thrift學習（一）

一、About  thrift   
二、什麼是thrift，怎麼工作？ 
三、Thrift  IDL 
四、Thrift   Demo 
五、Thrift 協議棧 以及各層的使用（java 爲例） 
六、與protocolbuffer的區別 

一、About  thrift   
         thrift是一種可伸縮的跨語言服務的發展軟件框架。它結合了功能強大的軟件堆棧的代碼生成引擎，以建設服務，工作效率和無縫地與C + +，C#，Java，Python和PHP和Ruby結合。thrift是facebook開發的，我們現在把它作爲開源軟件使用。thrift允許你定義一個簡單的定義文件中的數據類型和服務接口。以作爲輸入文件，編譯器生成代碼用來方便地生成RPC客戶端和服務器通信的無縫跨編程語言（來自百度百科）。    
  >>>最初由facebook開發用做系統內個語言之間的RPC通信 。 
  >>>2007年由facebook貢獻到apache基金 ，現在是apache下的opensource之一 。 
  >>>支持多種語言之間的RPC方式的通信：php語言client可以構造一個對象，調用相應的服務方法來調用java語言的服務 ，跨越語言的C/S   rpc  調用 。 


二、什麼是thrift，怎麼工作？ 

java  rmi的例子，代碼見附件，建立一個java rmi的流程  ： 
  >>>定義一個服務調用接口 。 
  >>>server端：接口實現---impl的實例---註冊該服務實現（端口）---啓動服務。 
  >>>client端：通過ip、端口、服務名，得到服務，通過接口來調用 。 
  >>>rmi數據傳輸方式：java對象序列化 。 

Thrift  服務  
  >>>例同rmi ，需要定義通信接口、實現、註冊服務、綁定端口…… 
  >>>如何多種語言之間通信  ？ 
  >>>數據傳輸走socket（多種語言均支持），數據再以特定的格式（String ），發送，接收方語言解析   。 
        Object --->  String --->  Object  。 

    問題：編碼、解析完全需要自己做 ，複雜的數據結構會編碼困難 . 


Thrift  服務 ：thrift的中間編碼層 
  >>>java  Object ---> Thrift  Object ---> php  Object   
  >>> 定義thrift的文件 ，由thrift文件（IDL）生成 雙方語言的接口、model ，在生成的model以及接口中會有解碼編碼的代碼 。 
  >>>thrift   文件例子 
     thrift-0.7.0.exe   -r   -gen  java    TestThrift.thrift    生成java 代碼 
     thrift-0.7.0.exe   -r   -gen  php    TestThrift.thrift    生成php代碼 
     thrift-0.7.0.exe   -r   -gen  py       TestThrift.thrift    生成python代碼 
     thrift-0.7.0.exe   -r   -gen  as3     TestThrift.thrift    生成as3代碼 
     thrift-0.7.0.exe   -r   -gen  cpp     TestThrift.thrift    生成C++代碼 

三、Thrift  IDL 
                 
       http://www.cnblogs.com/tianhuilove/archive/2011/09/05/2167669.html 

       http://wiki.apache.org/thrift/ 
           
       http://wiki.apache.org/thrift/ThriftTypes 

四、Thrift   Demo 
Thrift  IDL 文件 

namespace java com.gemantic.analyse.thrift.index

struct  NewsModel{
1:i32 id ;
2:string title;
3:string content;
4:string media_from;
5:string author;
}

service IndexNewsOperatorServices {
bool indexNews(1:NewsModel indexNews),
bool deleteArtificiallyNews(1:i32 id )
}

java  server 

package com.gemantic.analyse.thrift.index;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer.Args;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportFactory;

public class ThriftServerTest {

    /**
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        IndexNewsOperatorServices.Processor processor = new IndexNewsOperatorServices.Processor(new IndexNewsOperatorServicesImpl());
        try{
            TServerTransport serverTransport = new TServerSocket( new InetSocketAddress("0.0.0.0",9813));
            Args trArgs=new Args(serverTransport);
            trArgs.processor(processor);
            //使用二進制來編碼應用層的數據
            trArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory(true, true));
            //使用普通的socket來傳輸數據
            trArgs.transportFactory(new TTransportFactory());
            TServer server = new TThreadPoolServer(trArgs);
            System.out.println("server begin ......................");
            server.serve();
            System.out.println("---------------------------------------");
            server.stop();
        }catch(Exception e){
            throw new RuntimeException("index thrift server start failed!!"+"/n"+e.getMessage());
        }
    }

}

java client 

package com.gemantic.analyse.thrift.index;

import org.apache.thrift.TException;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;

public class ThriftClientTest {

    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws TException
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws TException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        TTransport transport = new TSocket("10.0.0.41", 9813);
        long start=System.currentTimeMillis();
//      TTransport transport = new TSocket("218.11.178.110",9090);
        TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
        IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client client=new IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client(protocol);
        transport.open();


        client.deleteArtificiallyNews(123456);
        NewsModel newsModel=new NewsModel();
        newsModel.setId(789456);
        newsModel.setTitle("this from java client");
        newsModel.setContent("　世界盃比賽前，由於塞爾維亞和黑山突然宣佈分裂，國際足聯開會決定剔除塞黑，由世界上球迷最多的國家頂替，名額恰巧來到中國。舉國上下一片歡騰，中國足協決定由“成世鐸”（成龍+閻世鐸）組隊，進軍世界盃。");
        newsModel.setAuthor("ddc");
        newsModel.setMedia_from("新華08");
        client.indexNews(newsModel);
        transport.close();
        System.out.println((System.currentTimeMillis()-start));
        System.out.println("client sucess!");
    }

}

php client 

<?php
$GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'] = '/home/tjiang/demo/thrift/lib/php/src';
require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/Thrift.php';
require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/protocol/TBinaryProtocol.php';
require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/transport/TSocket.php';
require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/transport/THttpClient.php';
require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/transport/TBufferedTransport.php';
include_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/packages/TestThrift/TestThrift_types.php';
include_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/packages/TestThrift/IndexNewsOperatorServices.php';
$data=array(
'id'=>'1',
'title'=>'demo-標題',
'content'=>'demo-內容',
'media_from'=>'hexun',
'author'=>'xiaodi667'
);
$thrif_server_url = '10.0.0.41';
$transport = new TSocket($thrif_server_url, 9813);
$transport->open();

$protocol = new TBinaryProtocol($transport);

$client= new IndexNewsOperatorServicesClient($protocol, $protocol);
$obj = new NewsModel($data);
$result = $client->indexNews($obj);

$transport->close();
?>

python client 

#!/usr/bin/env python

#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
#

import sys

from TestThrift.ttypes import NewsModel
from TestThrift.IndexNewsOperatorServices import Client

from thrift import Thrift
from thrift.transport import TSocket
from thrift.transport import TTransport
from thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocol

try:

  # Make socket
  transport = TSocket.TSocket('10.0.0.41', 9813)

  # Buffering is critical. Raw sockets are very slow
  transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport)

  # Wrap in a protocol
  protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport)

  # Create a client to use the protocol encoder
  client = Client(protocol)

  # Connect!
  transport.open()

  client.deleteArtificiallyNews(123)

  newsModel=NewsModel()
  newsModel.id=123456
  newsModel.title="python Test"
  newsModel.content="client test  come from python";
  newsModel.media_from="xinhua08"

  client.indexNews(newsModel)

  #close
  transport.close()
except Thrift.TException, tx:
  print '%s' % (tx.message)

Csharp client 

TTransport transport = new TSocket("10.0.0.41", 9813);
TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client client = new IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client(protocol);

transport.Open();
NewsModel model = new NewsModel();
model.Author = "jww";
model.Title = "title";
model.Content = "client   Come   From   CSharp";
model.Id = 1;

client.deleteArtificiallyNews(123);
Console.WriteLine(client.indexNews(model));

五、Thrift 協議棧 以及各層的使用（java 爲例） 
 
1、model   interface 
       服務的調用接口以及接口參數model、返回值model 
2、Tprotocol    協議層 
         將數據（model）編碼 、解碼 。 
3、Ttramsport 傳輸層 
        編碼後的數據傳輸（簡單socket、http） 
5、Tserver 
        服務的Tserver類型，實現了幾種rpc調用（單線程、多線程、非阻塞IO） 

六、與protocolbuffer的區別 
http://liuchangit.com/development/346.html 
            
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/69316/biggest-differences-of-thrift-vs-protocol-buffers 

區別： 
1、Another important difference are the languages supported by default.    protobuf: Java, C++, Python    Thrift: Java, C++, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, Smalltalk, Ocaml 
支持語言不同，thrift支持着更多的語言 。 
2、Thrift supports ‘exceptions 。 
   thrift支持服務的異常 。 
3、Protocol Buffers much easier to read 。Protobuf API looks cleaner, though the generated classes are all packed as an inner classes which is not so nice. 
   Protocol Buffers 在文檔方面比thrift豐富，而且比thrift簡單 。 
4、Protobuf serialized objects are about 30% smaller then Thrift. 
   Protocol Buffers在序列化/反序列化、傳輸上性能更優 。 
5、RPC is another key difference. Thrift generates code to implement RPC clients and servers wheres Protocol Buffers seems mostly designed as a data-interchange format alone.  
    thrift提供了一套完整的rpc服務實現（多線程socket、非阻塞的socket....） 
6、And according to the wiki the Thrift runtime doesn't run on Windows. 

   thrift 對有些語言在windows上不支持：C++   ..... 

感謝：來自http://gemantic.iteye.com/blog/1199214