徹底明白Android中AIDL及其使用

1、爲什麼要有AIDL?

無論學什麼東西,最先得弄明白爲什麼要有這個東西,不要說存在即是合理,存在肯定合理,但是你還是沒有明白。對於AIDL有一些人的淺顯概念就是,AIDL可以跨進程訪問其他應用程序,和其他應用程序通訊,那我告訴你,很多技術都可以訪問,如廣播(應用A在AndroidManifest.xml中註冊指定Action的廣播)應用B發送指定Action的廣播,A就能收到信息,這樣也能看成不同應用之間完成了通訊(但是這種通訊是單向的);還如ContentProvider,通過URI接口暴露數據給其他應用訪問;但是這種都算不上是應用之間的通訊。可能最讓人迷惑的是Android推出來了Messager,它就是完成應用之間的通訊的。那麼爲什麼還要有AIDL呢,官方文檔介紹AIDL中有這麼一句話:
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Note: Using AIDL is necessary only if you allow clients from different applications to access your service for IPC and want to handle multithreading in your service. If you do not need to perform concurrent IPC across different applications, you should create your interface by implementing a Binder or, if you want to perform IPC, but do not need to handle multithreading, implement your interface using a Messenger. Regardless, be sure that you understand Bound Services before implementing an AIDL.
第一句最重要,“只有當你允許來自不同的客戶端訪問你的服務並且需要處理多線程問題時你才必須使用AIDL”,其他情況下你都可以選擇其他方法,如使用Messager,也能跨進程通訊。可見AIDL是處理多線程、多客戶端併發訪問的。而Messager是單線程處理。還是官方文檔說的明白,一句話就可以理解爲什麼要有AIDL。那麼是不是這樣的寫個AIDL試試。

2、AIDL使用

第一、定義AIDL文件
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// IRemoteService.aidl
package com.example.android;
 
// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
 
/** Example service interface */
interface IRemoteService {
    /** Request the process ID of this service, to do evil things with it. */
    int getPid();
 
    /** Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
     * and return values in AIDL.
     */
    void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat,
            double aDouble, String aString);
}
這段代碼也是官方文檔的。命名爲IRemoteService.aidl,放在com.example.android包下(這個可以隨意),保存後Android編譯器會在gen目錄下自動生成IRemoteService.java文件第二、定義我們的服務,DDService.java,並且需要在AndroidManifest.xml中註冊,並添加“duanqing.test.aidl” 的ACTION
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package com.example.service;
 
import com.example.android.IRemoteService;
 
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Process;
 
public class DDService extends Service {
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        System.out.println("DDService onCreate........" + "Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
        System.out.println("DDService onBind");
        return mBinder;
    }
 
    private final IRemoteService.Stub mBinder = new IRemoteService.Stub() {
        public int getPid(){
            System.out.println("Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("DDService getPid ");
            return Process.myPid();
        }
        public void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean,
            float aFloat, double aDouble, String aString) {
            System.out.println("Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("basicTypes aDouble: " + aDouble +" anInt: " + anInt+" aBoolean " + aBoolean+" aString " + aString);
        }
    };
 
}

這樣我們的服務端就完成了,把服務端運行到模擬器(或者手機上),等一會可以看一下打印信息,重點看“線程名”
第三、實現客戶端測試代碼新建另一個工程,同樣需要添加AIDL協議文件(這是一個標準的協議文件,定義對外服務),這裏我列出來我的測試代碼:
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package com.example.aidlclient;
 
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Process;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.view.View;
 
import com.example.android.IRemoteService;
 
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private IRemoteService remoteService;
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }
     
    ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
         
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
        }
         
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            remoteService = IRemoteService.Stub.asInterface(service);
            try {
                int pid = remoteService.getPid();
                int currentPid = Process.myPid();
                System.out.println("currentPID: " + currentPid +"  remotePID: " + pid);
                remoteService.basicTypes(12, 1223, true, 12.2f, 12.3, "我們的愛,我明白");
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("bind success! " + remoteService.toString());
        }
    };
         
    /**
     * 監聽按鈕點擊
     * @param view
     */
    public void buttonClick(View view) {
        System.out.println("begin bindService");
        Intent intent = new Intent("duanqing.test.aidl");
        bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }
 
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unbindService(conn);
    }
}

4、執行點擊客戶端按鈕,執行,看打印信息:

看服務端打印,DDService onCreate..........Thread: main,主線程,當客戶端調用服務端getPid方法時,服務端是在Thread: Binder2中執行,當客戶端調用服務端basicType方法時,服務端是在Thread:Binder1中執行
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