JavaGUI二

Java 图形界面

1. 组件

        JAVA的图形界面下有两组控件,一组是awt,一组是swing 一般都是使用swing

     1.1  标签

          (1) Label用于显示文字

                      import java.awt.Color;

                      import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JLabel;

                            public class TestGUI {

                                  public static void main(String[] args) {

                                  JFrame f = new JFrame("LoL");

                                  f.setSize(400, 300);

                                  f.setLocation(200, 200);

                                  f.setLayout(null);

                                 JLabel l = new JLabel("LOL文字");

          (2)文字颜色

                                 l.setForeground(Color.red);

                                 l.setBounds(50, 50, 280, 30);

                                      f.add(l);

                                      f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

                                      f.setVisible(true);

                                      }

                       }

 

         (3)使用JLabel显示图片

                            java GUI 显示图片是通过在label上设置图标实现的

                            import javax.swing.ImageIcon;import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JLabel;

                               public class TestGUI {

                                  public static void main(String[] args) {

                                  JFrame f = new JFrame("LoL");

                                  f.setSize(400, 300);

                                  f.setLocation(580, 200);

                                  f.setLayout(null);

                                 JLabel l = new JLabel();

                        //根据图片创建ImageIcon对象

                        ImageIcon i = new ImageIcon("e:/project/j2se/shana.png");

                        //设置ImageIcon

                              l.setIcon(i);

                      //label的大小设置为ImageIcon,否则显示不完整

                              l.setBounds(50, 50, i.getIconWidth(), i.getIconHeight());

                              f.add(l);

                              f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

                              f.setVisible(true);

                      }

}

3 按钮

JButton 普通按钮

import javax.swing.JButton;import javax.swing.JFrame;

public class TestGUI {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        JFrame f = new JFrame("LoL");

        f.setSize(400, 300);

        f.setLocation(200, 200);

        f.setLayout(null);

        JButton b = new JButton("一键秒对方基地挂");

        b.setBounds(50, 50, 280, 30);

        f.add(b);

        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        f.setVisible(true);

    }

}

4 复选框

JCheckBox 复选框

使用isSelected来获取是否选中了

import javax.swing.JCheckBox;

import javax.swing.JFrame;

public class TestGUI {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        JFrame f = new JFrame("LoL");

        f.setSize(400, 300);

        f.setLocation(580, 200);

        f.setLayout(null);

        JCheckBox bCheckBox = new JCheckBox("物理英雄");

        //设置 为 默认被选中

        bCheckBox.setSelected(true);

        bCheckBox.setBounds(50, 50, 130, 30);

        JCheckBox bCheckBox2 = new JCheckBox("魔法英雄");

        bCheckBox2.setBounds(50, 100, 130, 30);

        //判断 是否 被 选中

        System.out.println(bCheckBox2.isSelected());

        f.add(bCheckBox);

        f.add(bCheckBox2);

        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        f.setVisible(true);

    }

}

 

5单选框

JRadioButton 单选框 
使用isSelected来获取是否选中了 
为了实现只能选中一个,还需要用到ButtonGroup

import javax.swing.JCheckBox;

import javax.swing.JFrame;

import javax.swing.JRadioButton; 

public class TestGUI {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        JFrame f = new JFrame("LoL");

        f.setSize(400, 300);

        f.setLocation(580, 200);

        f.setLayout(null);

        JRadioButton b1 = new JRadioButton("物理英雄");

        // 设置 为 默认被选中

        b1.setSelected(true);

        b1.setBounds(50, 50, 130, 30);

        JRadioButton b2 = new JRadioButton("魔法 英雄");

        b2.setBounds(50, 100, 130, 30); 

        System.out.println(b2.isSelected());

        f.add(b1);

        f.add(b2);

        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        f.setVisible(true);

    }

}

6 按钮组

ButtonGroup 对按钮进行分组,把不同的按钮,放在同一个分组里 ,同一时间,只有一个 按钮 会被选中

import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JRadioButton;

public class TestGUI {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        JFrame f = new JFrame("LoL");

        f.setSize(400, 300);

        f.setLocation(580, 240);

        f.setLayout(null);

        JRadioButton b1 = new JRadioButton("物理英雄");

        b1.setSelected(true);

        b1.setBounds(50, 50, 130, 30);

        JRadioButton b2 = new JRadioButton("魔法 英雄");

        b2.setBounds(50, 100, 130, 30);

        // 按钮分组

        ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup();

        // b1b2放在 同一个 按钮分组对象里 ,这样同一时间,只有一个 按钮 会被选中

        bg.add(b1);

        bg.add(b2);

        f.add(b1);

        f.add(b2);

        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        f.setVisible(true);

    }

7 下拉框

JComboBox 下拉框 

使用getSelectedItem来获取被选中项 
使用setSelectedItem() 来指定要选中项

import javax.swing.JComboBox;import javax.swing.JFrame;

public class TestGUI {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        JFrame f = new JFrame("LoL");

        f.setSize(400, 300);

        f.setLocation(580, 240);

        f.setLayout(null);

        //下拉框出现的条目

        String[] heros = new String[] { "卡特琳娜", "库奇" };

        JComboBox cb = new JComboBox(heros);

        cb.setBounds(50, 50, 80, 30);

        f.add(cb); 

        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 

        f.setVisible(true);

    }

8 对话框

JOptionPane 用于弹出对话框

JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(f, “是否 使用外挂 ?”); 
表示询问,第一个参数是该对话框以哪个组件对齐 
JOptionPane.showInputDialog(f, “请输入yes,表明使用外挂后果自负”); 
接受用户的输入 
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(f, “你使用外挂被抓住! “); 
显示消息

mport javax.swing.JFrame;

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

public class TestGUI {

    public static void main(String[] args) { 

        JFrame f = new JFrame("LoL");

        f.setSize(400, 300);

        f.setLocation(580, 240);

        f.setLayout(null); 

        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 

        f.setVisible(true); 

        int option = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(f, "是否 使用外挂 ?");

        if (JOptionPane.OK_OPTION == option) {

            String answer = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(f, "请输入yes,表明使用外挂后果自负");

            if ("yes".equals(answer))

                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(f, "你使用外挂被抓住! 封号一年!");

        } 

    }

}

 

9 文本框

JTextField 输入框 
setText 设置文本 
getText 获取文本 
JTextField 是单行文本框,如果要输入多行数据,请使用JTextArea

tfPassword.grabFocus(); 表示让密码输入框获取焦点

import java.awt.Dimension;import java.awt.FlowLayout;

import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JLabel;import javax.swing.JTextField;

public class TestGUI {

    public static void main(String[] args) { 

        JFrame f = new JFrame("LoL");

        f.setSize(400, 300);

        f.setLocation(200, 200); 

        f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        JLabel lName = new JLabel("账号:");

        // 输入框

        JTextField tfName = new JTextField("");

        tfName.setText("请输入账号");

        tfName.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(80, 30));

        JLabel lPassword = new JLabel("密码:");

        // 输入框

        JTextField tfPassword = new JTextField("");

        tfPassword.setText("请输入密码");

        tfPassword.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(80, 30));

        f.add(lName);

        f.add(tfName);

        f.add(lPassword);

        f.add(tfPassword); 

        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        f.setVisible(true);

        tfPassword.grabFocus();

    }

}

 

10 密码框

JPasswordField 密码框 
与文本框不同,获取密码框里的内容,推荐使用getPassword,该方法会返回一个字符数组,而非字符串

import java.awt.Dimension;import java.awt.FlowLayout;

import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JLabel;import javax.swing.JPasswordField;

public class TestGUI {

    public static void main(String[] args) { 

        JFrame f = new JFrame("LoL");

        f.setSize(400, 300);

        f.setLocation(200, 200);

        f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        JLabel l = new JLabel("密码:");

        // 密码框

        JPasswordField pf = new JPasswordField("");

        pf.setText("&48kdh4@#");

        pf.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(80, 30)); 

        // 与文本框不同,获取密码框里的内容,推荐使用getPassword,该方法会返回一个字符数组,而非字符串

        char[] password = pf.getPassword();

        String p = String.valueOf(password);

        System.out.println(p); 

        f.add(l);

        f.add(pf);

        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 

        f.setVisible(true);

    }

}

 

11 文本域

JTextArea:文本域。 
和文本框JTextField不同的是,文本域可以输入多行数据 
如果要给文本域初始文本,通过\n来实现换行效果 
JTextArea通常会用到append来进行数据追加 
如果文本太长,会跑出去,可以通过setLineWrap(true) 来做到自动换行

import java.awt.Dimension;import java.awt.FlowLayout;

import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JLabel;import javax.swing.JTextArea;

public class TestGUI {

    public static void main(String[] args) { 

        JFrame f = new JFrame("LoL");

        f.setSize(400, 300);

        f.setLocation(200, 200); 

        f.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); 

        JLabel l = new JLabel("文本域:"); 

        JTextArea ta = new JTextArea();

        ta.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(200, 150));

        //\n换行符

        ta.setText("抢人头!\n抢你妹啊抢!\n");

        //追加数据

        ta.append("我去送了了了了了了了了了了了了了了了了了了了了了了了了");

        //设置自动换行

        ta.setLineWrap(true);

        f.add(l);

        f.add(ta); 

        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 

        f.setVisible(true);

    }

}

 

12 进度条

import java.awt.Dimension;import java.awt.FlowLayout;

import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JLabel;import javax.swing.JProgressBar;import javax.swing.JTextArea;

public class TestGUI {

    public static void main(String[] args) { 

        JFrame f = new JFrame("LoL");

        f.setSize(400, 300);

        f.setLocation(200, 200);

        f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        JProgressBar pb = new JProgressBar();

        //进度条最大100

        pb.setMaximum(100);

        //当前进度是50

        pb.setValue(50);

        //显示当前进度

        pb.setStringPainted(true); 

        f.add(pb); 

        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 

        f.setVisible(true);

    }

}

 

13 文件选择器

JFileChooser 表示文件选择器 
使用FileFilter用于仅选择.txt文件

fc.setFileFilter(new FileFilter() {

    public String getDescription() {

        return ".txt";

    }

    public boolean accept(File f) {

        return f.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith(".txt");

    }

});

fc.showOpenDialog(); 用于打开文件 
fc.showSaveDialog(); 用于保存文件

import java.awt.FlowLayout;import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;import java.awt.event.ActionListener;import java.io.File;

import javax.swing.JButton;import javax.swing.JFileChooser;import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JOptionPane;import javax.swing.filechooser.FileFilter;

public class TestGUI { 

    public static void main(String[] args) { 

        final JFrame f = new JFrame("LOL");

        f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        final JFileChooser fc = new JFileChooser();

        fc.setFileFilter(new FileFilter() { 

            @Override

            public String getDescription() {

                // TODO Auto-generated method stub

                return ".txt";

            }

            @Override

            public boolean accept(File f) {

                return f.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith(".txt");

            }

        });

        JButton bOpen = new JButton("打开文件"); 

        JButton bSave = new JButton("保存文件"); 

        f.add(bOpen);

        f.add(bSave); 

        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        f.setSize(250, 150);

        f.setLocationRelativeTo(null); 

        f.setVisible(true); 

        bOpen.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { 

            @Override

            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

                 int returnVal =  fc.showOpenDialog(f);

                 File file = fc.getSelectedFile();

                 if (returnVal == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {

                     JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(f, "计划打开文件:" + file.getAbsolutePath());

                 } 

            }

        });

        bSave.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

            @Override

            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

                int returnVal =  fc.showSaveDialog(f);

                File file = fc.getSelectedFile();

                if (returnVal == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {

                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(f, "计划保存到文件:" + file.getAbsolutePath());

                }

            }

        }); 

    } 

}

面板

1 基本面板

JPanel 即为基本面板 
面板和JFrame一样都是容器,不过面板一般用来充当中间容器,把组件放在面板上,然后再把面板放在窗体上。 
一旦移动一个面板,其上面的组件,就会全部统一跟着移动,采用这种方式,便于进行整体界面的设计

import java.awt.Color;import java.awt.FlowLayout;

import javax.swing.JButton;import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JPanel;

public class TestGUI {

    public static void main(String[] args) { 

        JFrame f = new JFrame("LoL");

        f.setSize(400, 300);

        f.setLocation(200, 200); 

        f.setLayout(null); 

        JPanel p1 = new JPanel();

        // 设置面板大小

        p1.setBounds(50, 50, 300, 60);

        // 设置面板背景颜色

        p1.setBackground(Color.RED); 

        // 这一句可以没有,因为JPanel默认就是采用的FlowLayout

        p1.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); 

        JButton b1 = new JButton("英雄1");

        JButton b2 = new JButton("英雄2");

        JButton b3 = new JButton("英雄3"); 

        // 把按钮加入面板

        p1.add(b1);

        p1.add(b2);

        p1.add(b3); 

        JPanel p2 = new JPanel();

        JButton b4 = new JButton("英雄4");

        JButton b5 = new JButton("英雄5");

        JButton b6 = new JButton("英雄6"); 

        p2.add(b4);

        p2.add(b5);

        p2.add(b6); 

        p2.setBackground(Color.BLUE);

        p2.setBounds(10, 150, 300, 60); 

        // 把面板加入窗口

        f.add(p1);

        f.add(p2); 

        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 

        f.setVisible(true);

    }

}

 

2 ContentPanel

JFrame上有一层面板,叫做ContentPane 
平时通过f.add()JFrame增加组件,其实是向JFrame上的 ContentPane加东西

import javax.swing.JButton;

import javax.swing.JFrame; 

public class TestGUI {

    public static void main(String[] args) { 

        JFrame f = new JFrame("LoL");

        f.setSize(400, 300);

        f.setLocation(200, 200);

        f.setLayout(null);

        JButton b = new JButton("一键秒对方基地挂");

        b.setBounds(50, 50, 280, 30); 

        f.add(b);

        // JFrame上有一层面板,叫做ContentPane

        // 平时通过f.add()JFrame增加组件,其实是向JFrame上的 ContentPane加东西

        // f.add等同于f.getContentPane().add(b);

        f.getContentPane().add(b);

        // b.getParent()获取按钮b所处于的容器

        // 打印出来可以看到,实际上是ContentPane而非JFrame

        System.out.println(b.getParent()); 

        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

         f.setVisible(true);

    }

}

3 SplitPanel

创建一个水平JSplitPane,左边是pLeft,右边是pRight

import java.awt.Color;import java.awt.FlowLayout;

import javax.swing.JButton;import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JPanel;import javax.swing.JSplitPane;

public class TestGUI {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        JFrame f = new JFrame("LoL");

        f.setSize(400, 300);

        f.setLocation(200, 200);

        f.setLayout(null);

        JPanel pLeft = new JPanel();

        pLeft.setBounds(50, 50, 300, 60); 

        pLeft.setBackground(Color.RED); 

        pLeft.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); 

        JButton b1 = new JButton("盖伦");

        JButton b2 = new JButton("提莫");

        JButton b3 = new JButton("安妮"); 

        pLeft.add(b1);

        pLeft.add(b2);

        pLeft.add(b3); 

        JPanel pRight = new JPanel();

        JButton b4 = new JButton("英雄4");

        JButton b5 = new JButton("英雄5");

        JButton b6 = new JButton("英雄6");

        pRight.add(b4);

        pRight.add(b5);

        pRight.add(b6); 

        pRight.setBackground(Color.BLUE);

        pRight.setBounds(10, 150, 300, 60); 

        // 创建一个水平JSplitPane,左边是p1,右边是p2

        JSplitPane sp = new JSplitPane(JSplitPane.HORIZONTAL_SPLIT, pLeft, pRight);

        // 设置分割条的位置

        sp.setDividerLocation(80);

        // sp当作ContentPane

        f.setContentPane(sp); 

        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        f.setVisible(true);

    }

}

 

4 JScrollPanel

使用带滚动条的面板有两种方式 
1. 在创建JScrollPane,把组件作为参数传进去

JScrollPane sp = new JScrollPane(ta);

2 希望带滚动条的面板现实其他组件的时候,调用setViewportView

sp.setViewportView(ta);

import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JScrollPane;import javax.swing.JTextArea;

public class TestGUI {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

       JFrame f = new JFrame("LoL");

        f.setSize(400, 300);

        f.setLocation(200, 200);

        f.setLayout(null);

        //准备一个文本域,在里面放很多数据

        JTextArea ta = new JTextArea();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {

            ta.append(String.valueOf(i));

        }

        //自动换行

        ta.setLineWrap(true);

        JScrollPane sp = new JScrollPane(ta); 

        f.setContentPane(sp); 

        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 

        f.setVisible(true);

    }

}

5 TabbedPanel

import java.awt.Color;

import java.awt.FlowLayout;

 

import javax.swing.ImageIcon;

import javax.swing.JButton;

import javax.swing.JFrame;

import javax.swing.JPanel;

import javax.swing.JTabbedPane; 

public class TestGUI {

    public static void main(String[] args) { 

        JFrame f = new JFrame("LoL");

        f.setSize(400, 300);

        f.setLocation(200, 200); 

        f.setLayout(null); 

        JPanel p1 = new JPanel();

        p1.setBounds(50, 50, 300, 60);

        p1.setBackground(Color.RED);

         p1.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); 

        JButton b1 = new JButton("英雄1");

        JButton b2 = new JButton("英雄2");

        JButton b3 = new JButton("英雄3");

        p1.add(b1);

        p1.add(b2);

        p1.add(b3);

        JPanel p2 = new JPanel();

        JButton b4 = new JButton("英雄4");

        JButton b5 = new JButton("英雄5");

        JButton b6 = new JButton("英雄6");

        p2.add(b4);

        p2.add(b5);

        p2.add(b6); 

        p2.setBackground(Color.BLUE);

        p2.setBounds(10, 150, 300, 60);

        JTabbedPane tp = new JTabbedPane();

        tp.add(p1);

        tp.add(p2);

        // 设置tab的标题

        tp.setTitleAt(0, "红色tab");

        tp.setTitleAt(1, "蓝色tab");

        ImageIcon i = new ImageIcon("e:/project/j2se/j.png");

        tp.setIconAt(0,i );

        tp.setIconAt(1,i );

        f.setContentPane(tp); 

        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        f.setVisible(true);

    }

}

 

6 CardLayerout

CardLayerout 布局器 很像TTabbedPanel ,在本例里面上面是一个下拉框,下面是一个CardLayerout JPanel 
这个JPanel里有两个面板,可以通过CardLayerout方便的切换

import  java.awt.BorderLayout;

import  java.awt.CardLayout;

import java.awt.event.ItemEvent;

import java.awt.event.ItemListener;

import javax.swing.JButton;

import javax.swing.JComboBox;

import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JPanel;

import javax.swing.JTextField;

public class TestGUI {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        JFrame f = new JFrame("CardLayerout"); 

        JPanel comboBoxPane = new JPanel();

        String buttonPanel = "按钮面板";

        String inputPanel = "输入框面板";

        String comboBoxItems[] = { buttonPanel, inputPanel };

        JComboBox<String> cb = new JComboBox<>(comboBoxItems);

        comboBoxPane.add(cb);

        // 两个Panel充当卡片

        JPanel card1 = new JPanel();

        card1.add(new JButton("按钮 1"));

        card1.add(new JButton("按钮 2"));

        card1.add(new JButton("按钮 3"));

        JPanel card2 = new JPanel();

        card2.add(new JTextField("输入框", 20));

        JPanel cards; // a panel that uses CardLayout

        cards = new JPanel(new CardLayout());

        cards.add(card1, buttonPanel);

        cards.add(card2, inputPanel); 

        f.add(comboBoxPane, BorderLayout.NORTH);

        f.add(cards, BorderLayout.CENTER); 

        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        f.setSize(250, 150);

        f.setLocationRelativeTo(null);

        f.setVisible(true); 

        cb.addItemListener(new ItemListener() { 

            @Override

            public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent evt) {

                CardLayout cl = (CardLayout) (cards.getLayout());

                cl.show(cards, (String) evt.getItem());

            }

        });     

    } 

}

 

 

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