數據庫版本：11.2.0.3 RAC
操作系統：red hat 5
問題：起初客戶端連接不上實例1，後來檢查後，最終重啓了服務器，也沒找到問題原因，但是今天下午的時候，發現實例1連接不上了，
後來經過查看，發現實例1沒啓動，然後登錄sqlplus，啓動實例1報錯：
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
ORA-01565: error in identifying file '+DATA/gzwlfp/spfilegzwlfp.ora'
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:2 Failed to open file +DATA/gzwlfp/spfilegzwlfp.ora
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27123: unable to attach to shared memory segment
Linux-x86_64 Error: 13: Permission denied
經過從網上搜索方法，解決了，解決方法如下：
Symptoms
1. When attempting to startup database,the following error occurs.（類似下面的報錯會出現）
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
ORA-01565: error in identifying file '+DATA1/orcl/spfileorcl.ora'
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:2 Failed to open file +DATA1/orcl/spfileorcl.ora
ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact
2. DB alert log:
ERROR: Failed to connect with connect string: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)(PROGRAM=/opt/11.2.0/grid/bin/oracle)(ARGV0=oracle+ASM_pmon_orcl)(ENVS='ORACLE_HOME=/opt/11.2.0/grid,ORACLE_SID=+ASM')(ARGS='(DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))'))(enable=setuser))
WARNING: ASM communication error: op 0 state 0x0 (15055)
ERROR: direct connection failure with ASM
NOTE: Deferred communication with ASM instance
Errors in file /opt/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_pmon_26924.trc:
ORA-15055: unable to connect to ASM instance
ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact
3. ASM instance and required diskgroups are online and no error in ASM alert:
crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA1.dg ONLINE ONLINE prod
ora.DATA2.dg ONLINE ONLINE prod
ora.asm ONLINE ONLINE prod Started
Cause
The issue is caused by incorrect permission of $GRID_HOME/bin/oracle and $ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle, which lead to connection failure to ASM instance:
查看兩個實例的文件權限確認不一樣
ls -al $GRID_HOME/bin/oracle
-rwxr-x--x 1 grid oinstall 200678464 Feb 28 14:54 oracle
ls -al $ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle
-rwxr-x--x 1 oracle asmadmin 228886191 Feb 28 15:41 oracle
Solution
Oracle binary should have permission of 6751. To correct the permission, as owner of oracle binary:
後來修改正確的權限：
cd $GRID_HOME/bin
chmod 6751 oracle
cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
chmod 6751 oracle
After the change, permission should show:
ls -l oracle
-rwsr-s--x 1 grid oinstall 152400480 Nov 24 15:49 oracle
修改完成後，重新startup實例1，問題解決。
Once the permission is fixed, if database still fails to come up, restart Grid Infrastructure.
不知道爲什麼這個的權限變了，貌似也沒有人更改。
