作者：season

文章大綱

序言

web services 已經不再流行，但是，由於它的在接口技術中有着非常重要的地位，同時現在最主要的Web 服務設計模型REST其實也屬於web services 技術範疇。所以我們還是有必要學習一下。

其實 Web Serive 是一項不太容易講清楚技術。他的相關概念包括：

SOA Service-Oriented Architecture
Web Services
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
UDDI (Universal Description Discovery and Integration)

環境搭建

python 使用簡單，第三方庫豐富，我們搭建好環境，進行一整套web services 程序的開發。

我們使用 python 3.6 這個較新python 版本

創建conda 環境

conda create --name Web_Services python=3.6
conda activate Web_Services

導出依賴包

pip freeze > requirements.txt
conda list -e > requirements.txt

依賴包列表

# This file may be used to create an environment using:
# $ conda create --name <env> --file <this file>
# platform: win-64
certifi=2019.6.16=py36_0
lxml=4.3.4=pypi_0
pip=19.1.1=py36_0
python=3.6.8=h9f7ef89_7
pytz=2019.1=pypi_0
setuptools=41.0.1=py36_0
spyne=2.12.16=pypi_0
sqlite=3.28.0=he774522_0
suds-py3=1.3.3.0=pypi_0
vc=14.1=h0510ff6_4
vs2015_runtime=14.15.26706=h3a45250_4
wheel=0.33.4=py36_0
wincertstore=0.2=py36h7fe50ca_0

使用conda 或者pip 批量安裝

pip install -r requirements.txt
conda install --yes --file requirements.txt

但是注意，async=False ，這個參數問題在3.7版本中有問題，spyne 庫會有報錯。因爲在Python3.7裏async變成了關鍵字，關鍵字是不能做變量名的，只要把這個名字改成任意不是關鍵字的詞就好了。

服務端開發

針對Python的WebService開發，最早開發者使用最多的庫是soaplib（官方地址：http://soaplib.github.io/soaplib/2_0/index.html ），
但從其官網可知，其最新版本“soaplib-2.0.0-beta2”從2011年3月發佈後就不再進行更新了。

通過閱讀soaplib的官方文檔，可知其不再維護後已經轉向了一個新的項目：rpclib（官方地址：http://github.com/arskom/rpclib ）進行後續開發，但在rpclib的readme中，介紹了rpclib已經更名爲spyne，並將持續進行更新。

綜上，所以選用spyne進行開發了。

服務端樣例代碼:

https://github.com/arskom/spyne/blob/master/examples/helloworld_soap.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'''
@Author  :   {SEASON}
@License :   (C) Copyright 2013-2022, {OLD_IT_WANG}
@Contact :   {}
@Software:   PyCharm
@File    :   Web_Services_Test20190708 -- Web_Services
@Time    :   2019/7/11 9:03
@Desc    :

'''
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# !/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
preference:
    http://spyne.io/docs/2.10/index.html
    https://github.com/arskom/spyne/blob/master/examples/helloworld_soap.py

This is a simple HelloWorld example to show the basics of writing
a webservice using spyne, starting a server, and creating a service
client.
Here's how to call it using suds:

#>>> from suds.client import Client
#>>> hello_client = Client('http://localhost:8000/?wsdl')
#>>> hello_client.service.say_hello('punk', 5)
(stringArray){
   string[] =
      "Hello, punk",
      "Hello, punk",
      "Hello, punk",
      "Hello, punk",
      "Hello, punk",
 }
#>>>

"""
# Application is the glue between one or more service definitions, interface and protocol choices.
from spyne import Application
# @rpc decorator exposes methods as remote procedure calls
# and declares the data types it accepts and returns
from spyne import rpc
# spyne.service.ServiceBase is the base class for all service definitions.
from spyne import ServiceBase
# The names of the needed types for implementing this service should be self-explanatory.
from spyne import Iterable, Integer, Unicode

from spyne.protocol.soap import Soap11
# Our server is going to use HTTP as transport, It’s going to wrap the Application instance.
from spyne.server.wsgi import WsgiApplication


# step1: Defining a Spyne Service
class HelloWorldService(ServiceBase):
    @rpc(Unicode, Integer, _returns=Iterable(Unicode))
    def say_hello(self, name, times):
        """Docstrings for service methods appear as documentation in the wsdl.
        <b>What fun!</b>
        @param name: the name to say hello to
        @param times: the number of times to say hello
        @return  When returning an iterable, you can use any type of python iterable. Here, we chose to use generators.
        """

        for i in range(times):
            yield u'Hello, %s' % name


# step2: Glue the service definition, input and output protocols
soap_app = Application([HelloWorldService], 'spyne.examples.hello.soap',
                       in_protocol=Soap11(validator='lxml'),
                       out_protocol=Soap11())

# step3: Wrap the Spyne application with its wsgi wrapper
wsgi_app = WsgiApplication(soap_app)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import logging

    from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server

    # configure the python logger to show debugging output
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
    logging.getLogger('spyne.protocol.xml').setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

    logging.info("listening to http://127.0.0.1:8000")
    logging.info("wsdl is at: http://localhost:8000/?wsdl")

    # step4:Deploying the service using Soap via Wsgi
    # register the WSGI application as the handler to the wsgi server, and run the http server
    server = make_server('127.0.0.1', 8000, wsgi_app)
    server.serve_forever()

客戶端開發

這方面有兩個python 組件可以使用，分別是：

suds-jurko
suds-py3

suds-jurko

pip install suds-jurko

文檔
https://bitbucket.org/jurko/suds/wiki/Original%20Documentation

suds-py3

https://github.com/cackharot/suds-py3

pip3 install suds-py3

客戶端樣例代碼

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'''
@Author  :   {SEASON}
@License :   (C) Copyright 2013-2022, {OLD_IT_WANG}
@Contact :   {[email protected]}
@Software:   PyCharm
@File    :   Web_Services_Test20190708 -- test_client_suds-py3_eg
@Time    :   2019/7/11 23:45
@Desc    :

'''
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------


import sys
import os
suds_path = os.path.realpath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..'))
sys.path.append(suds_path)

from suds.client import Client

def set_log():
    import logging
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
    logging.getLogger('suds.client').setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    logging.getLogger('suds.transport').setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    # logging.getLogger('suds.xsd.schema').setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

def call_service(url):
    client = Client(url, username='bob', password='catbob')
    do_call_service(client, url)

def do_call_service(client, url):
    print("Calling: sayHello()")
    result = client.service.sayHello('Username')

    print("Result: %s" % result)
    a = 10.98
    b = 98.83
    print("Calling: add()")
    sum = client.service.add(a, b)
    print("Result: Sum of %f + %f = %f" % (a,b,sum))

    print("Calling: addDate()")
    from datetime import datetime
    import time
    inputDate = datetime.now()
    dt = client.service.addDate(inputDate, 1)
    print("Result: %s" % dt)

def test(url):
    client = Client(url)
    for p in client.sd[0].ports:
        for m, args in p[1]:
            if len(args) == 0:
                print(client.service[0][m]())

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # set_log()
    url = 'http://localhost:8000/?wsdl'
    if len(sys.argv) > 1:
        url = sys.argv[1]

    call_service(url)
    # test('http://dati.meteotrentino.it/service.asmx?WSDL')
    client1 = Client("http://127.0.0.1:8181/soap/infoservice?wsdl", username='bob', password='catbob')
    print(client1.service.getInfo("Bob"))

    # client2 = Client("http://127.0.0.1:8181/soap/infoservice?wsdl", username='bob', password='catbob')
    # print(client2.service.getInfo("Test2"))
    # 
    # client3 = Client("http://127.0.0.1:8181/soap/infoservice?wsdl", username='bob', password='catbob')
    # print(client3.service.getInfo("Test3"))

參考文獻

1.《web 接口開發與自動化測試基於Python語言》
2. https://www.cnblogs.com/guanfuchang/p/5985070.html

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使用python開發基於soap 的web services 服務

文章大綱

序言

相關概念

SOA

web services

SOAP

WSDL

UDDI

環境搭建

我們使用 python 3.6 這個較新python 版本

服務端開發

客戶端開發

suds-jurko

suds-py3

客戶端樣例代碼

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