基於CentOS構建高性能的LAMP平臺
大綱:
一、系統安裝
二、編譯安裝基本環境
三、配置虛擬主機及基本性能調優
四、基本安全設置
五、附錄及相關介紹
一、系統安裝
1. 分區
/boot 100M左右
SWAP 物理內存的2倍(如果你的物理內存大於4G以上，分配4G即可)
/ 15G
/usr/local 20G (用於安裝軟件 )
/data 剩餘所有空間
2. 系統初始化腳本 (根據具體需求關閉不需要的服務 )
#vi init.sh
-------------------cut begin-------------------------------------------
#welcome
cat << EOF
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| === Welcome to Centos System init === |
+--------------http://www.linuxtone.org------------------------+
+----------------------Author:NetSeek--------------------------+
EOF
#disable ipv6
cat << EOF
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| === Welcome to Disable IPV6 === |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
EOF
echo "alias net-pf-10 off" >> /etc/modprobe.conf
echo "alias ipv6 off" >> /etc/modprobe.conf
/sbin/chkconfig --level 35 ip6tables off
echo "ipv6 is disabled!"
#disable selinux
sed -i '/SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
echo "selinux is disabled,you must reboot!"
#vim
sed -i "8 s/^/alias vi='vim'/" /root/.bashrc
echo 'syntax on' > /root/.vimrc
#zh_cn
sed -i -e 's/^LANG=.*/LANG="zh_CN.GB18030"/' /etc/sysconfig/i18n
#tunoff services
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cat << EOF
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| === Welcome to Tunoff services === |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
EOF
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
for i in `ls /etc/rc3.d/S*`
do
CURSRV=`echo $i|cut -c 15-`
echo $CURSRV
case $CURSRV in
crond | irqbalance | microcode_ctl | network | random | sendmail | ssh d | syslog | local | mysql d )
echo "Base services, Skip!"
;;
*)
echo "change $CURSRV to off"
chkconfig --level 235 $CURSRV off
service $CURSRV stop
;;
esac
done
-------------------cut end-------------------------------------------
#sh init.sh (執行上面保存的腳本，之後重啓)
二、編譯安裝基本環境
1. 安裝準備
1) 系統約定
軟件源代碼包存放位置 /usr/local/src
源碼包編譯安裝位置(prefix) /usr/local/software_name
腳本以及維護程序 存放位置 /usr/local/sbin
MySQL 數據庫 位置 /data/mysql/data（可按情況設置）
Apache 網站根目錄 /data/www/wwwroot（可按情況設置）
Apache 虛擬主機日誌 根目錄 /data/www/logs（可按情況設置）
Apache 運行 賬戶 www:www (useradd -d /data/www/;chown www.www /data/www/wwwroot)
2) 系統環境部署及調整
檢查系統是否正常
# tail -n100 /var/log/messages （檢查有無系統級錯誤信息）
# dmesg （檢查硬件設備是否有錯誤信息）
# ifconfig（檢查網卡設置是否正確）
# ping www.linuxtone.org （檢查網絡 是否正常）
3) 使用 yum 程序安裝所需開發包（以下爲標準的 RPM 包名稱）
#rpm --import http://mirror.centos .org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#yum install ntp vim-enhanced gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison autoconf automake bzip2-devel \
ncurses-devel zlib-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel libXpm-devel \
gettext-devel pam-devel kernel
4) 定時校正服務器 時鐘，定時與中國 國家授時中心授時服務器同步
# crontab -e
加入一行：
15 3 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 210.72.145.44 > /dev/null 2>&1
2. 編譯安裝軟件包
源碼編譯安裝所需包(Source)
1) GD2
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xvf gd-2.0.35.tar.gz
# cd gd-2.0.35
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2
# make
# make install
補充：安裝GD庫錯誤解決方法 configure.ac:64: error: possibly undefined macro: AM_ICONV
[root@xxt401 gd-2.0.35]# make install
cd . && /bin/sh /tmp/jpeg-6b/gd-2.0.35/config/missing –run aclocal-1.9 -I config
aclocal:configure.ac:64: warning: macro `AM_ICONV’ not found in library
cd . && /bin/sh /tmp/jpeg-6b/gd-2.0.35/config/missing –run automake-1.9 –foreign
cd . && /bin/sh /tmp/jpeg-6b/gd-2.0.35/config/missing –run autoconf
configure.ac:64: error: possibly undefined macro: AM_ICONV
If this token and others are legitimate, please use m4_pattern_allow.
See the Autoconf documentation.
make: *** [configure] 錯誤 1
把報錯信息“configure.ac:64: error: possibly undefined macro: AM_ICONV”拿到google裏搜索，得到“But you need to have gettext”沒有gettext這個包。
到 http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/ 下載了gettext-0.17.tar.gz
#wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.18.1.1.tar.gz
#cp /usr/lib/libattr.* /lib/ #(這個在轉載的文章裏沒說,是因爲make的時候報錯說沒有libattr.la這個文件,所以要複製過去)
#tar xzf gettext-0.17.tar.gz
#cd gettext-0.17
#./configure
#make
#make install
經過以上操作,回去安裝gd 就沒有問題了
2) LibXML2
下載地址：http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sources/libxml2
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/libxml2/2.6/libxml2-2.6.30.tar.gz
# tar xvf libxml2-2.6.29.tar.bz2
# cd libxml2-2.6.29
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2
# make
# make install
3) libxslt
下載地址：http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/libxslt/
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/libxslt/1.1/libxslt-1.1.22.tar.gz
# tar xvf libxslt-1.1.22.tar.gz
# cd libxslt-1.1.22
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxslt --with-libxml-prefix=/usr/local/libxml2
# make
# make install
4) freetype
下載地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/freetype/files/freetype2/2.4.5/
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/freetype/files/freetype2/2.4.5/freetype-2.4.5.tar.gz/download
# tar xvf freetype-2.4.5
# cd freetype-2.4.5
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetype
# make
# make install
5) LibMcrypt
下載地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcrypt/files/Libmcrypt/
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcrypt/files/Libmcrypt/2.5.8/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz/download
# tar xvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt
# make
# make install
編譯libltdl，如果沒有編譯libltdl，在編輯php時添加的“–with-mcrypt”選項可能會有如下的錯誤：
cannot find -lltdl
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [libphp5.la] Error 1
libltdl在libmcrypt軟件包中就有，具體過程：
# cd libltdl
# ./configure -enable-ltdl-install
# make
# make install
6)Curl
下載地址：http://curl.haxx.se/download/
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://curl.haxx.se/download/curl-7.21.7.tar.gz
# tar xvf curl-7.21.7.tar.gz
# cd curl-7.21.7
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/curl
# make
# make install
7) Apache日誌截斷程序
下載地址：http://cronolog.org/download/index.html
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://cronolog.org/download/cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
# tar xvf cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
# cd cronolog-1.6.2
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cronolog
# make
# make install
3. 升級OpenSSL和OpenSSH
下載地址：http://www.openssl.org/source/
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-0.9.8r.tar.gz
# tar xvf openssl-1.0.0d.tar.gz
# cd openssl-1.0.0d
# ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl
# make
# make test
# make install
# cd ..
# tar xvf openssh-5.0p1.tar.gz
# cd openssh-5.0p1
# ./configure \
"--prefix=/usr" \
"--with-pam" \
"--with-zlib" \
"--sysconfdir=/etc/ssh" \
"--with-ssl-dir=/usr/local/openssl" \
"--with-md5-passwords"
# make
# make install
1) 禁用 SSH V1 協議
找到#Protocol 2,1改爲：Protocol 2
2) 禁用服務器端GSSAPI
找到以下兩行，並將它們註釋：
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
3) 禁用 DNS 名稱解析
找到：#UseDNS yeas改爲：UseDNS no
4)禁用客戶端 GSSAPI
# vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config 找到：GSSAPIAuthentication yes 將這行註釋掉。
最後，確認修改正確後重新啓動 SSH 服務
# service sshd restart
# ssh -v
確認 OpenSSH 以及 OpenSSL 版本正確。
以上SSH配置可利用以下腳本自動修改:
-------------------cut begin-------------------------------------------
#init_ssh
ssh_cf="/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
sed -i -e '74 s/^/#/' -i -e '76 s/^/#/' $ssh_cf
sed -i "s/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/" $ssh_cf
#client
sed -i -e '44 s/^/#/' -i -e '48 s/^/#/' $ssh_cf
echo "ssh is init is ok.............."
-------------------cut end---------------------------------------------
三、編譯安裝A.M.P環境
1.下載軟件編譯安裝
1)下載軟件
# cd /usr/local/src
httpd-2.2.8.tar.gz
mysql-5.0.51b.tar.gz
php-5.2.6.tar.bz2
ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
2) 安裝MySQL
查看分析你的CPU型號:
http://gentoo-wiki.com/Safe_Cflags 查找您的GCC編譯參數.
確定系統CPU類型：
# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name"
執行後會看到系統中CPU的具體型號，記下CPU型號。
Mysql下載地址：http://www.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
# wget http://mysql.byungsoo.net/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.48.tar.gz
# tar xvf mysql-5.1.48.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.1.48
# vi mysql.sh
-------------------cut begin-------------------------------------------
CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"
CFLAGS="-march=core2 -mtune=generic -O2 -pipe"
CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/mysql" \
"--localstatedir=/data/mysql/data" \
"--with-comment=Source" \
"--with-server-suffix=-LinuxTone" \
"--with-mysqld-user=mysql" \
"--without-debug" \
"--with-big-tables" \
"--with-charset=utf8" \
"--with-collation=utf8_chinese_ci" \
"--with-extra-charsets=all" \
"--with-pthread" \
"--enable-static" \
"--enable-thread-safe-client" \
"--with-client-ldflags=-all-static" \
"--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static" \
"--enable-assembler" \
"--without-isam" \
"--without-innodb" \
"--with-plugins=all" \
"--without-ndb-debug"
make && make install
mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
useradd mysql -d /data/mysql -s /sbin/nologin
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R root:mysql .
chown -R mysql /data/mysql/data
cp share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
for i in *; do ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/$i /usr/bin/$i; done
-------------------cut end---------------------------------------------
#sh mysql.sh 即可開始編譯.
3) 編譯安裝Apache
下載地址: http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
包路徑: http://apache.etoak.com//httpd/httpd-2.2.19.tar.gz
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://apache.etoak.com//httpd/httpd-2.2.19.tar.gz
# tar xvf httpd-2.2.19.tar.gz
# cd httpd-2.2.19
./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/apache2" \
"--with-included-apr" \
"--enable-so" \
"--enable-deflate=shared" \
"--enable-expires=shared" \
"--enable-rewrite=shared" \
"--enable-static-support" \
"--disable-userdir"
make
make install
echo '/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start' >> /etc/rc.local
4.)編譯安裝PHP
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf php-5.2.6.tar.bz2
# cd php-5.2.6
./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/php" \
"--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs" \
"--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc" \
"--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql" \
"--with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql" \
"--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config" \
"--with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2" \
"--with-curl" \
"--with-gd=/usr/local/gd2" \
"--with-jpeg-dir" \
"--with-png-dir" \
"--with-bz2" \
"--with-freetype-dir" \
"--with-iconv-dir" \
"--with-zlib-dir " \
"--with-openssl=/usr" \
"--with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt" \
"--enable-soap" \
"--enable-gd-native-ttf" \
"--enable-ftp" \
"--enable-mbstring" \
"--enable-exif" \
"--disable-ipv6" \
"--disable-cgi" \
"--disable-cli" #禁掉ipv6,禁掉cli模式，提升速度和安全性.請根據具體需求定製相關的編譯數.
make
make install
mkdir /usr/local/php/etc
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
5)Xcache的安裝.
#tar xvf xcache-1.2.2.tar.gz
#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-xcache --enable-xcache-coverager --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config \
--enable-inline-optimization --disable-debug
#vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini (將以下內容加入php.ini最後面)
-------------------cut begin-------------------------------------------
[xcache-common]
zend_extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/xcache.so
[xcache.admin]
xcache.admin.user = "admin"
;如何生成md5密碼: echo -n "password"| md5sum
xcache.admin.pass = "035d849226a8a10be1a5e0fec1f0f3ce" #密碼爲52netseek
[xcache]
; Change xcache.size to tune the size of the opcode cache
xcache.size = 24M
xcache.shm_scheme = "mmap"
xcache.count = 4
xcache.slots = 8K
xcache.ttl = 0
xcache.gc_interval = 0
; Change xcache.var_size to adjust the size of variable cache
xcache.var_size = 8M
xcache.var_count = 1
xcache.var_slots = 8K
xcache.var_ttl = 0
xcache.var_maxttl = 0
xcache.var_gc_interval = 300
xcache.test = Off
xcache.readonly_protection = On
xcache.mmap_path = "/tmp/xcache"
xcache.coredump_directory = ""
xcache.cacher = On
xcache.stat = On
xcache.optimizer = Off
[xcache.coverager]
xcache.coverager = On
xcache.coveragedump_directory = ""
-------------------cut end---------------------------------------------
6) 安裝Zend Optimizer
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xzf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz
# cd ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64/data/
根據PHP的版本選擇，如我的版本是5.2.17，所以選擇5_2_x_comp/目錄下的ZendOptimizer.so
# cp 5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/
# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
在文件末尾添加：
[Zend]
zend_optimizer.optimization_level=1023
zend_optimizer.encoder_loader=1
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/ZendOptimizer.so"
找到extension_dir='./'
修改爲：extension_dir="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
安裝Zend Optimizer過程的最後不要選擇重啓Apache。
7) 安裝Memcached及Memcache
Linux下Memcache服務器端的安裝
服務器端主要是安裝memcache服務器端，目前的最新版本是 memcached-v1.4.6。
下載：http://memcached.org/
另外，Memcache用到了libevent這個庫用於Socket的處理，所以還需要安裝libevent，libevent的最新版本是libevent-1.3。（如果你的系統已經安裝了libevent，可以不用安裝）
官網：http://www.monkey.org/~provos/libevent/
下載：http://www.monkey.org/~provos/libevent-1.3.tar.gz
a.先安裝libevent。這個東西在配置時需要指定一個安裝路徑，即
# tar zxvf libevent-1.2.tar.gz
# cd libevent-1.2
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent
# make
# make install
測試：
# ls -al /usr/lib | grep libevent
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 11?? 12 17:38 libevent-1.2.so.1 -> libevent-1.2.so.1.0.3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 263546 11?? 12 17:38 libevent-1.2.so.1.0.3
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 454156 11?? 12 17:38 libevent.a
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 811 11?? 12 17:38 libevent.la
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 11?? 12 17:38 libevent.so -> libevent-1.2.so.1.0.3
還不錯，都安裝上了。
b.再安裝memcached，只是需要在配置時需要指定libevent的安裝路徑即
# cd /tmp
# tar zxvf memcached-1.2.0.tar.gz
# cd memcached-1.2.0
# ./configure --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent
# make
# make install
啓動Memcache的服務器端：
# /usr/local/bin/memcached -d -m 500 -u root -l 127.0.0.1 -p 12000 -c 256 -P /tmp/memcached.pid
-d選項是啓動一個守護進程，
-m是分配給Memcache使用的內存數量，單位是MB，我這裏是10MB，
-u是運行Memcache的用戶，我這裏是root，
-l是監聽的服務器IP地址，如果有多個地址的話，我這裏指定了服務器的IP地址192.168.0.200，
-p是設置Memcache監聽的端口，我這裏設置了12000，最好是1024以上的端口，
-c選項是最大運行的併發連接數，默認是1024，我這裏設置了256，按照你服務器的負載量來設定，
-P是設置保存Memcache的pid文件，我這裏是保存在 /tmp/memcached.pid，
c.安裝memcache
tar vxzf memcache-2.2.1.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.1
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-memcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-zlib-dir
make
make install
上述安裝完後會有類似這樣的提示：
Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-2007xxxx/
把php.ini中的extension_dir ="./"修改爲
extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-2007xxxx/"
添加一行來載入memcache擴展：extension=memcache.so
如果要結束Memcache進程，執行：
# kill 'cat /tmp/memcached.pid'
也可以啓動多個守護進程，不過端口不能重複
2. 整合Apache與PHP及系統初化配置.
1)整合Apache與PHP
# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
找到：
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
在該行下面添加
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
找到：
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>
將該行改爲
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php
</IfModule>
找到：
#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf (虛擬主機配置文件存放目錄.)
#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
去掉前面的"#"號，取消註釋。
注意：以上 4 個擴展配置文件中的設置請按照相關原則進行合理配置！
修改完成後保存退出。
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
2)查看確認L.A.M.P環境信息、提升 PHP 安全性
在網站根目錄放置 info.php 腳本，檢查phpinfo中的各項信息是否正確。
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
確認 PHP 能夠正常工作後，在 php.ini 中進行設置提升 PHP 安全性,禁掉危險的函數.
# vi /etc/php.ini找到：disable_functions =設置爲：phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server
3)腳本自動完成初始化配置(以上配置可以用腳本自動化完成)
#cat init_apache_php.sh
-------------------cut begin-------------------------------------------
#!/bin/bash
#Written by :NetSeek http://www.linuxtone.org
#init_httpd.conf
http_cf="/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf"
sed -i -e "s/User daemon/User www/" -i -e "s/Group daemon/Group www/" $http_cf
sed -i -e '121 s/^/#/' -i -e '122 s/^/#/' $http_cf
sed -i 's#DirectoryIndex index.html# DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.htm#/g' $http_cf
sed -i -e '374 s/^#//g' -i -e '389 s/^#//g' -i -e '392 s/^#//g' -i -e '401 s/^#//g' $http_cf
#init_php(PHP安全設置及隱藏PHP版本)
php_cf="/usr/local/lib/php.ini"
sed -i '205 s#;open_basedir =#open_basedir = /data/www/wwwroot:/tmp#g' $php_cf
sed -i '210 s#disable_functions =#disable_functions = phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server#g' $php_cf
sed -i '/expose_php/s/On/Off/' $php_cf
sed -i '/display_errors/s/On/Off/' $php_cf
-------------------cut end-------------------------------------------
三、配置虛擬主機及基本性能調優
1) 配置虛擬主機:
#vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
NameVirtualHost *:80
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [email protected]
DocumentRoot "/data/www/wwwroot/linuxtone.org"
ServerName www.linuxtone.org
ServerAlias bbs.linxutone.org
ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
CustomLog "|/usr/sbin/cronolog /data/logs/access_www.linuxtone.org.%Y%m%d" combined
</VirtualHost>
2).基本性能調優參考:(更多的調優相關文章請關注:http://bbs.linuxtone.org/index.html 性能調優相關的貼子)
#vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
Timeout 15
KeepAlive Off
MaxKeepAliveRequests 50
KeepAliveTimeout 5
UseCanonicalName Off
AccessFileName .htaccess
ServerTokens Prod
ServerSignature Off
HostnameLookups Off
#vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>
ServerLimit 2000
StartServers 10
MinSpareServers 10
MaxSpareServers 15
MaxClients 2000
MaxRequestsPerChild 10000
</IfModule>
3).Apache日誌處理相關問題彙總貼(http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-102-1-1.html )
利用awstats分析網站日誌:http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-56-1-1.html
忽略不需要的日誌配置參考具體請據據具體問題分析：
LogFormat "%{X-Forwarded-For}i %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
#下面加入如下內容:
# filter the localhost visit
SetEnvIf Remote_Addr "127\.0\.0\.1" dontlog
# filter some special directories
SetEnvIf Request_URI "^ZendPlatform.*[code]
# filter the localhost visit
SetEnvIf Remote_Addr "127\.0\.0\.1" dontlog
# filter some special directories
SetEnvIf Request_URI "^ZendPlatform.*[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI \.healthcheck\.html$ dontlog
SetEnvIf Remote_Addr "::1" dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "\.getPing.php[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "^/error\.html[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "\.gif[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "\.jpg[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "\.css[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI \.healthcheck\.html$ dontlog
SetEnvIf Remote_Addr "::1" dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "\.getPing.php[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "^/error\.html[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "\.gif[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "\.jpg[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "\.css[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
[/code]4). Apache防盜鏈(Apache防盜鏈相關問題彙總:http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-101-1-1.html )
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(www\.)?mydomain.com/.*$ [NC]
RewriteRule \.(gif|jpg)$ http://網站域名/nolink.png [R,L]
四、基本安全設置
1)iptables 封鎖相關端口(推薦讀CU白金大哥的兩小時玩轉iptables)
2)SSH全安(修改SSH端口限制來源IP登陸，或者參考http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-106-1-1.html )
3)Linux防Arp攻擊策略(http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-41-1-1.html )
4)注意(還是那句老話:安全工作從細節做起!)
五、附錄及相關介紹
1)參考文檔(感謝)：
Discuz!公司Nanu先生文章的相關鏈接:
http://bbs.linuxpk.com/thread-13325-1-2.html
http://www.discuz.net/thread-722804-1-1.html
配置全能WEB(05年文章參考):http://bbs.linuxpk.com/thread-437-1-2.html
LinuxTone.Org(Apache相關問題專題貼):http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-88-1-1.html
感謝網友eddiechen提出相關問題!
在原有的基礎上有所修正。
大綱:
一、系統安裝
二、編譯安裝基本環境
三、配置虛擬主機及基本性能調優
四、基本安全設置
五、附錄及相關介紹
一、系統安裝
1. 分區
/boot 100M左右
SWAP 物理內存的2倍(如果你的物理內存大於4G以上，分配4G即可)
/ 15G
/usr/local 20G (用於安裝軟件 )
/data 剩餘所有空間
2. 系統初始化腳本 (根據具體需求關閉不需要的服務 )
#vi init.sh
-------------------cut begin-------------------------------------------
#welcome
cat << EOF
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| === Welcome to Centos System init === |
+--------------http://www.linuxtone.org------------------------+
+----------------------Author:NetSeek--------------------------+
EOF
#disable ipv6
cat << EOF
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| === Welcome to Disable IPV6 === |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
EOF
echo "alias net-pf-10 off" >> /etc/modprobe.conf
echo "alias ipv6 off" >> /etc/modprobe.conf
/sbin/chkconfig --level 35 ip6tables off
echo "ipv6 is disabled!"
#disable selinux
sed -i '/SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
echo "selinux is disabled,you must reboot!"
#vim
sed -i "8 s/^/alias vi='vim'/" /root/.bashrc
echo 'syntax on' > /root/.vimrc
#zh_cn
sed -i -e 's/^LANG=.*/LANG="zh_CN.GB18030"/' /etc/sysconfig/i18n
#tunoff services
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cat << EOF
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| === Welcome to Tunoff services === |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
EOF
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
for i in `ls /etc/rc3.d/S*`
do
CURSRV=`echo $i|cut -c 15-`
echo $CURSRV
case $CURSRV in
crond | irqbalance | microcode_ctl | network | random | sendmail | ssh d | syslog | local | mysql d )
echo "Base services, Skip!"
;;
*)
echo "change $CURSRV to off"
chkconfig --level 235 $CURSRV off
service $CURSRV stop
;;
esac
done
-------------------cut end-------------------------------------------
#sh init.sh (執行上面保存的腳本，之後重啓)
二、編譯安裝基本環境
1. 安裝準備
1) 系統約定
軟件源代碼包存放位置 /usr/local/src
源碼包編譯安裝位置(prefix) /usr/local/software_name
腳本以及維護程序 存放位置 /usr/local/sbin
MySQL 數據庫 位置 /data/mysql/data（可按情況設置）
Apache 網站根目錄 /data/www/wwwroot（可按情況設置）
Apache 虛擬主機日誌 根目錄 /data/www/logs（可按情況設置）
Apache 運行 賬戶 www:www (useradd -d /data/www/;chown www.www /data/www/wwwroot)
2) 系統環境部署及調整
檢查系統是否正常
# tail -n100 /var/log/messages （檢查有無系統級錯誤信息）
# dmesg （檢查硬件設備是否有錯誤信息）
# ifconfig（檢查網卡設置是否正確）
# ping www.linuxtone.org （檢查網絡 是否正常）
3) 使用 yum 程序安裝所需開發包（以下爲標準的 RPM 包名稱）
#rpm --import http://mirror.centos .org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#yum install ntp vim-enhanced gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison autoconf automake bzip2-devel \
ncurses-devel zlib-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel libXpm-devel \
gettext-devel pam-devel kernel
4) 定時校正服務器 時鐘，定時與中國 國家授時中心授時服務器同步
# crontab -e
加入一行：
15 3 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 210.72.145.44 > /dev/null 2>&1
2. 編譯安裝軟件包
源碼編譯安裝所需包(Source)
1) GD2
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xvf gd-2.0.35.tar.gz
# cd gd-2.0.35
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2
# make
# make install
補充：安裝GD庫錯誤解決方法 configure.ac:64: error: possibly undefined macro: AM_ICONV
[root@xxt401 gd-2.0.35]# make install
cd . && /bin/sh /tmp/jpeg-6b/gd-2.0.35/config/missing –run aclocal-1.9 -I config
aclocal:configure.ac:64: warning: macro `AM_ICONV’ not found in library
cd . && /bin/sh /tmp/jpeg-6b/gd-2.0.35/config/missing –run automake-1.9 –foreign
cd . && /bin/sh /tmp/jpeg-6b/gd-2.0.35/config/missing –run autoconf
configure.ac:64: error: possibly undefined macro: AM_ICONV
If this token and others are legitimate, please use m4_pattern_allow.
See the Autoconf documentation.
make: *** [configure] 錯誤 1
把報錯信息“configure.ac:64: error: possibly undefined macro: AM_ICONV”拿到google裏搜索，得到“But you need to have gettext”沒有gettext這個包。
到 http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/ 下載了gettext-0.17.tar.gz
#wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.18.1.1.tar.gz
#cp /usr/lib/libattr.* /lib/ #(這個在轉載的文章裏沒說,是因爲make的時候報錯說沒有libattr.la這個文件,所以要複製過去)
#tar xzf gettext-0.17.tar.gz
#cd gettext-0.17
#./configure
#make
#make install
經過以上操作,回去安裝gd 就沒有問題了
2) LibXML2
下載地址：http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sources/libxml2
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/libxml2/2.6/libxml2-2.6.30.tar.gz
# tar xvf libxml2-2.6.29.tar.bz2
# cd libxml2-2.6.29
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2
# make
# make install
3) libxslt
下載地址：http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/libxslt/
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/libxslt/1.1/libxslt-1.1.22.tar.gz
# tar xvf libxslt-1.1.22.tar.gz
# cd libxslt-1.1.22
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxslt --with-libxml-prefix=/usr/local/libxml2
# make
# make install
4) freetype
下載地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/freetype/files/freetype2/2.4.5/
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/freetype/files/freetype2/2.4.5/freetype-2.4.5.tar.gz/download
# tar xvf freetype-2.4.5
# cd freetype-2.4.5
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetype
# make
# make install
5) LibMcrypt
下載地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcrypt/files/Libmcrypt/
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcrypt/files/Libmcrypt/2.5.8/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz/download
# tar xvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt
# make
# make install
編譯libltdl，如果沒有編譯libltdl，在編輯php時添加的“–with-mcrypt”選項可能會有如下的錯誤：
cannot find -lltdl
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [libphp5.la] Error 1
libltdl在libmcrypt軟件包中就有，具體過程：
# cd libltdl
# ./configure -enable-ltdl-install
# make
# make install
6)Curl
下載地址：http://curl.haxx.se/download/
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://curl.haxx.se/download/curl-7.21.7.tar.gz
# tar xvf curl-7.21.7.tar.gz
# cd curl-7.21.7
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/curl
# make
# make install
7) Apache日誌截斷程序
下載地址：http://cronolog.org/download/index.html
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://cronolog.org/download/cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
# tar xvf cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
# cd cronolog-1.6.2
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cronolog
# make
# make install
3. 升級OpenSSL和OpenSSH
下載地址：http://www.openssl.org/source/
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-0.9.8r.tar.gz
# tar xvf openssl-1.0.0d.tar.gz
# cd openssl-1.0.0d
# ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl
# make
# make test
# make install
# cd ..
# tar xvf openssh-5.0p1.tar.gz
# cd openssh-5.0p1
# ./configure \
"--prefix=/usr" \
"--with-pam" \
"--with-zlib" \
"--sysconfdir=/etc/ssh" \
"--with-ssl-dir=/usr/local/openssl" \
"--with-md5-passwords"
# make
# make install
1) 禁用 SSH V1 協議
找到#Protocol 2,1改爲：Protocol 2
2) 禁用服務器端GSSAPI
找到以下兩行，並將它們註釋：
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
3) 禁用 DNS 名稱解析
找到：#UseDNS yeas改爲：UseDNS no
4)禁用客戶端 GSSAPI
# vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config 找到：GSSAPIAuthentication yes 將這行註釋掉。
最後，確認修改正確後重新啓動 SSH 服務
# service sshd restart
# ssh -v
確認 OpenSSH 以及 OpenSSL 版本正確。
以上SSH配置可利用以下腳本自動修改:
-------------------cut begin-------------------------------------------
#init_ssh
ssh_cf="/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
sed -i -e '74 s/^/#/' -i -e '76 s/^/#/' $ssh_cf
sed -i "s/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/" $ssh_cf
#client
sed -i -e '44 s/^/#/' -i -e '48 s/^/#/' $ssh_cf
echo "ssh is init is ok.............."
-------------------cut end---------------------------------------------
三、編譯安裝A.M.P環境
1.下載軟件編譯安裝
1)下載軟件
# cd /usr/local/src
httpd-2.2.8.tar.gz
mysql-5.0.51b.tar.gz
php-5.2.6.tar.bz2
ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
2) 安裝MySQL
查看分析你的CPU型號:
http://gentoo-wiki.com/Safe_Cflags 查找您的GCC編譯參數.
確定系統CPU類型：
# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name"
執行後會看到系統中CPU的具體型號，記下CPU型號。
Mysql下載地址：http://www.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
# wget http://mysql.byungsoo.net/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.48.tar.gz
# tar xvf mysql-5.1.48.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.1.48
# vi mysql.sh
-------------------cut begin-------------------------------------------
CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"
CFLAGS="-march=core2 -mtune=generic -O2 -pipe"
CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/mysql" \
"--localstatedir=/data/mysql/data" \
"--with-comment=Source" \
"--with-server-suffix=-LinuxTone" \
"--with-mysqld-user=mysql" \
"--without-debug" \
"--with-big-tables" \
"--with-charset=utf8" \
"--with-collation=utf8_chinese_ci" \
"--with-extra-charsets=all" \
"--with-pthread" \
"--enable-static" \
"--enable-thread-safe-client" \
"--with-client-ldflags=-all-static" \
"--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static" \
"--enable-assembler" \
"--without-isam" \
"--without-innodb" \
"--with-plugins=all" \
"--without-ndb-debug"
make && make install
mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
useradd mysql -d /data/mysql -s /sbin/nologin
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R root:mysql .
chown -R mysql /data/mysql/data
cp share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
for i in *; do ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/$i /usr/bin/$i; done
-------------------cut end---------------------------------------------
#sh mysql.sh 即可開始編譯.
3) 編譯安裝Apache
下載地址: http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
包路徑: http://apache.etoak.com//httpd/httpd-2.2.19.tar.gz
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://apache.etoak.com//httpd/httpd-2.2.19.tar.gz
# tar xvf httpd-2.2.19.tar.gz
# cd httpd-2.2.19
./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/apache2" \
"--with-included-apr" \
"--enable-so" \
"--enable-deflate=shared" \
"--enable-expires=shared" \
"--enable-rewrite=shared" \
"--enable-static-support" \
"--disable-userdir"
make
make install
echo '/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start' >> /etc/rc.local
4.)編譯安裝PHP
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf php-5.2.6.tar.bz2
# cd php-5.2.6
./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/php" \
"--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs" \
"--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc" \
"--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql" \
"--with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql" \
"--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config" \
"--with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2" \
"--with-curl" \
"--with-gd=/usr/local/gd2" \
"--with-jpeg-dir" \
"--with-png-dir" \
"--with-bz2" \
"--with-freetype-dir" \
"--with-iconv-dir" \
"--with-zlib-dir " \
"--with-openssl=/usr" \
"--with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt" \
"--enable-soap" \
"--enable-gd-native-ttf" \
"--enable-ftp" \
"--enable-mbstring" \
"--enable-exif" \
"--disable-ipv6" \
"--disable-cgi" \
"--disable-cli" #禁掉ipv6,禁掉cli模式，提升速度和安全性.請根據具體需求定製相關的編譯數.
make
make install
mkdir /usr/local/php/etc
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
5)Xcache的安裝.
#tar xvf xcache-1.2.2.tar.gz
#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-xcache --enable-xcache-coverager --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config \
--enable-inline-optimization --disable-debug
#vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini (將以下內容加入php.ini最後面)
-------------------cut begin-------------------------------------------
[xcache-common]
zend_extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/xcache.so
[xcache.admin]
xcache.admin.user = "admin"
;如何生成md5密碼: echo -n "password"| md5sum
xcache.admin.pass = "035d849226a8a10be1a5e0fec1f0f3ce" #密碼爲52netseek
[xcache]
; Change xcache.size to tune the size of the opcode cache
xcache.size = 24M
xcache.shm_scheme = "mmap"
xcache.count = 4
xcache.slots = 8K
xcache.ttl = 0
xcache.gc_interval = 0
; Change xcache.var_size to adjust the size of variable cache
xcache.var_size = 8M
xcache.var_count = 1
xcache.var_slots = 8K
xcache.var_ttl = 0
xcache.var_maxttl = 0
xcache.var_gc_interval = 300
xcache.test = Off
xcache.readonly_protection = On
xcache.mmap_path = "/tmp/xcache"
xcache.coredump_directory = ""
xcache.cacher = On
xcache.stat = On
xcache.optimizer = Off
[xcache.coverager]
xcache.coverager = On
xcache.coveragedump_directory = ""
-------------------cut end---------------------------------------------
6) 安裝Zend Optimizer
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xzf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz
# cd ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64/data/
根據PHP的版本選擇，如我的版本是5.2.17，所以選擇5_2_x_comp/目錄下的ZendOptimizer.so
# cp 5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/
# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
在文件末尾添加：
[Zend]
zend_optimizer.optimization_level=1023
zend_optimizer.encoder_loader=1
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/ZendOptimizer.so"
找到extension_dir='./'
修改爲：extension_dir="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
安裝Zend Optimizer過程的最後不要選擇重啓Apache。
7) 安裝Memcached及Memcache
Linux下Memcache服務器端的安裝
服務器端主要是安裝memcache服務器端，目前的最新版本是 memcached-v1.4.6。
下載：http://memcached.org/
另外，Memcache用到了libevent這個庫用於Socket的處理，所以還需要安裝libevent，libevent的最新版本是libevent-1.3。（如果你的系統已經安裝了libevent，可以不用安裝）
官網：http://www.monkey.org/~provos/libevent/
下載：http://www.monkey.org/~provos/libevent-1.3.tar.gz
a.先安裝libevent。這個東西在配置時需要指定一個安裝路徑，即
# tar zxvf libevent-1.2.tar.gz
# cd libevent-1.2
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent
# make
# make install
測試：
# ls -al /usr/lib | grep libevent
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 11?? 12 17:38 libevent-1.2.so.1 -> libevent-1.2.so.1.0.3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 263546 11?? 12 17:38 libevent-1.2.so.1.0.3
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 454156 11?? 12 17:38 libevent.a
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 811 11?? 12 17:38 libevent.la
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 11?? 12 17:38 libevent.so -> libevent-1.2.so.1.0.3
還不錯，都安裝上了。
b.再安裝memcached，只是需要在配置時需要指定libevent的安裝路徑即
# cd /tmp
# tar zxvf memcached-1.2.0.tar.gz
# cd memcached-1.2.0
# ./configure --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent
# make
# make install
啓動Memcache的服務器端：
# /usr/local/bin/memcached -d -m 500 -u root -l 127.0.0.1 -p 12000 -c 256 -P /tmp/memcached.pid
-d選項是啓動一個守護進程，
-m是分配給Memcache使用的內存數量，單位是MB，我這裏是10MB，
-u是運行Memcache的用戶，我這裏是root，
-l是監聽的服務器IP地址，如果有多個地址的話，我這裏指定了服務器的IP地址192.168.0.200，
-p是設置Memcache監聽的端口，我這裏設置了12000，最好是1024以上的端口，
-c選項是最大運行的併發連接數，默認是1024，我這裏設置了256，按照你服務器的負載量來設定，
-P是設置保存Memcache的pid文件，我這裏是保存在 /tmp/memcached.pid，
c.安裝memcache
tar vxzf memcache-2.2.1.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.1
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-memcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-zlib-dir
make
make install
上述安裝完後會有類似這樣的提示：
Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-2007xxxx/
把php.ini中的extension_dir ="./"修改爲
extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-2007xxxx/"
添加一行來載入memcache擴展：extension=memcache.so
如果要結束Memcache進程，執行：
# kill 'cat /tmp/memcached.pid'
也可以啓動多個守護進程，不過端口不能重複
2. 整合Apache與PHP及系統初化配置.
1)整合Apache與PHP
# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
找到：
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
在該行下面添加
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
找到：
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>
將該行改爲
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php
</IfModule>
找到：
#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf (虛擬主機配置文件存放目錄.)
#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
去掉前面的"#"號，取消註釋。
注意：以上 4 個擴展配置文件中的設置請按照相關原則進行合理配置！
修改完成後保存退出。
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
2)查看確認L.A.M.P環境信息、提升 PHP 安全性
在網站根目錄放置 info.php 腳本，檢查phpinfo中的各項信息是否正確。
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
確認 PHP 能夠正常工作後，在 php.ini 中進行設置提升 PHP 安全性,禁掉危險的函數.
# vi /etc/php.ini找到：disable_functions =設置爲：phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server
3)腳本自動完成初始化配置(以上配置可以用腳本自動化完成)
#cat init_apache_php.sh
-------------------cut begin-------------------------------------------
#!/bin/bash
#Written by :NetSeek http://www.linuxtone.org
#init_httpd.conf
http_cf="/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf"
sed -i -e "s/User daemon/User www/" -i -e "s/Group daemon/Group www/" $http_cf
sed -i -e '121 s/^/#/' -i -e '122 s/^/#/' $http_cf
sed -i 's#DirectoryIndex index.html# DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.htm#/g' $http_cf
sed -i -e '374 s/^#//g' -i -e '389 s/^#//g' -i -e '392 s/^#//g' -i -e '401 s/^#//g' $http_cf
#init_php(PHP安全設置及隱藏PHP版本)
php_cf="/usr/local/lib/php.ini"
sed -i '205 s#;open_basedir =#open_basedir = /data/www/wwwroot:/tmp#g' $php_cf
sed -i '210 s#disable_functions =#disable_functions = phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server#g' $php_cf
sed -i '/expose_php/s/On/Off/' $php_cf
sed -i '/display_errors/s/On/Off/' $php_cf
-------------------cut end-------------------------------------------
三、配置虛擬主機及基本性能調優
1) 配置虛擬主機:
#vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
NameVirtualHost *:80
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [email protected]
DocumentRoot "/data/www/wwwroot/linuxtone.org"
ServerName www.linuxtone.org
ServerAlias bbs.linxutone.org
ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
CustomLog "|/usr/sbin/cronolog /data/logs/access_www.linuxtone.org.%Y%m%d" combined
</VirtualHost>
2).基本性能調優參考:(更多的調優相關文章請關注:http://bbs.linuxtone.org/index.html 性能調優相關的貼子)
#vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
Timeout 15
KeepAlive Off
MaxKeepAliveRequests 50
KeepAliveTimeout 5
UseCanonicalName Off
AccessFileName .htaccess
ServerTokens Prod
ServerSignature Off
HostnameLookups Off
#vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>
ServerLimit 2000
StartServers 10
MinSpareServers 10
MaxSpareServers 15
MaxClients 2000
MaxRequestsPerChild 10000
</IfModule>
3).Apache日誌處理相關問題彙總貼(http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-102-1-1.html )
利用awstats分析網站日誌:http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-56-1-1.html
忽略不需要的日誌配置參考具體請據據具體問題分析：
LogFormat "%{X-Forwarded-For}i %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
#下面加入如下內容:
# filter the localhost visit
SetEnvIf Remote_Addr "127\.0\.0\.1" dontlog
# filter some special directories
SetEnvIf Request_URI "^ZendPlatform.*[code]
# filter the localhost visit
SetEnvIf Remote_Addr "127\.0\.0\.1" dontlog
# filter some special directories
SetEnvIf Request_URI "^ZendPlatform.*[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI \.healthcheck\.html$ dontlog
SetEnvIf Remote_Addr "::1" dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "\.getPing.php[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "^/error\.html[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "\.gif[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "\.jpg[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "\.css[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI \.healthcheck\.html$ dontlog
SetEnvIf Remote_Addr "::1" dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "\.getPing.php[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "^/error\.html[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "\.gif[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "\.jpg[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
SetEnvIf Request_URI "\.css[ DISCUZ_CODE_9 ]quot; dontlog
[/code]4). Apache防盜鏈(Apache防盜鏈相關問題彙總:http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-101-1-1.html )
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(www\.)?mydomain.com/.*$ [NC]
RewriteRule \.(gif|jpg)$ http://網站域名/nolink.png [R,L]
四、基本安全設置
1)iptables 封鎖相關端口(推薦讀CU白金大哥的兩小時玩轉iptables)
2)SSH全安(修改SSH端口限制來源IP登陸，或者參考http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-106-1-1.html )
3)Linux防Arp攻擊策略(http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-41-1-1.html )
4)注意(還是那句老話:安全工作從細節做起!)
五、附錄及相關介紹
1)參考文檔(感謝)：
Discuz!公司Nanu先生文章的相關鏈接:
http://bbs.linuxpk.com/thread-13325-1-2.html
http://www.discuz.net/thread-722804-1-1.html
配置全能WEB(05年文章參考):http://bbs.linuxpk.com/thread-437-1-2.html
LinuxTone.Org(Apache相關問題專題貼):http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-88-1-1.html
感謝網友eddiechen提出相關問題!
在原有的基礎上有所修正。
