Install Ruby on rails on Ubuntu 14.04 LST

安裝rails歷經兩天，看了網上許多教程，最後以該博客爲準嘗試安裝終於成功。安裝過程中有某些地方不一致，但大體相同。在本文最後部分將會介紹安裝過程中遇到的一些問題與解決辦法。

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安裝過程

1. Install Git and Curl

Git:是一個簡單，快速，高效的版本控制系統。（對於安裝ruby on rails 環境沒有關係，只是爲了在以後的開發過程中進行版本控制的時候使用。）

Curl:是一個根據web協議獲取文件的簡單命令行工具。

1 sudo apt-get install git
2 sudo apt-get install curl

2. Install RVM and Dependencies
根據查閱網上資料，安裝RVM可以更加方便有效的對ruby進行版本管理等

1 curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

load the RVM

1 source ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm

然後我們繼續安裝其他一些額外的依賴軟件包，如sqlite3,它是默認的數據庫等。

1 sudo apt-get -y install build-essential openssl libreadline6 libreadline6-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev libssl-dev libyaml-dev libsqlite3-0 libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 libxml2-dev libxslt-dev autoconf libc6-dev ncurses-dev automake libtool bison subversion

3. Installing Javascript Runtime

1 sudo apt-add-repository ppa:chris-lea/node.js
2 sudo apt-get update
3 sudo apt-get install nodejs

4. Install Ruby

1 rvm install 2.0.0
2 rvm use 2.0.0 –default // 選擇你想使用的版本

一般有些人在執行第二個命令是會報錯

RVM is not a function, selecting rubies with ‘rvm use …’ will not work.
You need to change your terminal emulator preferences to allow login shell. Sometimes it is required to use /bin/bash --login as the command.
Please visit https://rvm.io/integration/gnome-terminal/ for a example.

根據問題提示，執行下面的命令解決該問題

1 /bin/bash –login

5. Install Rails

1 gem install rails

6. Check on your version

1 ruby -v
ruby 2.0.0p643 (2015-02-25 revision 49749) [x86_64-linux]
2 rails -v
Rails 4.2.4

7. Test
即使在第六步中你能正常顯示安裝版本，但是也並不一定代表你成功安裝，通過新建一個工程，開啓服務來檢測是否真正成功。

gozky@gozky-Ideapad-Z460:~/ruby_test$ rails new blog //新建工程
create
create README.rdoc
create Rakefile
create config.ru
…..
create vendor/assets/javascripts/.keep
create vendor/assets/stylesheets
create vendor/assets/stylesheets/.keep
run bundle install
Fetching gem metadata from https://ruby.taobao.org/…………
Fetching version metadata from https://ruby.taobao.org/..
Resolving dependencies……….
Using rack-test 0.6.3
….

接着啓動服務，記得要進入你新建的工程文件中

gozky@gozky-Ideapad-Z460:~/ruby_test/blog$ rails server
=> Booting WEBrick
=> Rails 4.2.4 application starting in development on http://localhost:3000
=> Run rails server -h for more startup options
=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server
[2015-09-25 10:55:44] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1
[2015-09-25 10:55:44] INFO ruby 2.0.0 (2015-02-25) [x86_64-linux]
[2015-09-25 10:55:44] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=5155 port=3000

Started GET “/” for 127.0.0.1 at 2015-09-25 11:00:38 +0800
Processing by Rails::WelcomeController#index as HTML
Rendered /home/gozky/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p643/gems/railties-4.2.4/lib/rails/templates/rails/welcome/index.html.erb (1.5ms)
Completed 200 OK in 18ms (Views: 7.7ms | ActiveRecord: 0.0ms)

Q&A

Error1: 出現類似於“Installing ri documentation for rails-3.2.3… file ‘lib’ not found”的錯誤，執行下面的命令就可以了：

gem install rdoc

Error2: 出現類似某些路徑下的文件不被允許寫，沒有權限，可以在安裝命令前加上sudo

Error3: 出現下面錯誤

Fetching gem metadata from RubyGems.org…….
Fetching version metadata from RubyGems.org…
Fetching dependency metadata from RubyGems.org..
Gem::RemoteFetcher::FetchError: Errno::ETIMEDOUT: Connection timed out - connect(2) (https://rubygems.org/gems/rake-10.1.0.gem)
An error occurred while installing rake (10.1.0), and Bundler cannot continue

是由於被牆的緣故，或者你可以翻牆，或者你也可以修改源地址

gem sources –remove https://rubygems.org/
gem sources -a https://ruby.taobao.org/

如果在new一個新工程還出錯，繼續嘗試下面的命令

bundle config mirror.https://rubygems.org https://ruby.taobao.org

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