RMAN 異機複製數據庫

關於RMAN 複製的理論知識，參考我的Blog：

RMAN 複製目標數據庫的理論知識

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/07/19/5746812.aspx

RMAN 異機複製和同機複製操作步驟是一樣的，不同的是我們需要把備份的文件copy到輔助庫上去，而且位置要和目標庫上一直，因爲備份集的位置是寫在控制文件裏的。

RMAN 同機複製數據庫

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/07/19/5747442.aspx

實驗平臺： REDHAT linux 4.7 + oracle 10g

目標庫信息：

ORACLE_BASE: /u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

ORACLE_SID：orcl

IP: 192.168.1.20

輔助庫信息：

ORACLE_BASE: /u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

ORACLE_SID：orcl

IP: 192.168.1.21

我們以實例名相同的爲例，實例名不同也一樣，在pfile裏修改對應參數就可以了。

步驟如下：

（1）構建輔助數據庫目錄結構

（2）創建pfile，並複製到輔助數據庫，修改相關內容

（3）創建輔助實例口令文件

（4）RMAN 備份源庫

（5）添加配置監聽

（6）將源庫備份文件拷貝到輔助庫相同位置

（7）用pfile文件，將輔助數據庫啓動到nomount 狀態

（8）執行RMAN duplicate命令複製數據庫

（9）創建spfile文件

（10）在磁帶上恢復備份

（11）使用DBNEWID程序生成新的DBID

一．構建輔助數據庫目錄結構

1.1 Oracle data 目錄

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir oradata

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls

oradata oraInventory product

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd oradata/

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir orcl

1.2 其他目錄

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir admin

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls

admin oradata oraInventory product

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd admin

[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls

[oracle@localhost admin]$ mkdir orcl

[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls

orcl

[oracle@localhost admin]$ cd orcl

[oracle@localhost orcl]$ mkdir adump

[oracle@localhost orcl]$ mkdir bdump

[oracle@localhost orcl]$ mkdir cdump

[oracle@localhost orcl]$ mkdir dpdump

[oracle@localhost orcl]$ mkdir pfile

[oracle@localhost orcl]$ mkdir udump

[oracle@localhost orcl]$ ls

adump bdump cdump dpdump pfile udump

二．創建pfile，複製到輔助數據庫，並修改相關參數

2.1 在源庫上創建pfile 文件

SQL> conn sys/admin@orcl as sysdba;

Connected.

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

File created.

2.2 用scp 命令將pfile 文件傳到輔助庫。要放在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目錄下，不然ORACLE 不識別。

[oracle@db1 orcl]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs

[oracle@db1 dbs]$ ls

hc_DAVE.dat initdw.ora lkDAVE orapworcl spfileorcl.ora

hc_orcl.dat init.ora lkORCL snapcf_orcl.f

initDAVE.ora initorcl.ora orapwDAVE spfileDAVE.ora

[oracle@db1 dbs]$ scp initorcl.ora 192.168.1.21:/$ORACLE_HOME/dbs

The authenticity of host '192.168.1.21 (192.168.1.21)' can't be established.

RSA key fingerprint is 1a:20:7a:05:bd:e0:ac:04:21:02:b1:72:01:69:40:d6.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.21' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.

[email protected]'s password:

initorcl.ora 100% 1108 1.1KB/s 00:00

2.3 在輔助庫上確認文件是否傳送過來

[oracle@localhost orcl]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls

initdw.ora init.ora initorcl.ora

2.4 在輔助庫上修改pfile參數

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ more initorcl.ora

orcl.__db_cache_size=167772160

orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304

orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304

orcl.__shared_pool_size=62914560

orcl.__streams_pool_size=0

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'

*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'

*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'

*.control_file_record_keep_time=14

*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/or

adata/orcl/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'

*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16

*.db_name='orcl'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'

*.job_queue_processes=10

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archivelog'

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=81788928

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.sga_target=246415360

*.undo_management='AUTO'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'

說明，在這裏我沒有做修改，因爲我異機複製實例名相同，存儲位置也相同。如果說你複製的不同的話，就需要修改相關的實例名。如果存儲位置不同的話，還需要添加以下參數，對數據文件位置進行轉換。

db_file_name_convert = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE')

三．創建輔助實例ORCL 的口令文件

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin

[oracle@localhost bin]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl password=admin

[oracle@localhost bin]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls

initdw.ora init.ora initorcl.ora orapworcl

windows下oracle默認的位置是$ORACLE_HOME/database目錄，文件名格式是pwdSID.ora。

linux下oracle默認的位置是$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目錄，文件名格式是orapwSID。

創建完後，數據庫需要重啓動，新的口令文件才能生效。

關於口令文件創建，詳細內容參考blog：

Oracle OS認證口令文件密碼丟失處理

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2009/10/20/4698293.aspx

四．RMAN 備份源庫（orcl）

[oracle@db1 backup]$ rman target sys/admin@orcl

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Jul 18 18:26:16 2010

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1248423599)

RMAN>RUN {

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

BACKUP FORMAT '/u02/backup/orcl_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 DATABASE TAG orcl_hot_db_bk;

sql 'alter system archive log current';

BACKUP FORMAT '/u02/backup/arch_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;

backup current controlfile tag='bak_ctlfile' format='/u02/backup/ctl_file_%U_%T';

backup spfile tag='spfile' format='/u02/backup/ORCL_spfile_%U_%T';

release channel c2;

release channel c1;

}

備份腳本，具體參考：

Linux 平臺下 RMAN 全備和增量備份 shell 腳本

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/07/16/5740630.aspx

五．添加，配置監聽

5.1 在輔助庫的Listener.ora 文件中，添加如下內容

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(SID_NAME = orcl)

)

5.2 修改輔助庫的tnsnames.ora 文件，添加如下內容

TARGETORCL =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.20)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

ORCL =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

5.3 修改源庫的tnsnames.ora 文件，添加如下內容：

AUXORCL =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.21)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

建議使用net manager 工具從界面來修改，這樣不容易出錯

Oracle 數據庫監聽配置

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2009/11/25/4861572.aspx

Oracle Listener 動態註冊與靜態註冊

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/04/30/5543166.aspx

六．將源庫的備份拷貝到輔助數據庫的相同位置

這裏有兩種方法，一種直接在輔助庫上建相同的目錄結構，在用SCP 命令把這些備份文件copy過去，但是這樣會佔用大量的網絡資源。還有一種就是建好目錄結構後用NFS直接Mount上去。在這裏我們用後面一種方法試一下。

6.1 在輔助庫上建相同的備份目錄結構

因爲我們在源庫上備份是備份到/u02/backup目錄中的，所以我們在輔助庫上也建這個目錄

[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /u02/backup

[root@localhost /]# chown oracle /u02

[root@localhost /]# chmod 777 /u02

6.2 將源庫的備份掛載到輔助庫上

6.2.1 在源庫上將/u02/backup 目錄添加到共享

[root@db1 ~]# more /etc/exports

/u02/backup 192.168.1.21(rw,async,anonuid=65534,anongid=65534)

[root@db1 ~]# service nfs start

6.2.2 在輔助庫上掛載源庫的目錄，注意，mount命令必須以root用戶執行

[root@localhost /]# mount -t nfs -o rw,bg,hard,nointr,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,tcp,vers=3,timeo=600,actimeo=0

10.85.10.1:/u02/backup /u02/backup

-- 注意：在掛載NFS的時候，一定要加上-t -o 參數，不然在RMAN 複製的時候會報錯：

--ORA-27054: NFS file system where the file is created or resides is not mounted with correct options

[root@localhost /]# cd /u02/backup/

[root@localhost backup]# ls

arch_3klj4676_1_1_20100718 orcl_3hlj45vf_1_1_20100718

arch_3llj4676_1_1_20100718 orcl_3ilj465c_1_1_20100718

ctl_file_3mlj467h_1_1_20100718 orcl_3jlj4661_1_1_20100718

orcl_3glj45vf_1_1_20100718 ORCL_spfile_3nlj467k_1_1_20100718

七．啓動輔助庫至nomount 狀態，注意使用pfile參數啓動

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jul 20 03:53:53 2010

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount pfile=?/dbs/initorcl.ora

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 247463936 bytes

Fixed Size 1218772 bytes

Variable Size 79693612 bytes

Database Buffers 163577856 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

SQL> exit -- 啓動後就退出session，因爲在duplicata的時候不能有session連接

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

八． RMAN 連接到目標實例和輔助實例，運行duplicate 命令複製數據庫

[oracle@db1 ~]$ rman target sys/admin@orcl auxiliary sys/admin@auxorcl;

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Jul 18 20:41:19 2010

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1248423599)

connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database to ORCL nofilenamecheck

2> logfile

3> '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.dbf' size 50m,

4> '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.dbf' size 50m,

5> '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.dbf' size 50m;

注：這個地方有2個地方需要說明：

（1） Nofilenamecheck 參數：

如果在複製時，位置不同時，我們會用參數db_file_name_convert 對文件位置進行轉換。但是在這個複製示例中我們用的是相同的位置。所以這裏必須加上nofilenamecheck參數。該參數通知複製操作不必在執行還原操作前確認文件名是不同的。如果沒有指定nofilenamecheck參數，rman會給出如下錯誤：

RMAN-05001: auxiliary filename /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf conflicts with a file used by the target database

RMAN-05001: auxiliary filename /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf conflicts with a file used by the target database

（2） logfile 參數：

在完成複製進程並執行最有一條open resetlogs命令時，RMAN 必須爲輔助數據庫構建全新的日誌文件。如上面命令所示，我們可以在duplicate 命令中指定logfile參數，並指定使用的日誌文件的大小，數目和位置。

還可以在pfile裏指定log_file_name_convert 參數來進行轉換。這種方法相對而言要簡單一點。但因爲我們在RMAN 同機複製數據庫的例子中用的就是這種方法，所以就換種方法來測試。

Starting Duplicate Db at 18-JUL-10

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK

contents of Memory Script:

{

set until scn 733545;

set newname for datafile 1 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 2 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 3 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 4 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 5 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf";

restore

check readonly

clone database ;

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting restore at 18-JUL-10

using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore -- 開始restore 數據文件

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/backup/orcl_3plj4ejl_1_1_20100718

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/u02/backup/orcl_3plj4ejl_1_1_20100718 tag=ORCL_HOT_DB_BK

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:48

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/backup/orcl_3olj4ejk_1_1_20100718

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/u02/backup/orcl_3olj4ejk_1_1_20100718 tag=ORCL_HOT_DB_BK

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:14

Finished restore at 18-JUL-10

sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG

-- 創建源庫的控制文件，然後根據這個文件進行相關的恢復

MAXLOGFILES 16

MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 8

MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.dbf' SIZE 50 M ,

GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.dbf' SIZE 50 M ,

GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.dbf' SIZE 50 M

DATAFILE

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'

CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1

contents of Memory Script:

{

switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

released channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=1 stamp=724831148 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=2 stamp=724831148 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=3 stamp=724831148 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

datafile 5 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=4 stamp=724831148 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf

contents of Memory Script:

{

set until scn 733545;

recover

clone database

delete archivelog ;

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

Starting recover at 18-JUL-10

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK

starting media recovery

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring archive log

archive log thread=1 sequence=46

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/backup/arch_3tlj4er7_1_1_20100718

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/u02/backup/arch_3tlj4er7_1_1_20100718 tag=TAG20100718T205809

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring archive log

archive log thread=1 sequence=45

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/backup/arch_3slj4er7_1_1_20100718

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/u02/backup/arch_3slj4er7_1_1_20100718 tag=TAG20100718T205809

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

archive log filename=/u01/archivelog/1_45_720642866.dbf thread=1 sequence=45

channel clone_default: deleting archive log(s)

archive log filename=/u01/archivelog/1_45_720642866.dbf recid=2 stamp=724831155

archive log filename=/u01/archivelog/1_46_720642866.dbf thread=1 sequence=46

channel clone_default: deleting archive log(s)

archive log filename=/u01/archivelog/1_46_720642866.dbf recid=1 stamp=724831153

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

Finished recover at 18-JUL-10

contents of Memory Script:

{

shutdown clone;

startup clone nomount ;

-- 如果此時，輔助實例上有session連在上面，將一直等到session退出才能執行，如果等了很長時間還沒有執行，不妨檢查一下，有沒有session連在數據庫上。

}

executing Memory Script

database dismounted

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 247463936 bytes

Fixed Size 1218772 bytes

Variable Size 79693612 bytes

Database Buffers 163577856 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG

-- 創建新的控制文件

MAXLOGFILES 16

MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 8

MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.dbf' SIZE 50 M ,

GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.dbf' SIZE 50 M ,

GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.dbf' SIZE 50 M

DATAFILE

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'

CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1

contents of Memory Script:

{

set newname for tempfile 1 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf";

switch clone tempfile all;

catalog clone datafilecopy "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf";

catalog clone datafilecopy "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf";

catalog clone datafilecopy "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";

catalog clone datafilecopy "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf";

switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed temporary file 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf in control file

cataloged datafile copy datafile copy filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf recid=1 stamp=724831185

cataloged datafile copy datafile copy filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf recid=2 stamp=724831186

cataloged datafile copy datafile copy filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf recid=3 stamp=724831186

cataloged datafile copy datafile copy filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf recid=4 stamp=724831186

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=1 stamp=724831185 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=2 stamp=724831186 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=3 stamp=724831186 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

datafile 5 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=4 stamp=724831186 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf

contents of Memory Script:

{

Alter clone database open resetlogs;

}

executing Memory Script

database opened

Finished Duplicate Db at 18-JUL-10

九．創建spfile，並驗證數據庫

通過上面8步的操作，複製操作已經完成。我們現在創建一個spfile。

SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora';

File created.

SQL> select name from v$database;

NAME

---------

ORCL

SQL> select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files;

TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME

------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------

SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

EXAMPLE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf

十．在遠程服務器上複製磁帶備份

如果在遠程服務器上複製磁帶備份，必須配置輔助通道，以反映介質管理器的需求。除了指定介質管理器和用於常規通道的類或池外，還必須指定目標客戶端名稱，如下所示：

RMAN> configure auxiliary channel 1 device type sbt parms="env=(nb_ora_serv=db1,nb_ora_client=db2)";

十一．使用DBNEWID 適用程序的不完全複製

複製時最令人不滿意的一點是不存在"可重啓的複製"，也就是說，如果在執行還原所有文件的步驟（複製進程中最常出錯）時出錯。比如在恢復操作期間出錯，就必須再次重啓複製進程並重新還原文件。我們無法修復複製進程（如使丟失的歸檔日誌可用），只能重新開始整個過程。

將resote optimization 選項設置爲on， rman 就不會在還原位置中再次還原具有相同數據文件頭SCN信息文件。這也適合用於複製操作。如果複製操作還原一個文件，然後重新啓動該複製操作，RMAN 將不會再次還原該文件。然後，如果將一個歸檔日誌應用於該文件，則會再次還原該歸檔日誌。

在Oracle 10g中，使用DBNEWID使用程序可以部分修復恢復進程，這個使用程序以安全和可控的方式爲複製的數據庫指定新的DBID。我們可以手工恢復複製的數據庫，準備所有元素，然後再次運行DBNEWID實用程序完成由複製操作啓動的進程。這就允許我們至少可以手工完成複製操作。

DBNEWID 使用程序的用法很簡單。首先，必須確認在使用實用程序前生成了有效的備份，儘管要執行驗證備份的進程，但是在修改DBID期間仍然可能會遇到不可恢復的錯誤。確認備份有效後，還必須在一致的狀態中關閉數據庫，然後將數據庫切換回加載狀態。

使用示例如下：

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 247463936 bytes

Fixed Size 1218772 bytes

Variable Size 79693612 bytes

Database Buffers 163577856 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> !

[oracle@localhost u01]$ nid target=/

DBNEWID: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jul 20 07:20:37 2010

Connected to database ORCL (DBID=1252611919)

Connected to server version 10.2.0

Control Files in database:

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl

Change database ID of database ORCL? (Y/[N]) => y

Proceeding with operation

Changing database ID from 1252611919 to 1252672326

Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl - modified

Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl - modified

Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl - modified

Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf - dbid changed

Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf - dbid changed

Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf - dbid changed

Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf - dbid changed

Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf - dbid changed

Datafile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf - dbid changed

Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl - dbid changed

Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl - dbid changed

Control File /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl - dbid changed

Instance shut down

Database ID for database ORCL changed to 1252672326.

All previous backups and archived redo logs for this database are unusable.

Database is not aware of previous backups and archived logs in Recovery Area.

Database has been shutdown, open database with RESETLOGS option.

Succesfully changed database ID.

DBNEWID - Completed succesfully.

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