安裝環境:CentOS7 64位 MINI版,安裝MySQL5.7
1、配置YUM源
在MySQL官網中下載YUM源rpm安裝包:http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
# 下載mysql源安裝包
shell> wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
# 安裝mysql源
shell> yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
檢查mysql源是否安裝成功
shell> yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
看到上圖所示表示安裝成功。
可以修改vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
源,改變默認安裝的mysql版本。比如要安裝5.6版本,將5.7源的enabled=1改成enabled=0。然後再將5.6源的enabled=0改成enabled=1即可。改完之後的效果如下所示:
2、安裝MySQL
shell> yum install mysql-community-server
3、啓動MySQL服務
shell> systemctl start mysqld
查看MySQL的啓動狀態
4、開機啓動
shell> systemctl enable mysqld
shell> systemctl daemon-reload
5、修改root本地登錄密碼
mysql安裝完成之後,在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中給root生成了一個默認密碼。通過下面的方式找到root默認密碼,然後登錄mysql進行修改:
shell> grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
shell> mysql -uroot -p
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '0fEfa2wDlf(E';
或者
mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('0fEfa2wDlf(E');
注意:mysql5.7默認安裝了密碼安全檢查插件(validate_password),默認密碼檢查策略要求密碼必須包含:大小寫字母、數字和特殊符號,並且長度不能少於8位。否則會提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements錯誤,
mysql> show variables like '%password%';
validate_password_policy:密碼策略,默認爲MEDIUM策略
validate_password_dictionary_file:密碼策略文件,策略爲STRONG才需要
validate_password_length:密碼最少長度
validate_password_mixed_case_count:大小寫字符長度,至少1個
validate_password_number_count :數字至少1個
validate_password_special_char_count:特殊字符至少1個
上述參數是默認策略MEDIUM的密碼檢查規則。
共有以下幾種密碼策略:
策略 | 檢查規則 |
---|---|
0 or LOW | Length |
1 or MEDIUM | Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters |
2 or STRONG | Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file |
MySQL官網密碼策略詳細說明:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/validate-password-options-variables.html#sysvar_validate_password_policy
修改密碼策略
在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate_password_policy配置,指定密碼策略
# 選擇0(LOW),1(MEDIUM),2(STRONG)其中一種,選擇2需要提供密碼字典文件
validate_password_policy=0
如果不需要密碼策略,添加my.cnf文件中添加如下配置禁用即可:
validate_password = off
或者 執行
set global validate_password_length=4; set global validate_password_policy=0;
重新啓動mysql服務使配置生效:
systemctl restart mysqld
6、添加遠程登錄用戶
默認只允許root帳戶在本地登錄,如果要在其它機器上連接mysql,必須修改root允許遠程連接,或者添加一個允許遠程連接的帳戶,爲了安全起見,我添加一個新的帳戶:
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root' WITH GRANT OPTION;
7、配置默認編碼爲utf8
修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件,在[mysqld]下添加編碼配置,如下所示:
[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
重新啓動mysql服務,查看數據庫默認編碼
show variables like ' %character%';
默認配置文件路徑:
配置文件:/etc/my.cnf
日誌文件:/var/log//var/log/mysqld.log
服務啓動腳本:/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
socket文件:/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
參照下面調整my.cnf參數,以更適合CDH服務使用:
- [mysqld]
- datadir=/var/lib/mysql
- socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
- user=mysql
- # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
- symbolic-links=0
- transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED
- key_buffer_size = 32M
- max_allowed_packet = 32M
- thread_stack = 256K
- thread_cache_size = 64
- query_cache_limit = 8M
- query_cache_size = 64M
- query_cache_type = 1
- max_connections = 550
- #binlog_format = mixed
- read_buffer_size = 2M
- read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
- sort_buffer_size = 8M
- join_buffer_size = 8M
- # InnoDB settings
- innodb_file_per_table = 1
- innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
- innodb_log_buffer_size = 64M
- innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G
- innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
- innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
- innodb_log_file_size = 512M
- [mysqld_safe]
- log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
- pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
- sql_mode=STRICT_ALL_TABLES