.executePost();
        Log.e("HttpTest", result);
    }
 
    public void testExecuteHttpGet() {
        Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteHttpGet");
        HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();
        String result = client.executeHttpGet();
        Log.e("HttpTest", result);
    }
 
    public void testExecuteHttpPost() {
        Log.e("HttpTest", "testExecuteHttpPost");
        HttpClientTest client = HttpClientTest.getInstance();
        String result = client.executeHttpPost();
        Log.e("HttpTest", result);
    }
}

附上HttpClientTest.java的其他代碼：

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public class HttpClientTest {
 
    private static final Object mSyncObject = new Object();
    private static HttpClientTest mInstance;
 
    private HttpClientTest() {
 
    }
 
    public static HttpClientTest getInstance() {
        synchronized (mSyncObject) {
            if (mInstance != null) {
                return mInstance;
            }
            mInstance = new HttpClientTest();
        }
        return mInstance;
    }
 
  /**...上面的四個方法...*/
}

現在還需要修改Android項目的配置文件AndroidManifest.xml，添加網絡訪問權限和單元測試的配置，AndroidManifest.xml配置文件的全部代碼如下：

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<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.alexzhou.androidhttp"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >
 
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
 
    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="8"
        android:targetSdkVersion="15" />
 
    <application
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
 
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/title_activity_main" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
 
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>
 
    <instrumentation
        android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"
        android:targetPackage="com.alexzhou.androidhttp" />
 
</manifest>

注意：
android:name=”android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner”這部分不用更改
android:targetPackage=”com.alexzhou.androidhttp”，填寫應用程序的包名

5.測試結果
展開測試類HttpTest，依次選中這四個測試方法，右擊：Run As–》Android Junit Test。
(1)運行testExecuteHttpGet，結果如圖：
(2)運行testExecuteHttpPost，結果如圖：
(3)運行testExecuteGet，結果如圖：
(4)運行testExecutePost，結果如圖：

版權屬於: Alex's Blog

原文地址: http://codingnow.cn/android/723.html

轉載時必須以鏈接形式註明原始出處及本聲明。


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