本文檔是Oracle Database 11.2.0.1 for RHEL5 Server(包括x86和x86_64平臺)的靜默安裝指南. 所有操作無需使用圖形界面. 靜默安裝能減少安裝出錯的可能性, 也能大大加快安裝速度.
# 後跟命令表示以操作系統下root用戶操作;
$ 後跟命令表示以操作系統下oracle用戶操作;
1.1 上傳軟件
假如放在/wangnc/oracle/11g/目錄下.
# mkdir -p /wangnc/oracle/11g/
# cd /wangnc/oracle/11g/
可通過SecureFX工具sftp上傳數據庫安裝文件.
1.2 Package安裝檢查
# rpm -q \
binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
pdksh \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"
1.3 增加數據庫組和用戶
# id oracle (確認oracle用戶是否存在)
# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall (建立產品清單管理組)
# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba (建立數據庫安裝組)
# /usr/sbin/groupadd asmadmin (建立ASM管理組)
# /usr/sbin/groupadd asmdba (建立Grid管理組)
# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle -d /home/oracle (oinstall爲主要組,確保/home/oracle原不存在)
# id oracle (記住oracle用戶的uid和gid)
uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),504(asmdba)
# passwd oracle
1.4 調整OS內核參數
設置原則:
kernel.shmmax 爲 4GB-1byte或一半的物理內存, 哪個值更低用哪個;
fs.file-max 爲512 * PROCESSES.
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf (增加或修改以下參數, 參考值爲最小需求, kernel.shmmax默認即可無需設置 )
#------------------------------------------
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
#kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
#------------------------------------------
# /sbin/sysctl -p (設置參數立即生效)
1.5 增加shell限制
爲了提升性能增加oracle用戶的shell限制.
# vi /etc/security/limits.conf (在文件最後增加或修改以下參數)
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
# vi /etc/pam.d/login (在文件最後增加或修改以下參數)
session required pam_limits.so
# vi /etc/profile (在文件最後增加或修改以下腳本)
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
1.6 建立必需目錄
# more /etc/oratab (確認原來是否存在Oracle主目錄)
# more /etc/oraInst.loc (確認原來是否存在Oracle產品清單目錄)
# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/ (Oracle基礎目錄, 一般爲/mount_point/app/oracle_owner)
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /wangnc/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u03
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u04
# chmod -R 775 /wangnc/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01
chmod -R 775 /u02
chmod -R 775 /u03
chmod -R 775 /u04
1.7 設置oracle用戶環境變量
如果服務器有多網卡, 注意設置ORACLE_HOSTNAME爲某網卡IP對應的主機名, 參照/etc/hosts文件.
# su - oracle
$ vi ~/.bash_profile
umask 022
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rhel5
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
$ . ~/.bash_profile
1.8 解壓Oracle安裝文件
$ cd /wangnc/oracle/11g
$ unzip linux*_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /u01 (解壓到/u01目錄下,可選目錄)
$ unzip linux*_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /u01
$ cd /u01/database
$ export DISTRIB=`pwd`
在解壓後oracle軟件的response目錄裏有各種響應文件的模版.
1.9 生成響應文件模板
1) 方法一(推薦)
$ vi $DISTRIB/db_swonly.rsp
#--------------------------------------------------------------------
#以下參數不要更改
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
#以下參數根據實際情況更改,一般也無需更改
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
#--------------------------------------------------------------------
各參數含義如下:
-silent 表示以靜默方式安裝,不會有任何提示
-force 允許安裝到一個非空目錄
-noconfig 表示不運行配置助手netca
-responseFile 表示使用哪個響應文件,必需使用絕對路徑
oracle.install.responseFileVersion 響應文件模板的版本,該參數不要更改
oracle.install.option 安裝選項,本例只安裝oracle軟件,該參數不要更改
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES 是否需要在線安全更新,設置爲false,該參數不要更改
ORACLE_HOSTNAME 安裝主機名
UNIX_GROUP_NAME oracle用戶用於安裝軟件的組名
INVENTORY_LOCATION oracle產品清單目錄
SELECTED_LANGUAGES oracle運行語言環境,一般包括引文和簡繁體中文
ORACLE_HOME Oracle安裝目錄
ORACLE_BASE oracle基礎目錄
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition 安裝版本類型,一般是企業版
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall 是否定製安裝,默認Partitioning,OLAP,RAT都選上了
oracle.install.db.customComponents 定製安裝組件列表:除了以上默認的,可加上Label Security和Database Vault
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP oracle用戶用於授予OSDBA權限的組名
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP oracle用戶用於授予OSOPER權限的組名
2) 方法二(圖形界面)
$ ./runInstaller &
一步步設置到Summary頁, 然後點擊Save Response File按鈕, 選擇合適的存放路徑並Finish後, 回到Summary頁, 點擊Cancel退出OUI.
1.10 開始安裝oracle軟件
1) 通過response文件靜默安裝, 大概2-3分鐘:
$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -responseFile $DISTRIB/db_swonly.rsp
控制檯直到出現以下提示則表示安裝完成:
#-------------------------------------------------------------------
...
/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as "root"
3. Run the scripts
4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------
2) 安裝期間查看安裝日誌信息瞭解安裝進度:
$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory/logs
$ tail -100f installActions*.log
3) 安裝的軟件信息會寫入inventory.xml文件, 如果需重運行則把該文件的對應安裝條目信息刪除即可:
$ vi $ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml
1.11 運行orainstRoot.sh和root.sh
若本機第一次安裝oracle軟件, 則執行orainstRoot.sh來建立oraInst.loc文件和修改權限:
$ su -
# /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
# more /etc/oraInst.loc
執行$ORACLE_HOME下的root.sh來建立oratab,dbhome,oraenv,coraenv文件, 如果提示則一直回車:
# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
# more /etc/oratab
1.1 靜默配置監聽
通過response文件運行netca, 生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora文件, 位於$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目錄下:
# su - oracle
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responsefile $DISTRIB/response/netca.rsp
$ ll $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/*.ora
$ lsnrctl status
執行完後, 監聽就已經啓動了, 默認端口是1521, 默認是動態監聽, 只要實例啓動了就會監聽到.
1.2 靜默建庫
1) 生成響應文件模板:
$ vi $DISTRIB/db_create.rsp
#--------------------------------------------------------------------
#以下參數不要更改
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
#以下參數必須設置
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "ORCL.LK"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
#以下參數不設置則使用默認值,建議設置
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
TOTALMEMORY = "1024"
#--------------------------------------------------------------------
2) dbca靜默建庫, 大概3-4分鐘:
種子數據庫和控制文件位於$ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates/下, 即Seed_Database.dfb和Seed_Database.ctl文件, 實際上建庫就是基於通過rman恢復種子數據庫和控制文件來實現的.
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile $DISTRIB/db_create.rsp
Enter SYS user password:
<輸入sys用戶密碼>
Enter SYSTEM user password:
<輸入system用戶密碼>
Copying database files
...
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
...
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
...
100% complete
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCL/ORCL.log" for further details.
各參數含義如下:
-silent 表示以靜默方式安裝
-responseFile 表示使用哪個響應文件,必需使用絕對路徑
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION 響應文件模板的版本,該參數不要更改
OPERATION_TYPE 安裝類型,該參數不要更改
GDBNAME 全局數據庫名,點號前面默認是db_name,點號後面默認就是db_domain
TEMPLATENAME 建庫模板名,參考各模板定義:$ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates/*.dbc
CHARACTERSET 字符集,默認是WE8MSWIN1252
TOTALMEMORY 實例內存,默認是服務器物理內存的40%
3) 安裝期間查看日誌信息瞭解進度:
$ tail -100f $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/dbca/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID.log
4) 建庫後實例檢查
$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep | wc -l
21
$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
oracle 1855 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_ORCL
oracle 1857 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_ORCL
oracle 1861 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_ORCL
oracle 1863 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_ORCL
oracle 1865 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_ORCL
oracle 1867 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_ORCL
oracle 1869 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_ORCL
oracle 1871 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_ORCL
oracle 1873 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_ORCL
oracle 1875 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_ORCL
oracle 1877 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_ORCL
oracle 1879 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_ORCL
oracle 1881 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_ORCL
oracle 1883 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_ORCL
oracle 1885 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_ORCL
oracle 1887 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_ORCL
oracle 1889 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_ORCL
oracle 1969 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_ORCL
oracle 1985 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_ORCL
oracle 2003 1 0 10:08 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_ORCL
oracle 2005 1 0 10:08 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_ORCL
5) 建庫後監聽檢查
$ lsnrctl status
...
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL.LK" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLXDB.LK" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
實例應該被動態註冊到監聽程序了. 如果未被動態註冊到監聽程序, 則可以手工註冊:
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Sep 16 11:11:46 2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
SQL> alter system register;
6) 改爲歸檔模式並重啓
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database flashback on; (如果要啓用數據庫閃回功能則執行)
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> execute utl_recomp.recomp_serial(); (重新編譯所有可能失效對象)
SQL> alter system archive log current; (手工歸檔測試)
到此建庫完畢!
7) 默認安裝的數據庫用戶:
SQL> set lines 256 pages 500
SQL> select USER_ID,USERNAME,ACCOUNT_STATUS,DEFAULT_TABLESPACE from dba_users order by 1;
USER_ID USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS DEFAULT_TABLESPACE
---------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------
0 SYS OPEN SYSTEM
5 SYSTEM OPEN SYSTEM
9 OUTLN EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSTEM
14 DIP EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS
21 ORACLE_OCM EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS
30 DBSNMP EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX
31 APPQOSSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX
32 WMSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX
42 EXFSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX
43 CTXSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX
45 XDB EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX
46 ANONYMOUS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX
53 ORDSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX
54 ORDDATA EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX
55 ORDPLUGINS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX
56 SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX
57 MDSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX
61 OLAPSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX
65 MDDATA EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS
67 SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS
70 SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS
72 SYSMAN EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX
74 MGMT_VIEW EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSTEM
75 FLOWS_FILES EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX
76 APEX_PUBLIC_USER EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS
78 APEX_030200 EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX
79 OWBSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX
83 OWBSYS_AUDIT EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX
84 SCOTT EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS
2147483638 XS$NULL EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS
30 rows selected.
8) 默認安裝的組件:
SQL> col COMP_ID format a8
col COMP_NAME format a35
col VERSION format a12
col schema format a12
col OTHER_SCHEMAS format a45
SQL> select comp_id,comp_name,version,schema,other_schemas from dba_registry order by 1;
COMP_ID COMP_NAME VERSION SCHEMA OTHER_SCHEMAS
-------- ----------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ---------------------------------------------
AMD OLAP Catalog 11.2.0.1.0 OLAPSYS
APEX Oracle Application Express 3.2.1.00.10 APEX_030200 FLOWS_FILES
APS OLAP Analytic Workspace 11.2.0.1.0 SYS
CATALOG Oracle Database Catalog Views 11.2.0.1.0 SYS
CATJAVA Oracle Database Java Packages 11.2.0.1.0 SYS
CATPROC Oracle Database Packages and Types 11.2.0.1.0 SYS APPQOSSYS,DBSNMP,DIP,ORACLE_OCM,OUTLN,SYSTEM
CONTEXT Oracle Text 11.2.0.1.0 CTXSYS
EM Oracle Enterprise Manager 11.2.0.1.0 SYSMAN
EXF Oracle Expression Filter 11.2.0.1.0 EXFSYS
JAVAVM JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 11.2.0.1.0 SYS
ORDIM Oracle Multimedia 11.2.0.1.0 ORDSYS MDSYS,ORDDATA,ORDPLUGINS,SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA
OWB OWB 11.2.0.1.0 OWBSYS
OWM Oracle Workspace Manager 11.2.0.1.0 WMSYS
RUL Oracle Rules Manager 11.2.0.1.0 EXFSYS
SDO Spatial 11.2.0.1.0 MDSYS
XDB Oracle XML Database 11.2.0.1.0 XDB ANONYMOUS,XS$NULL
XML Oracle XDK 11.2.0.1.0 SYS
XOQ Oracle OLAP API 11.2.0.1.0 SYS
18 rows selected.
1.3 靜默刪庫(可選)
1) 生成響應文件模板:
$ vi $DISTRIB/db_delete.rsp
#--------------------------------------------------------------------
#以下參數不能更改
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "deleteDatabase"
#以下參數根據實際情況更改
[DELETEDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "ORCL"
#--------------------------------------------------------------------
2) dbca靜默建庫, 無需手工停庫, 大概1分鐘:
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile $DISTRIB/db_delete.rsp
Connecting to database
...
47% complete
Updating network configuration files
...
52% complete
Deleting instance and datafiles
...
100% complete
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCL.log" for further details.
各參數含義如下:
-silent 表示以靜默方式刪除
-responseFile 表示使用哪個響應文件,必需使用絕對路徑
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION 響應文件模板的版本,該參數不要更改
OPERATION_TYPE 安裝類型,該參數不要更改
SOURCEDB 數據庫名,不是全局數據庫名,即不包含db_domain
3) 刪除期間查看日誌信息瞭解進度:
$ tail -100f $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/dbca/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID.log
