背景
Python中,xlrd主要用來讀取excel文件, xlwt主要用來寫文件,本文主要介紹打開已經存在的excel的xls文件,然後在最後新的一行的數據。要用到xlutils包,它依賴於前兩個包。
折騰過程
1.找到了參考資料:
writing to existing workbook using xlwt
其實是沒有直接實現:
打開已有的excel文件,然後在文件最後寫入,添加新數據
的函數的。
只不過,可以利用:
Working with Excel Files in Python
中的庫,組合實現。
2. writing to existing workbook using xlwt
給出了示例代碼:
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|
START_ROW
=
297
# 0 based (subtract 1 from excel row number) col_age_november
=
1 col_summer1
=
2 col_fall1
=
3 rb
=
open_workbook(file_path,formatting_info = True ) r_sheet
=
rb.sheet_by_index( 0 )
#
read only copy to introspect the file wb
=
copy(rb) #
a writable copy (I can't read values out of this, only write to it) w_sheet
=
wb.get_sheet( 0 )
#
the sheet to write to within the writable copy for
row_index in
range (START_ROW,
r_sheet.nrows): age_nov
=
r_sheet.cell(row_index, col_age_november).value if
age_nov = =
3 : #If
3, then Combo I 3-4 year old for both summer1 and fall1 w_sheet.write(row_index,
col_summer1, 'Combo
I 3-4 year old' ) w_sheet.write(row_index,
col_fall1, 'Combo
I 3-4 year old' ) wb.save(file_path
+
'.out'
+
os.path.splitext(file_path)[ - 1 ]) |
3. 剛又看到,有更簡潔的代碼:
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from
xlutils.copy import
copy w
=
copy( 'book1.xls' ) w.get_sheet( 0 ).write( 0 , 0 , "foo" ) w.save( 'book2.xls' ) |
4.現在打算去試試。
先去安裝xlrd:
6.再去安裝xlutils:
【記錄】Python中安裝可以讀寫excel的xls文件的xlutils模塊(需依賴於xlrd和xlwt)
7.接着可以去寫代碼了。
8.先是:
【已解決】Python中使用xlutils.copy出錯:AttributeError: ‘module’ object has no attribute ‘copy’
9.後是:
【已解決】Python中使用xlutils的copy出錯:AttributeError: ‘str’ object has no attribute ‘datemode’
10.後來是用如下代碼:
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import
xlwt; import
xlrd; #import
xlutils; from
xlutils.copy import
copy; #init
xls file #styleBlueBkg=
xlwt.easyxf('pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour sky_blue;'); #styleBold
= xlwt.easyxf('font: bold on'); styleBoldRed
=
xlwt.easyxf( 'font:
color-index red, bold on' ); headerStyle
=
styleBoldRed; wb
=
xlwt.Workbook(); ws
=
wb.add_sheet(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'sheetName' ]); ws.write( 0 ,
0 ,
"Header" ,
headerStyle); ws.write( 0 ,
1 ,
"CatalogNumber" ,
headerStyle); ws.write( 0 ,
2 ,
"PartNumber" ,
headerStyle); wb.save(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'fileName' ]); #open
existed xls file #newWb
= xlutils.copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']); #newWb
= copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']); oldWb
=
xlrd.open_workbook(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'fileName' ]); print
oldWb; #<xlrd.book.Book
object at 0x000000000315C940> newWb
=
copy(oldWb); print
newWb; #<xlwt.Workbook.Workbook
object at 0x000000000315F470> newWs
=
newWb.get_sheet( 0 ); newWs.write( 1 ,
0 ,
"value1" ); newWs.write( 1 ,
1 ,
"value2" ); newWs.write( 1 ,
2 ,
"value3" ); print
"write new values ok" ; newWb.save(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'fileName' ]); print
"save with same name ok" ; |
實現了,打開,剛剛保存的,已經存在的xls文件,
然後寫入新數據的目的。
但是有個缺點,
第一次保存時的,帶格式(標題內容爲紅色粗體)的內容:
重新寫入新數據,再保存時,卻丟失了之前的格式(標題沒了紅色粗體了):
11.後來還是參考:
writing to existing workbook using xlwt
中的那個標準答案,在用xlrd.open_workbook時,添加對應的參數formatting_info=True,就可以保留原有格式了。
完整代碼:
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import
xlwt; import
xlrd; #import
xlutils; from
xlutils.copy import
copy; #init
xls file #styleBlueBkg=
xlwt.easyxf('pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour sky_blue;'); #styleBold
= xlwt.easyxf('font: bold on'); styleBoldRed
=
xlwt.easyxf( 'font:
color-index red, bold on' ); headerStyle
=
styleBoldRed; wb
=
xlwt.Workbook(); ws
=
wb.add_sheet(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'sheetName' ]); ws.write( 0 ,
0 ,
"Header" ,
headerStyle); ws.write( 0 ,
1 ,
"CatalogNumber" ,
headerStyle); ws.write( 0 ,
2 ,
"PartNumber" ,
headerStyle); wb.save(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'fileName' ]); #open
existed xls file #newWb
= xlutils.copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']); #newWb
= copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']); oldWb
=
xlrd.open_workbook(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'fileName' ],
formatting_info = True ); print
oldWb; #<xlrd.book.Book
object at 0x000000000315C940> newWb
=
copy(oldWb); print
newWb; #<xlwt.Workbook.Workbook
object at 0x000000000315F470> newWs
=
newWb.get_sheet( 0 ); newWs.write( 1 ,
0 ,
"value1" ); newWs.write( 1 ,
1 ,
"value2" ); newWs.write( 1 ,
2 ,
"value3" ); print
"write new values ok" ; newWb.save(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'fileName' ]); print
"save with same name ok" ; |
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最後重新寫入的數據,就可以保留之前的格式了(標題爲紅色粗體):
總結
python中操作,本身就複雜的xls文件,還是有點小麻煩的。
想要,往已經存在的xls文件中,寫入新的行,新的數據,對應的邏輯爲:
-
用xlrd.open_workbook打開已有的xsl文件
- 注意添加參數formatting_info=True,得以保存之前數據的格式
- 然後用,from xlutils.copy import copy;,之後的copy去從打開的xlrd的Book變量中,拷貝出一份,成爲新的xlwt的Workbook變量
-
然後對於xlwt的Workbook變量,就是正常的:
- 通過get_sheet去獲得對應的sheet
- 拿到sheet變量後,就可以往sheet中,寫入新的數據
- 寫完新數據後,最終save保存
相關完整代碼爲:
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import
xlwt; import
xlrd; #import
xlutils; from
xlutils.copy import
copy; styleBoldRed
=
xlwt.easyxf( 'font:
color-index red, bold on' ); headerStyle
=
styleBoldRed; wb
=
xlwt.Workbook(); ws
=
wb.add_sheet(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'sheetName' ]); ws.write( 0 ,
0 ,
"Header" ,
headerStyle); ws.write( 0 ,
1 ,
"CatalogNumber" ,
headerStyle); ws.write( 0 ,
2 ,
"PartNumber" ,
headerStyle); wb.save(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'fileName' ]); #open
existed xls file #newWb
= xlutils.copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']); #newWb
= copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']); oldWb
=
xlrd.open_workbook(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'fileName' ],
formatting_info = True ); print
oldWb; #<xlrd.book.Book
object at 0x000000000315C940> newWb
=
copy(oldWb); print
newWb; #<xlwt.Workbook.Workbook
object at 0x000000000315F470> newWs
=
newWb.get_sheet( 0 ); newWs.write( 1 ,
0 ,
"value1" ); newWs.write( 1 ,
1 ,
"value2" ); newWs.write( 1 ,
2 ,
"value3" ); print
"write new values ok" ; newWb.save(gConst[ 'xls' ][ 'fileName' ]); print
"save with same name ok" ; |
其中,關於如何下載和安裝對應的庫,可參考:
【記錄】Python中安裝可以讀寫excel的xls文件的xlutils模塊(需依賴於xlrd和xlwt)