一. 配置文件的存儲位置
這些變量可以被存儲在三個不同的位置:
1./etc/gitconfig 文件:包含了適用於系統所有用戶和所有庫的值。如果你傳遞參數選項’–system’ 給 git config,它將明確的讀和寫這個文件。
2.~/.gitconfig 文件 :具體到你的用戶。你可以通過傳遞–global 選項使Git 讀或寫這個特定的文件。
3.位於git目錄的config文件 (也就是 .git/config) :無論你當前在用的庫是什麼,特定指向該單一的庫。每個級別重寫前一個級別的值。因此,在.git/config中的值覆蓋了在/etc/gitconfig中的同一個值。
二.配置你的用戶名和密碼
當你安裝Git後首先要做的事情是設置你的用戶名稱和e-mail地址。這是非常重要的,因爲每次Git提交都會使用該信息。它被永遠的嵌入到了你的提交中:
- git config --global user.name "wirelessqa" </span></span></li><li class=""><span> git config –global user.email [email protected]
$ git config --global user.name "wirelessqa"
$ git config --global user.email [email protected]
重申一遍,你只需要做一次這個設置。如果你傳遞了 –global 選項,因爲Git將總是會使用該信息來處理你在系統中所做的一切操作。如果你希望在一個特定的項目中使用不同的名稱或e-mail地址,你可以在該項目中運行該命令而不要–global選項。
三.配置你的編緝器
你的標識已經設置,你可以配置你的缺省文本編輯器,Git在需要你輸入一些消息時會使用該文本編輯器。缺省情況下,Git使用你的系統的缺省編輯器,這通常可能是vi 或者 vim。如果你想使用一個不同的文本編輯器,例如Emacs,你可以做如下操作:
- git config --global core.editor emacs </span></span></li></ol><div style="display: none;" class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets_01.png"></a></div></div><pre style="display: none;" name="code" class="html"> git config –global core.editor emacs
四.配置你的比較工具
另外一個你可能需要配置的有用的選項是缺省的比較工具它用來解決合併時的衝突。例如,你想使用vimdiff:
- git config --global merge.tool vimdiff </span></span></li></ol><div style="display: none;" class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets_01.png"></a></div></div><pre style="display: none;" name="code" class="html"> git config –global merge.tool vimdiff
Git可以接受kdiff3, tkdiff, meld, xxdiff, emerge, vimdiff, gvimdiff, ecmerge, 和 opendiff作爲有效的合併工具。你也可以設置一個客戶化的工具;
五.檢查你的配置
如果你想檢查你的設置,你可以使用 git config –list 命令來列出Git可以在該處找到的所有的設置:
- git config --list </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="attribute">user.name</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">wirelessqa</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="attribute">user.email</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">wirelessqa</span><span>[email protected] </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="attribute">color.status</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">auto</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="attribute">color.branch</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">auto</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="attribute">color.interactive</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">auto</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="attribute">color.diff</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">auto</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> ... </span></li></ol><div style="display: none;" class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre style="display: none;" name="code" class="html"> git config –list
user.name=wirelessqa
[email protected]
color.status=auto
color.branch=auto
color.interactive=auto
color.diff=auto
…
你可能會看到一個關鍵字出現多次,這是因爲Git從不同的文件中(例如:/etc/gitconfig以及~/.gitconfig)讀取相同的關鍵字。 在這種情況下,對每個唯一的關鍵字,Git使用最後的那個值。
你也可以查看Git認爲的一個特定的關鍵字目前的值,使用如下命令 git config {key}:
- git config user.name </span></span></li><li class=""><span>wirelessqa </span></li></ol><div style="display: none;" class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets_01.png"></a></div></div><pre style="display: none;" name="code" class="html"> git config user.name
wirelessqa
六.獲取幫助
如果當你在使用Git時需要幫助,有三種方法可以獲得任何git命令的手冊頁(manpage)幫助信息:
- git help </span><span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">verb</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> git <verb> –help
- man git-<span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">verb</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></li></ol><div style="display: none;" class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre style="display: none;" name="code" class="html"> git help <verb>
git<verb>–help man git-<verb>
例如,你可以運行如下命令獲取對config命令的手冊頁幫助:
document.getElementById("bdshell_js").src = "http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/js/shell_v2.js?cdnversion=" + Math.ceil(new Date()/3600000)- git help config </span></span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre style="display: none;" name="code" class="html"> git help config
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- git help config </span></span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre style="display: none;" name="code" class="html"> git help config
- git config user.name </span></span></li><li class=""><span>wirelessqa </span></li></ol><div style="display: none;" class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets_01.png"></a></div></div><pre style="display: none;" name="code" class="html"> git config user.name
wirelessqa
- git config --list </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="attribute">user.name</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">wirelessqa</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="attribute">user.email</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">wirelessqa</span><span>[email protected] </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="attribute">color.status</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">auto</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="attribute">color.branch</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">auto</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="attribute">color.interactive</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">auto</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="attribute">color.diff</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">auto</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> ... </span></li></ol><div style="display: none;" class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre style="display: none;" name="code" class="html"> git config –list
user.name=wirelessqa
[email protected]
color.status=auto
color.branch=auto
color.interactive=auto
color.diff=auto
…
- git config --global merge.tool vimdiff </span></span></li></ol><div style="display: none;" class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets_01.png"></a></div></div><pre style="display: none;" name="code" class="html"> git config –global merge.tool vimdiff