abs
(x)
all
(iterable)
- def any(iterable):
- for element in iterable:
- if element:
- return True
- return False
any(iterable)
- def any(iterable):
- for element in iterable:
- if element:
- return True
- return False
assert
- a = 1
- assert a >= 1, "Error value"
- print("OK")
- 結果:
- OK
- a = 1
- assert a >= 2, "錯啦!"
- print("OK")
- 結果:
- AssertionError: 錯啦! print()函數不會執行
bin(x)
bool([x])
- print(bool(['a',1,2.4])) # True
- print(bool(None)) # False
- print(bool(())) # False
- print(bool([])) # False
- print(bool({})) # False
- print(bool('')) # False
- print(bool(0)) # False
callable(object)
- def func1():
- print('a')
- a = '123'
- print(callable(a)) # False
- print(callable(func1)) # True
divmod(x,y)
- print(divmod(5,3)) # (1, 2)
ord(c)
- print(ord('a')) # 97
chr(x)
- print(chr(97)) # 'a'
classmethod(function)
enumerate(iterable, start=0)
返回一個可枚舉的對象。該對象的next()方法將返回一個tuple.start爲開始的序號默認從0開始。或者也可以通過list 或 tuple來轉換
- print(list(enumerate(('aa','bb','cc'),start=2)))
等價於
- def enumerate(sequence, start=0):
- n = start
- for elem in sequence:
- yield n, elem
- n += 1
eval(expression)
lambda
- f_lam = lambda x: x * 2
- print(f_lam(10)) # 20
map(function, iterable, ...)
- li = (1, 2, 3, 4)
- f_map = map(lambda x: x + 3, li)
- print(f_map) # python2.x結果[4, 5, 6, 7]
- print(list(f_map)) # python3.x結果[4, 5, 6, 7]
max(iterable, *[, key, default])
- def func(i):
- t = divmod(i,3)
- return t[1]
- li = (1,5,3,2,9,19,24)
- print(max(li)) # 24
- print(max(li,key=func)) # 5 對li中的數據進行取模後的最大值
max(iterable, *[, key, default])
sorted(iterable[, key][, reverse])
- def func(i):
- t = divmod(i,3)
- return t[1]
- li = (1,5,3,2,9,19,24)
- print(sorted(li))
- # [1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 19, 24]
- print(sorted(li,reverse=True))
- # [24, 19, 9, 5, 3, 2, 1]
- print(sorted(li,key=func))
- # [3, 9, 24, 1, 19, 5, 2]
- print(sorted(li,key=func,reverse=True))
- # [5, 2, 1, 19, 3, 9, 24]
filter(function, iterable)
- f_filter = filter(lambda x: x > 30, map(lambda y: y * 10, li))
- print(f_filter) # python2.x結果[40]
- print(list(f_filter)) # python3.x結果[40]
zip(*iterables)
- a = (1, 2, 3)
- y = [6,7,8]
- # print(zip(a, y)) # [(1, 6), (2, 7), (3, 8)]
isinstance
- a = 1
- print(isinstance(a,int)) # True
- class A(object):
- pass
- class B(A):
- pass
- b = B()
- print(isinstance(b, B)) # True
- print(isinstance(b, A)) # True
issubclass
- class A(object):
- pass
- class B(A):
- pass
- print(issubclass(B,A))
- print(issubclass(A,object))