前段時間在知乎看到大神用Ruby做的下面這樣一張圖,覺得非常有意思,所以打算用python實現一下
python有圖像處理標準庫PIL(Python Imaging Library),功能強大,簡單易用,可惜只支持2.x,Pillow是在PIL基礎上創建的兼容版本,支持python 3.x,同時增加了一些新特性。
安裝Pillow
直接在命令行使用pip安裝,十分方便
pip install Pillow
操作圖像
首先要根據需要引入對應的包(Image,ImageColor,ImageFont,ImageFilter等)
from PIL import Image
打開圖片
image = Image.open(url)
獲取圖片大小(返回一個元祖,分別爲寬和高)
width, height = image.size
保存圖片
image.save(url)
顯示圖片
image.show()
新建圖像
newImage = Image.new(mode, (width, height), color)
裁剪圖像
cropedImage = image.crop((0, 0, 100, 100))
複製圖像(產生原圖像副本,對其操作不影響原圖像)
copyImage = image.copy()
粘貼(對調用的圖像對象直接修改)
copyImage.paste(image, (x, y))
調整大小
resizedIm = image.resize((width, height))
旋轉(逆時針,返回旋轉後圖像,原圖像不變)
rotateIm = image.rotate(90)
翻轉
image.transpose(Image.FLIP_TOP_LEFT_RIGTH) #水平翻轉
image.transpose(Image.FLIP_TOP_TOP_BOTTOM) #垂直翻轉
獲取像素值
image.getpixel((x,y))
寫像素值
image.putpixel((x,y),(r,g,b))
獲取alpha
image.getalpha((x,y))
寫alpha
image.putalpha((x,y), alpha)
圖像複合
1、將img2符合到img1上,返回Image圖像(要求size相同,切mode都必須爲RGBA)
img3 = Image.alpha_composite(img1, img2)
2、out = img1*(1-alpha)+img2*alpha
img3 = Image.blend(img1, img2, alpha)
3、
img3 = Image.composite(img1, img2, mask)
圖像過濾
需要引入ImageFilter包
from PIL import Image, ImageFilter
高斯模糊
im.filter(ImageFilter.GaussianBlur)
普通模糊
im.filter(ImageFilter.BLUR)
邊緣增強
im.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE)
找到邊緣
im.filter(ImageFilter.FIND_EDGES)
浮雕
im.filter(ImageFilter.EMBOSS)
輪廓
im.filter(ImageFilter.CONTOUR)
銳化
im.filter(ImageFilter.SHARPEN)
平滑
im.filter(ImageFilter.SMOOTH)
細節
im.filter(ImageFilter.DETAIL)
Demo
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
將n*n張圖片拼接在一起,並覆蓋上一張降低透明度的圖片
Copyright: 2018/01/27 by 邵明山
"""
import os
from PIL import Image
def makedir(path):
if not os.path.exists(path):
os.mkdir(path)
print("The directory \"" + path + "\" creates success.")
else:
print("The directory \"" + path + "\" has already existed.")
base_path = "base"
mask_path = "mask"
makedir(base_path)
makedir(mask_path)
n = int(input("Please enter n, n^2 is the number of the pictures."))
print("Please put n^2 pictures to the forder \"base\".")
print("Please put one picture to the forder \"mask\".")
os.system("pause")
width = int(input("Please enter the width of the final picture."))
height = int(input("Please enter the height of the final picture."))
transparency = int(input("Please enter the transparency% of the mask."))
base_pictures = []
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(os.getcwd()+"\\"+base_path):
for file in files:
base_pictures.append(os.path.join(root, file))
num = 0
base = Image.new("RGBA", (width, height))
for i in range(0, n):
for j in range(0, n):
picture = Image.open(base_pictures[num])
temp = picture.resize((int(width/n), int(height/n)))
location = (int(i * width / n), int(j * height / n))
base.paste(temp, location)
num += 1
if num >= len(base_pictures):
break
if num >= n*n:
break
for root, files in os.walk(os.getcwd()+"\\"+mask_path):
for file in files:
mask_picture = Image.open(mask_path + "\\" + file)
mask = mask_picture.resize((width, height))
mask.putalpha(int(transparency/100 * 255))
result = Image.alpha_composite(base, mask)
result.save("result.png")