Recovery簡介
Android利用Recovery模式,進行恢復出廠設置,OTA升級,patch升級及firmware升級。
升級一般通過運行升級包中的META-INF/com/google/android/update-script腳本來執行自定義升級,腳本中是一組recovery系統能識別的UI控制,文件系統操作命令,例如write_raw_image(寫FLASH分區),copy_dir(複製目錄)。該包一般被下載至SDCARD和CACHE分區下。如果對該包內容感興趣,可以從http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.PHP?t=442480下載JF升級包來看看。
升級中還涉及到包的數字簽名,簽名方式和普通JAR文件簽名差不錯。公鑰會被硬編譯入recovery,編譯時生成在:out/target/product/XX/obj/PACKAGING/ota_keys_inc_intermediates/keys.inc
G1中的三種啓動模式
MAGIC KEY:
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camera + power:bootloader模式,ADP裏則可以使用fastboot模式
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home + power:recovery模式
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正常啓動
Bootloader正常啓動,又有三種方式,按照BCB(Bootloader Control Block, 下節介紹)中的command分類:
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command == 'boot-recovery' → 啓動recovery.img。recovery模式
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command == 'update-radio/hboot' → 更新firmware(bootloader)
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其他 → 啓動boot.img
Recovery涉及到的其他系統及文件
Recovery 工具通過NAND cache分區上的三個文件和主系統打交道。主系統(包括恢復出廠設置和OTA升級)可以寫入recovery所需的命令,讀出recovery過程中的LOG和intent。
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/cache/recovery/command: recovery命令,由主系統寫入。所有命令如下:
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--send_intent=anystring - write the text out to recovery.intent
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--update_package=root:path - verify install an OTA package file
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--wipe_data - erase user data (and cache), then reboot
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--wipe_cache - wipe cache (but not user data), then reboot
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/cache/recovery/log:recovery過程日誌,由主系統讀出
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/cache/recovery/intent:recovery輸出的intent
MISC分區內容
Bootloader Control Block (BCB) 存放recovery bootloader message。結構如下:
struct bootloader_message {
char command[32];
char recovery[1024];
};
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command可以有以下兩個值
“boot-recovery”:標示recovery正在進行,或指示bootloader應該進入recovery mode
“update-hboot/radio”:指示bootloader更新firmware
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recovery內容
“recovery\n
<recovery command>\n
<recovery command>”
其中recovery command爲CACHE:/recovery/command命令
兩種Recovery Case
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用戶選擇“恢復出廠設置”
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設置系統將"--wipe_data"命令寫入/cache/recovery/command
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系統重啓,並進入recover模式(/sbin/recovery)
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get_args() 將 "boot-recovery"和"--wipe_data"寫入BCB
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erase_root() 格式化(擦除)DATA分區
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erase_root() 格式化(擦除)CACHE分區
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finish_recovery() 擦除BCB
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重啓系統
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升級系統下載 OTA包到/cache/some-filename.zip
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升級系統寫入recovery命令"--update_package=CACHE:some-filename.zip"
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重啓,並進入recovery模式
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get_args() 將"boot-recovery" 和 "--update_package=..." 寫入BCB
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install_package() 作升級
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finish_recovery() 擦除 BCB
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** 如果安裝包失敗 ** prompt_and_wait() 等待用戶操作,選擇ALT+S或ALT+W 升級或恢復出廠設置
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main() 調用 maybe_install_firmware_update()
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如果包裏有hboot/radio的firmware則繼續,否則返回
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將 "boot-recovery" 和 "--wipe_cache" 寫入BCB
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將 firmware image寫入cache分區
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將 "update-radio/hboot" 和 "--wipe_cache" 寫入BCB
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重啓系統
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bootloader自身更新firmware
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bootloader 將 "boot-recovery" 寫入BCB
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erase_root() 擦除CACHE分區
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清除 BCB
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main() 調用 reboot() 重啓系統
Recovery模式流程
/init → init.rc → /sbin/recovery →
main():recovery.c
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ui_init():ui.c [UI initialize]
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gr_init():minui/graphics.c [set tty0 to graphic mode, open fb0]
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ev_init():minui/events.c [open /dev/input/event*]
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res_create_surface:minui/resource.c [create surfaces for all bitmaps used later, include icons, bmps]
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create 2 threads: progress/input_thread [create progress show and input event handler thread]
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get_args():recovery.c
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get_bootloader_message():bootloader.c [read mtdblock0(misc partition) 2nd page for commandline]
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check if nand misc partition has boot message. If yes, fill argc/argv.
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If no, get arguments from /cache/recovery/command, and fill argc/argv.
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set_bootloader_message():bootloader.c [set bootloader message back to mtdblock0]
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Parser argv[] filled above
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register_update_commands():commands.c [ register all commands with name and hook function ]
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registerCommand():commands.c
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Register command with name, hook, type, cookie.
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Commands, e.g: assert, delete, copy_dir, symlink, write_raw_image.
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registerFunction():commands.c
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Register function with name, hook, cookie.
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Function, e.g: get_mark, matches, getprop, file_contains
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install_package():
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translate_root_path():roots.c [ "SYSTEM:lib" and turns it into a string like "/system/lib", translate the updater.zip path ]
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mzOpenZipArchive():zip.c [ open updater.zip file (uncompass) ]
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handle_update_package():install.c
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verify_jar_signature():verifier.c [ verify signature with keys.inc key; verify manifest and zip package archive ]
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verifySignature() [ verify the signature file: CERT.sf/rsa. ]
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digestEntry():verifier.c [ get SHA-1 digest of CERT.sf file ]
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RSA_verify(public key:keys.inc, signature:CERT.rsa, CERT.sf's digest):libc/rsa.c [ Verify a 2048 bit RSA PKCS1.5 signature against an expected SHA-1 hash. Use public key to decrypt the CERT.rsa to get original SHA digest, then compare to digest of CERT.sf ]
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verifyManifest() [ Get manifest SHA1-Digest from CERT.sf. Then do digest to MANIFEST.MF. Compare them ]
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verifyArchive() [ verify all the files in update.zip with digest listed in MANIFEST.MF ]
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find_update_script():install.c [ find META-INF/com/google/android/update-script updater script ]
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handle_update_script():install.c [ read cmds from script file, and do parser, exec ]
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parseAmendScript():amend.c [ call yyparse() to parse to command ]
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exeCommandList():install.c
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exeCommand():execute.c [ call command hook function ]
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erase DATA/CACHE partition
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prompt_and_wait():recovery.c [ wait for user input: 1) reboot 2) update.zip 3) wipe data ]
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ui_key_xxx get ALT+x keys
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1) do nothing
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2) install_package('SDCARD:update.zip')
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3) erase_root() → format_root_device() DATA/CACHE
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may_install_firmware_update():firmware.c [ remember_firmware_update() is called by write_hboot/radio_image command, it stores the bootloader image to CACHE partition, and write update-hboot/radio command to MISC partition for bootloader message to let bootloader update itself after reboot ]
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set_bootloader_message()
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write_update_for_bootloader():bootloader.c [ write firmware image into CACHE partition with update_header, busyimage and failimage ]
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finish_recovery():recovery.c [ clear the recovery command and prepare to boot a (hopefully working) system, copy our log file to cache as well (for the system to read), and record any intent we were asked to communicate back to the system. ]
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reboot()
Recovery模式流程圖
以下流程圖繪製了系統從啓動加載bootloader後的行爲流程。