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■Annotated Database (Hand, Meat, LV Cardiac, IMM face) (http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/~aam/)
■AR Face Database (http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~aleix/aleix_face_DB.html)
■BioID Face Database (http://www.bioid.com/downloads/facedb/index.php)
■Caltech Computational Vision Group Archive (Cars, Motorcycles, Airplanes, Faces, Leaves, Background) (http://www.vision.caltech.edu/html-files/archive.html)
■Carnegie Mellon Image Database (motion, stereo, face, car, ...) (http://vasc.ri.cmu.edu/idb/)
■CAS-PEAL Face Database (http://www.jdl.ac.cn/peal/index.html)
■CMU Cohn-Kanade AU-Coded Facial Expression Database (http://www.ri.cmu.edu/projects/project_421.html
■CMU Face Detection Databases (http://www.ri.cmu.edu/projects/project_419.html)
■CMU Face Expression Database (http://amp.ece.cmu.edu/projects/FaceAuthentication/download.htm)
■CMU Face Pose, Illumination, and Expression (PIE) Database (http://www.ri.cmu.edu/projects/project_418.html)
■CMU VASC Image Database (motion, road sequences, stereo, CIL’s stereo data with ground truth, JISCT, face, face expressions, car) (http://www.ius.cs.cmu.edu/idb/)
■Content-based Image Retrieval Database (http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/imagedatabase/groundtruth/)
■Face Video Database of the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics (http://vdb.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/)
■FERET Database (http://www.frvt.org/)
■FERET Color Database (http://www.itl.nist.gov/iad/humanid/colorferet/home.htmlhttp://face.nist.gov/colorferet/
)
■Georgia Tech Face Database (http://www.anefian.com/face_reco.htm)
■German Fingerspelling Database (http://www.anefian.com/face_reco.htm )
■Indian Face Database (http://www.cs.umass.edu/~vidit/IndianFaceDatabase)
■MIT-CBCL Car Database (http://cbcl.mit.edu/software-datasets/CarData.html)
■MIT-CBCL Face Recognition Database (http://cbcl.mit.edu/software-datasets/heisele/facerecognition-database.html)
■MIT-CBCL Face Databases (http://cbcl.mit.edu/software-datasets/FaceData2.html)
■MIT-CBCL Pedestrian Database (http://cbcl.mit.edu/software-datasets/PedestrianData.html)
■MIT-CBCL Street Scenes Database (http://cbcl.mit.edu/software-datasets/streetscenes/)
■NIST/Equinox Visible and Infrared Face Image Database (http://www.equinoxsensors.com/products/HID.html)
■NIST Fingerprint Data at Columbia (Link)
■ORL Database of Faces (http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/dtg/attarchive/facedatabase.html)
■Rutgers Skin Texture Database (http://www.caip.rutgers.edu/rutgers_texture/)
■The Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) Database (http://www.kasrl.org/jaffe.html
■The Ohio State University SAMPL Image Database (3D, still, motion) (http://sampl.ece.ohio-state.edu/database.htm)
■The University of Oulu Physics-Based Face Database (http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/imag/color/pbfd.html)
■UMIST Face Database (http://images.ee.umist.ac.uk/danny/database.html)
■USF Range Image Data (with ground truth) (http://marathon.csee.usf.edu/range/DataBase.html)
■Usenix Face Database (hundreds of images, several formats) (Link)
■UCI Machine Learning Repository (http://www1.ics.uci.edu/~mlearn/MLSummary.html)
■USC-SIPI Image Database (collection of digitized images) (http://sipi.usc.edu/services/database/Database.html)
■UCD VALID Database (multimodal for still face, audio, and video) (http://ee.ucd.ie/validdb/)
■UCD Color Face Image (UCFI) Database for Face Detection (http://ee.ucd.ie/~prag/)
■UCL M2VTS Multimodal Face Database (http://www.tele.ucl.ac.be/PROJECTS/M2VTS/m2fdb.html)
■Vision Image Archive at UMass (sequences, stereo, medical, indoor, outlook, road, underwater, aerial, satellite, space and more) (http://sipi.usc.edu/database/)
■Where can I find Lenna and other images? (http://www.faqs.org/faqs/compression-faq/part1/section-30.html)
■Yale Face Database (http://cvc.yale.edu/projects/yalefaces/yalefaces.html)
■Yale Face Database B (http://cvc.yale.edu/projects/yalefaces/yalefaces.html)
三、目前人臉識別領域常用的人臉數據庫主要有:
1. FERET人臉數據庫[2]
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由FERET項目創建,包含14,051張多姿態,光照的灰度人臉圖像,是人臉識別領域應用最廣泛
的人臉數據庫之一.其中的多數人是西方人,每個人所包含的人臉圖像的變化比較單一.
2. MIT人臉數據庫[4]
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由麻省理工大學媒體實驗室創建,包含16位志願者的2,592張不同姿態,光照和大小的面部圖像.
3. Yale人臉數據庫[5]
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由耶魯大學計算視覺與控制中心創建,包含15位志願者的165張圖片,包含光照,表情和姿態
的變化.
4. Yale人臉數據庫B[6]
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包含了10個人的5,850幅多姿態,多光照的圖像.其中的姿態和光照變化的圖像都是在嚴格控制
的條件下采集的,主要用於光照和姿態問題的建模與分析.由於採集人數較少,該數據庫的進一步應用受到了比較大的限制.
5. PIE人臉數據庫[7]
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由美國卡耐基梅隆大學創建,包含68位志願者的41,368張多姿態,光照和表情的面部圖像.其
中的姿態和光照變化圖像也是在嚴格控制的條件下采集的,目前已經逐漸成爲人臉識別領域的一個重
要的測試集合.
6. ORL人臉數據庫[8]
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由劍橋大學AT&T實驗室創建,包含40人共400張面部圖像,部分志願者的圖像包括了姿態,
表情和麪部飾物的變化.該人臉庫在人臉識別研究的早期經常被人們採用,但由於變化模式較少,多數系統的識別率均可以達到90%以上,因此進一步利用的價值已經不大.
7. PF01人臉數據庫[9]
由韓國浦項科技大學創建,包含103人的1,751張不同光照,姿態,表情的面部圖像,志願者以
韓國人爲主.
8. AR人臉數據庫[10]
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由西班牙巴塞羅那計算機視覺中心建立,包含116人的3,288幅圖像.採集環境中的攝像機參數,
光照環境,攝像機距離等都是嚴格控制的.
9. BANCA人臉數據庫[11]
該數據庫是歐洲BANCA計劃的一部分,包含了208人,每人12幅不同時間段的面部圖像.
10. KFDB人臉數據庫[12]
包含了1,000人,共52,000幅多姿態,多光照,多表情的面部圖像,其中姿態和光照變化的圖像
是在嚴格控制的條件下采集的.志願者以韓國人爲主.
11. MPI人臉數據庫[13]
該人臉數據庫包含了200人的頭部3維結構數據和1,400幅多姿態的人臉圖像.
12. XM2VTS人臉數據庫[14]
包含了295人在4個不同時間段的圖像和語音視頻片斷.在每個時間段,每人被記錄了2個頭部
旋轉的視頻片斷和6個語音視頻片斷.此外,其中的293人的3維模型也可得到.
四、來自：http://pics.psych.stir.ac.uk/Other_face_databases.htm
Glasgow unfamiliar face database
Three imagesof each of 303 identities, plus20 video stills for training
Meissner Caucasian andAfrican American set
Around 100 ofeach race, each neutral andsmiling. Access by email permission.
Brazillian FEIdatabase
100 of eachsex, 14 images for each atvarious angles. 640x480 pixels. Alsoincludes cropped frontalimages, smile and neutral. WIth permission, I've mirrored the main imagecollections here, since downloadfrom Brazil can be quite slow: part1 part2 part3 part4 cropped1 cropped2
Radboudface database
67 identities, each with 8 expressions:Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness,surprise, contempt, and neutral, 3gaze directions and five cameraangles. Access by request.
IndianFace database
11 images ofeach of 39 men, 22 womenfrom Indian institute of technology Kanpur,640x480 colour (not greyscale as itsays on their site).
SocialCognition and Social Neuroscience lab at Princeton
A variety ofcollections of faces, includingsome computer generated, rated on dimensionssuch as trustworthiness anddominance.
KarolinskaDirectedEmotional Faces - KDEF
70 individuals, each displaying 7different emotional expressions, each expressionbeing photographed (twice) from5 different angles.
五、來自：www.facedetection.com
BioID Face Detection Database
1521 images with human faces, recordedundernatural conditions, i.e. varying illumination and complex background. Theeyepositions have been set manually (and are included in the set) forcalculatingthe accuracy of a face detector. A formula is presented tonormalize
thedecision of a match or mismatch. This is, to my knowledge, thefirst attempt tofinally create a real test scenario with precise rules on howto calculate theaccuracy of a face detector - open for all to compare theirresults in ascientific way!
FGnet - FaceandGesture Recognition Working Group
European FGnet encourages developmentofface and gesture recognition techniques. Among other contributions worthhavinga look at, they provide resources especially useful forfacedetection/recognition. Have a look at "Benchmark Data" to accessthelist of useful
datasets!
CarnegieMellon Test Images
（1）PIE Database The CMUPose, Illumination, and Expression (PIE) database, provided by SimonBaker
（2）frontal_images test imagesfor the facedetection task, provided by Henry A. Rowley
（3）profile_images testimages forthe face detection task, provided by Henry Schneiderman
（4）facial_expressions CMU-Pittfacial expression database, provided by Jeff Cohn.
Beautycheck
Average female and male face(UniversityRegensburg, Germany) for Causes and Consequences of HumanFacialAttractiveness.
BaoFaceDatabase
Lots of face images, mostly people from Asia. Single face pictures are in the "one faces" subdirectory.
Beautycheck
Average female and male face(University Regensburg, Germany) for Causes and Consequences of HumanFacialAttractiveness.
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