postfix(MTA)
郵件系統角色
1、MUA（郵件用戶代理） mail/mutt foxmail outlook web
2、MTA（郵件傳輸代理） exchange notes sendmail postfix qmail
3、MDA（郵件分發代理 ）
郵件應用協議
1、SMTP，簡單郵件傳輸協議，TCP 25端口，加密端口465,發郵件，一般工作在郵件服務器
2、POP3，第3版郵局協議，TCP 110端口，加密端口995接收郵件
3、IMAP4，第4版因特網消息訪問協議，TCP 143端口，加密端口993
發）[email protected] ---smtp---->(sina) ---smtp-----[google] {user02} ----pop3/imap4 (收)
MUA MTA MDA 【MX】 MUA
測試郵件發送:
本機發送：
mail:(mail-->MTA(localhost:25)-->root@localhost-->/var/spool/mail/root)
# echo "123" | mail -s "a test mail" root@localhost
# sendmail a@localhost
hello,a.
test mail from sendmail.
.
網絡發送：
telnet:
telnet localhost 25 --訪問本機的郵件服務器
ehlo localhost --通告郵件服務器
mail from:root@localhost --發件人
rcpt to:a@localhost --收件人
data --郵件body
Subject:A Test Mail --主題
fdafdafdsa
fdafdfdsa
fdafdas --郵件的內容
. --結束
Postfix邏輯結構圖![]()
![]()
說明：
1、橢圓形的圖標表示postfix程序
2、黃底方形的代表postfix的投遞目錄
3、藍底方形的代表在投遞過程中postfix進程調用外部的文件
結論：
1、postfix採用模塊化設計，流水線作業。
2、postfix可以通過兩種方式來接收郵件，一個本地(sendmail)，另一個網絡(smtp)
3、有三個出口，分別是local,smtp,pipe
安裝postfix
1.如果有sendmail,需要先停掉舊的MTA
# service sendmail stop
# chkconfig sendmail off
2.安裝postfix
# yum -y install postfix
# rpm -ql postfix
/etc/pam.d/smtp.postfix --pam驗證設置，默認情況下postfix使用系統驗證
/etc/postfix --存放配置文件
/etc/postfix/access --smtp訪問控制
/etc/postfix/main.cf --主配置文件,postfix基本所有的配置都在此
/etc/postfix/master.cf --核心配置文件,實現郵件程序的調度
/sbin/ --postfix管理員命令(root)
/usr/libexec/postfix --所有用戶都能調用的命令
/var/spool/postfix --郵件投遞切換目錄
/etc/rc.d/init.d/postfix --啓動腳本
實例:
postfix(MTA smtp)+dovecot(pop3/imap)+squirrelmail(webmail)＋apache+php+bind
確認的DNS的配置(MX記錄)/主機名,把郵件服務器的首選DNS指向正確的DNS服務器
# nslookup
> set type=mx
> baidu.com
Server: 192.168.0.39
Address: 192.168.0.39#53
baidu.com mail exchanger = 5 mail.baidu.com.
配置主機名:
# hostname mail.baidu.com
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
HOSTNAME=mail.baidu.com
# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.0.16 mail.baidu.com baidu.com mail
# postconf -n
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
command_directory = /usr/sbin
config_directory = /etc/postfix
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
debug_peer_level = 2
home_mailbox = Maildir/ --郵箱的存儲格式,mailbox只有一個文件存儲郵件
html_directory = no
inet_interfaces = all
mail_owner = postfix
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix
manpage_directory = /usr/share/man
mydestination = $mydomain, localhost
mydomain = baidu.com
myhostname = mail.baidu.com
mynetworks = 192.168.0.0/24
myorigin = $mydomain
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/README_FILES
sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/samples
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix
setgid_group = postdrop
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
# service postfix restart
# chkconfig postfix on
# netstat -tnlp |grep :25 --postfix使用smtp協議
使用dovecot實現110/143收信
# yum -y install dovecot
# vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf －－讓dovecot支持明文驗證
disable_plaintext_auth = no
(error -ERR Plaintext authentication disallowed on non-secure (SSL/TLS) connections. )
# service dovecot start
# chkconfig dovecot on
netstat -tlp|grep dove
tcp 0 0 *:imaps *:* LISTEN 21275/dovecot
tcp 0 0 *:pop3s *:* LISTEN 21275/dovecot
tcp 0 0 *:pop3 *:* LISTEN 21275/dovecot
tcp 0 0 *:imap *:* LISTEN 21275/dovecot
# telnet localhost 110
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1).
Escape character is '^]'.
+OK Dovecot ready.
user mail_a --使用mail_a登錄
+OK
pass 123 --密碼
+OK Logged in.
list --列出新郵件列表
+OK 1 messages:
1 499
.
retr 1 --讀取編號爲1的那封郵件.
2、使用outlook或者foxmail圖形客戶端來收取郵件
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
測試：
本地發送 echo "hello a" | mail -s "a test mail from local" [email protected]
收信：1)$HOME/Maildir
2) telnet localhost 110 user a pass 1
網絡發送
[root@mail new]# telnet localhost 25
Trying ::1...
telnet: connect to address ::1: Connection refused
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 mail.baidu.com ESMTP Postfix
ehlo localhost
250-mail.baidu.com
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN
mail from:[email protected]
250 2.1.0 Ok
rcpt to:[email protected]
250 2.1.5 Ok
data
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
subject: a test mail
hi b!....
.
250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 513CD609B4
quit
221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.
收信
1)$HOME/Maildir
2) telnet localhost 110 user a pass 1
[root@mail new]# telnet localhost 110
Trying ::1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
+OK Dovecot ready.
user b
+OK
pass 1
+OK Logged in.
list
+OK 1 messages:
1 432
.
retr 1
+OK 432 octets
Return-Path: <[email protected]>
X-Original-To: [email protected]
Delivered-To: [email protected]
Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1])
by mail.baidu.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 513CD609B4
for <[email protected]>; Thu, 13 Jun 2013 14:16:05 +0800 (CST)
subject: a test mail
Message-Id: <[email protected]>
Date: Thu, 13 Jun 2013 14:16:05 +0800 (CST)
From: [email protected]
To: undisclosed-recipients:;
hi b!....
.
郵件系統角色
1、MUA（郵件用戶代理） mail/mutt foxmail outlook web
2、MTA（郵件傳輸代理） exchange notes sendmail postfix qmail
3、MDA（郵件分發代理 ）
郵件應用協議
1、SMTP，簡單郵件傳輸協議，TCP 25端口，加密端口465,發郵件，一般工作在郵件服務器
2、POP3，第3版郵局協議，TCP 110端口，加密端口995接收郵件
3、IMAP4，第4版因特網消息訪問協議，TCP 143端口，加密端口993
發）[email protected] ---smtp---->(sina) ---smtp-----[google] {user02} ----pop3/imap4 (收)
MUA MTA MDA 【MX】 MUA
測試郵件發送:
本機發送：
mail:(mail-->MTA(localhost:25)-->root@localhost-->/var/spool/mail/root)
# echo "123" | mail -s "a test mail" root@localhost
# sendmail a@localhost
hello,a.
test mail from sendmail.
.
網絡發送：
telnet:
telnet localhost 25 --訪問本機的郵件服務器
ehlo localhost --通告郵件服務器
mail from:root@localhost --發件人
rcpt to:a@localhost --收件人
data --郵件body
Subject:A Test Mail --主題
fdafdafdsa
fdafdfdsa
fdafdas --郵件的內容
. --結束
Postfix邏輯結構圖
說明：
1、橢圓形的圖標表示postfix程序
2、黃底方形的代表postfix的投遞目錄
3、藍底方形的代表在投遞過程中postfix進程調用外部的文件
結論：
1、postfix採用模塊化設計，流水線作業。
2、postfix可以通過兩種方式來接收郵件，一個本地(sendmail)，另一個網絡(smtp)
3、有三個出口，分別是local,smtp,pipe
安裝postfix
1.如果有sendmail,需要先停掉舊的MTA
# service sendmail stop
# chkconfig sendmail off
2.安裝postfix
# yum -y install postfix
# rpm -ql postfix
/etc/pam.d/smtp.postfix --pam驗證設置，默認情況下postfix使用系統驗證
/etc/postfix --存放配置文件
/etc/postfix/access --smtp訪問控制
/etc/postfix/main.cf --主配置文件,postfix基本所有的配置都在此
/etc/postfix/master.cf --核心配置文件,實現郵件程序的調度
/sbin/ --postfix管理員命令(root)
/usr/libexec/postfix --所有用戶都能調用的命令
/var/spool/postfix --郵件投遞切換目錄
/etc/rc.d/init.d/postfix --啓動腳本
實例:
postfix(MTA smtp)+dovecot(pop3/imap)+squirrelmail(webmail)＋apache+php+bind
確認的DNS的配置(MX記錄)/主機名,把郵件服務器的首選DNS指向正確的DNS服務器
# nslookup
> set type=mx
> baidu.com
Server: 192.168.0.39
Address: 192.168.0.39#53
baidu.com mail exchanger = 5 mail.baidu.com.
配置主機名:
# hostname mail.baidu.com
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
HOSTNAME=mail.baidu.com
# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.0.16 mail.baidu.com baidu.com mail
# postconf -n
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
command_directory = /usr/sbin
config_directory = /etc/postfix
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
debug_peer_level = 2
home_mailbox = Maildir/ --郵箱的存儲格式,mailbox只有一個文件存儲郵件
html_directory = no
inet_interfaces = all
mail_owner = postfix
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix
manpage_directory = /usr/share/man
mydestination = $mydomain, localhost
mydomain = baidu.com
myhostname = mail.baidu.com
mynetworks = 192.168.0.0/24
myorigin = $mydomain
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/README_FILES
sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/samples
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix
setgid_group = postdrop
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
# service postfix restart
# chkconfig postfix on
# netstat -tnlp |grep :25 --postfix使用smtp協議
使用dovecot實現110/143收信
# yum -y install dovecot
# vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf －－讓dovecot支持明文驗證
disable_plaintext_auth = no
(error -ERR Plaintext authentication disallowed on non-secure (SSL/TLS) connections. )
# service dovecot start
# chkconfig dovecot on
netstat -tlp|grep dove
tcp 0 0 *:imaps *:* LISTEN 21275/dovecot
tcp 0 0 *:pop3s *:* LISTEN 21275/dovecot
tcp 0 0 *:pop3 *:* LISTEN 21275/dovecot
tcp 0 0 *:imap *:* LISTEN 21275/dovecot
# telnet localhost 110
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1).
Escape character is '^]'.
+OK Dovecot ready.
user mail_a --使用mail_a登錄
+OK
pass 123 --密碼
+OK Logged in.
list --列出新郵件列表
+OK 1 messages:
1 499
.
retr 1 --讀取編號爲1的那封郵件.
2、使用outlook或者foxmail圖形客戶端來收取郵件
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
測試：
本地發送 echo "hello a" | mail -s "a test mail from local" [email protected]
收信：1)$HOME/Maildir
2) telnet localhost 110 user a pass 1
網絡發送
[root@mail new]# telnet localhost 25
Trying ::1...
telnet: connect to address ::1: Connection refused
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 mail.baidu.com ESMTP Postfix
ehlo localhost
250-mail.baidu.com
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN
mail from:[email protected]
250 2.1.0 Ok
rcpt to:[email protected]
250 2.1.5 Ok
data
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
subject: a test mail
hi b!....
.
250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 513CD609B4
quit
221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.
收信
1)$HOME/Maildir
2) telnet localhost 110 user a pass 1
[root@mail new]# telnet localhost 110
Trying ::1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
+OK Dovecot ready.
user b
+OK
pass 1
+OK Logged in.
list
+OK 1 messages:
1 432
.
retr 1
+OK 432 octets
Return-Path: <[email protected]>
X-Original-To: [email protected]
Delivered-To: [email protected]
Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1])
by mail.baidu.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 513CD609B4
for <[email protected]>; Thu, 13 Jun 2013 14:16:05 +0800 (CST)
subject: a test mail
Message-Id: <[email protected]>
Date: Thu, 13 Jun 2013 14:16:05 +0800 (CST)
From: [email protected]
To: undisclosed-recipients:;
hi b!....
.
