使用Executors創建和管理線程

轉自: [url]http://blog.csdn.net/liuzhengkang/archive/2008/10/24/3137340.aspx[/url]
1. 類 Executors
此類中提供的一些方法有：
1.1 public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool()
創建一個可根據需要創建新線程的線程池，但是在以前構造的線程可用時將重用它們。對於執行很多短期異步任務的程序而言，這些線程池通常可提高程序性能。

1.2 public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads)
創建一個可重用固定線程數的線程池，以共享的無界隊列方式來運行這些線程。

1.3 public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor()
創建一個使用單個 worker 線程的 Executor，以無界隊列方式來運行該線程。

這三個方法都可以配合接口ThreadFactory的實例一起使用。並且返回一個ExecutorService接口的實例。
2. 接口 ThreadFactory
根據需要創建新線程的對象。使用線程工廠就無需再手工編寫對 new Thread 的調用了，從而允許應用程序使用特殊的線程子類、屬性等等。
此接口最簡單的實現就是：

class SimpleThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
   public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
     return new Thread(r);
   }
 }

3. 接口ExecutorService
該接口提供了管理終止的方法。
4.創建標準線程池啓動線程
4.1 提供一個簡單的實現Runnable接口的線程
MyThread.java

package com.zj.concurrency.executors;

public class MyThread implements Runnable {
    private int count = 1, number;

    public MyThread(int num) {
       number = num;
       System.out.println("Create Thread-" + number);
    }

    public void run() {
       while (true) {
           System.out.println("Thread-" + number + " run " + count+" time(s)");
           if (++count == 3)
              return;
       }
    }
}

這個線程會打印出相應的創建和執行信息。

4.2使用CachedThreadPool啓動線程
CachedThreadPool.java

package com.zj.concurrency.executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class CachedThreadPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
       for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
           exec.execute(new MyThread(i));
       exec.shutdown();
    }
}

結果：
Create Thread-0
Create Thread-1
Create Thread-2
Create Thread-3
Thread-0 run 1 time(s)
Thread-0 run 2 time(s)
Thread-1 run 1 time(s)
Thread-1 run 2 time(s)
Thread-2 run 1 time(s)
Thread-2 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-4
Thread-4 run 1 time(s)
Thread-4 run 2 time(s)
Thread-3 run 1 time(s)
Thread-3 run 2 time(s)

4.3 使用FixedThreadPool啓動線程
FixedThreadPool.java

package com.zj.concurrency.executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class FixedThreadPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
       for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
           exec.execute(new MyThread(i));
       exec.shutdown();
    }
}

結果：
Create Thread-0
Create Thread-1
Create Thread-2
Create Thread-3
Create Thread-4
Thread-0 run 1 time(s)
Thread-0 run 2 time(s)
Thread-2 run 1 time(s)
Thread-2 run 2 time(s)
Thread-3 run 1 time(s)
Thread-3 run 2 time(s)
Thread-4 run 1 time(s)
Thread-4 run 2 time(s)
Thread-1 run 1 time(s)
Thread-1 run 2 time(s)

4.4 使用SingleThreadExecutor啓動線程
SingleThreadExecutor.java

package com.zj.concurrency.executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class SingleThreadExecutor {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       ExecutorService exec = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
       for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
           exec.execute(new MyThread(i));
       exec.shutdown();
    }
}

結果：
Create Thread-0
Create Thread-1
Create Thread-2
Create Thread-3
Create Thread-4
Thread-0 run 1 time(s)
Thread-0 run 2 time(s)
Thread-1 run 1 time(s)
Thread-1 run 2 time(s)
Thread-2 run 1 time(s)
Thread-2 run 2 time(s)
Thread-3 run 1 time(s)
Thread-3 run 2 time(s)
Thread-4 run 1 time(s)
Thread-4 run 2 time(s)
5.配合ThreadFactory接口的使用
我們試圖給線程加入daemon和priority的屬性設置。
5.1設置後臺線程屬性
DaemonThreadFactory.java

package com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;

public class DaemonThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
    public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
       Thread t = new Thread(r);
       t.setDaemon(true);
       return t;
    }
}

5.2 設置優先級屬性
最高優先級MaxPriorityThreadFactory.java

package com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;

public class MaxPriorityThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
    public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
       Thread t = new Thread(r);
       t.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
       return t;
    }
}

最低優先級MinPriorityThreadFactory.java

package com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;

public class MinPriorityThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
    public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
       Thread t = new Thread(r);
       t.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
       return t;
    }
}

5.3啓動帶有屬性設置的線程
ExecFromFactory.java

package com.zj.concurrency.executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory.DaemonThreadFactory;
import com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory.MaxPriorityThreadFactory;
import com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory.MinPriorityThreadFactory;

public class ExecFromFactory {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
       ExecutorService defaultExec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
       ExecutorService daemonExec = Executors
              .newCachedThreadPool(new DaemonThreadFactory());
       ExecutorService maxPriorityExec = Executors
              .newCachedThreadPool(new MaxPriorityThreadFactory());
       ExecutorService minPriorityExec = Executors
              .newCachedThreadPool(new MinPriorityThreadFactory());
       for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
           daemonExec.execute(new MyThread(i));
       for (int i = 10; i < 20; i++)
           if (i == 10)
              maxPriorityExec.execute(new MyThread(i));
           else if (i == 11)
              minPriorityExec.execute(new MyThread(i));
           else
              defaultExec.execute(new MyThread(i));
    }
}

結果：
Create Thread-0
Create Thread-1
Create Thread-2
Create Thread-3
Thread-0 run 1 time(s)
Thread-0 run 2 time(s)
Thread-1 run 1 time(s)
Thread-1 run 2 time(s)
Thread-2 run 1 time(s)
Thread-2 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-4
Thread-4 run 1 time(s)
Thread-4 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-5
Thread-5 run 1 time(s)
Thread-5 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-6
Create Thread-7
Thread-7 run 1 time(s)
Thread-7 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-8
Thread-8 run 1 time(s)
Thread-8 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-9
Create Thread-10
Thread-10 run 1 time(s)
Thread-10 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-11
Thread-9 run 1 time(s)
Thread-9 run 2 time(s)
Thread-6 run 1 time(s)
Thread-6 run 2 time(s)
Thread-3 run 1 time(s)
Thread-3 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-12
Create Thread-13
Create Thread-14
Thread-12 run 1 time(s)
Thread-12 run 2 time(s)
Thread-13 run 1 time(s)
Thread-13 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-15
Thread-15 run 1 time(s)
Thread-15 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-16
Thread-16 run 1 time(s)
Thread-16 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-17
Create Thread-18
Create Thread-19
Thread-14 run 1 time(s)
Thread-14 run 2 time(s)
Thread-17 run 1 time(s)
Thread-17 run 2 time(s)
Thread-18 run 1 time(s)
Thread-18 run 2 time(s)
Thread-19 run 1 time(s)
Thread-19 run 2 time(s)
Thread-11 run 1 time(s)
Thread-11 run 2 time(s)