最近遇到的問題也越來越妖了,在linux環境中使用sqlplus / as sysdba無法連接到oracle實例,如下:
[dsg@cnsvwshs0438 config]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Nov 22 22:05:31 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL>Connected to an idle instance.
一般這個都是環境變量不對引起的,所以查看當前的環境變量:
[dsg@cnsvwshs0438 config]$ env |grep ORACLE
ORACLE_SID=ncc
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/db10g
[dsg@cnsvwshs0438 config]$ ps -ef |grep pmon
dsg 8171 7788 0 22:04 pts/1 00:00:00 grep pmon
oracle 19042 1 0 2016 ? 00:39:14 ora_pmon_ncc
怎麼看也沒什麼問題啊.由於我的這個用戶是客戶幫我新建的用戶,客戶沒有幫我配置環境變量.oracle的換變量是我自己根據系統查的,其中ORACLE_SID根據pmon的進程號取出來的.ORACLE_HOME是根據/etc/oratab取出來的.而且我到相對於的ORACLE_HOME目錄下查看也是正確的啊.
一臉懵逼中...
求救於MOS,在MOS中找到一篇文檔:
| Connecting AS SYSDBA results in "Connected to idle instance", yet the database is OPEN (文檔 ID 728895.1) |
SYMPTOMS
-- Problem Statement:
On 10.2.0.1 in Production:
When attempting to connect AS SYSDBA to an open Oracle database,
the following message is received:
MESSAGE
-------------------
Connected to an idle instance.
However, the database was indeed up, running, and open.
CAUSE
The session's $ORACLE_HOME was not the same as that the instance was started with.
The Oracle instance was started with a trailing slash in $ORACLE_HOME: /opt/oracle/10gR2/
The session's $ORACLE_HOME was: /opt/oracle/10gR2 (without the trailing slash).
SOLUTION
From Note 373303.1, "How to Check the Environment Variables for an Oracle Process":
1. Determine the pid of the process at OS level, eg for the smon process:
ps -ef | grep smon
2. Get the environment of the process:
SOLARIS:
pargs -e <pid from above> | grep ORACLE
(See Note 373303.1 for syntax on other platforms.)
3. Modify ORACLE_HOME in the session environment to match this string.
Or, restart the instance using the ORACLE_HOME that matches that of the session environment.
如上,MOS很肯定的告訴我們,你的ORACLE_HOME環境變量不對,而且告訴了我們怎麼查看ORACLE運行的環境變量,見文檔:
 |
 |
How to Check the Environment Variables for an Oracle Process (文檔 ID 373303.1) |
我就直接貼過來了:
SOLUTION
1. Determine the pid of the process at OS level, eg for the smon process:
ps -ef | grep smon
2. Get the environment of the process:
SOLARIS:
pargs -e <pid from above> | grep ORACLE
LINUX:
cat /proc/<pid from above>/environ
AIX:
ps eauwww <pid from above>
HP-UX:
On this Unix flavor there is no command to grasp the process environment directly. This can only be extracted using a debugger from the _environ structure. This procedure can be used on the other Unix flavors, as follows:
gdb smon <pid from above>
This attaches gdb to the pid mentioned above. The smon name is just an indication that the process we attach to is smon, but the only parameter that matters is the pid.
After attaching to the process, the following command extracts the information from the _environ list:
p ((char**)_environ)[0]@30
which would list the first 30 environment variables. If more are defined, just increase the parameter after @.
As well, the list can be extracted one item from the list at a time, using an iterator like:
p ((char**)_environ)[i]
which would extract element #i+1.
Alternatively you can do this :
1) Create the following script called print_environment.gdb:
set $v = (char**)environ
while $v[0]
print $v[0]
set $v = $v+1
end
detach
quit
2) Get the PID of one background server process :
ps -ef | grep smon
3) Call print_environment.gdb to display the variable ( SHLIB_PATH in this case ) :
gdb -q -x print_environment.gdb a.out <pid from above> | grep SHLIB_PATH
Windows:
To get the information on Windows, 2 things are needed:
1. check the registry for the ORACLE_* keys used to start the Oracle process. These keys are in:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/Software/Oracle/HOME<x>
(before 10g)
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/ORACLE/KEY_<home name>
from 10g on.
2. check the environment variables that were used by the oracle process at startup.
For this, one would need the process explorer utility from sysinternals, which can be found at:
www.sysinternals.com
(http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb896653.aspx)
After starting the procexp utility, find the oracle process you want to check in the process list, right click on it, then select Properties. The Environment tab should indicate all the environment variables used when the process was started (even if dynamically in command line).
The utility also displays the key values from registry, but being so many it's difficult to look for them.
最後發現客戶的ORACLE_HOME環境變量爲:
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1//db10g
而我寫的ORACLE_HOME環境變量爲:
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/db10g
注意這裏我的環境變量少了一個/ 但是我查他真實的ORACLE_HOME安裝目錄應該就是我這個目錄纔對,不清楚爲何客戶oracle的環境變量爲什麼多了一個/
坑是真的深....
