1. 查看各資源狀態(nodeapps節點應用程序，ASM實例，數據庫實例等)：
[root@rac01 u01]# su - grid
[grid@rac01 ~]$ crs_stat -t (命令兼容10g)
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora....VOTE.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora.ORADATA.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora....LASH.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora.asm ora.asm.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora.eons ora.eons.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora.gsd ora.gsd.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....network ora....rk.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora.oc4j ora.oc4j.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.ons ora.ons.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora....01.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora.rac01.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac01.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora.rac01.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac02
ora....02.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac02
ora.rac02.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac02.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac02
ora.rac02.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac02
ora.racdb.db ora....se.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora....ry.acfs ora....fs.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora.scan1.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
在11g R2中，默認 oc4j和gsd資源是 disable 的；oc4j 是用於WLM 的一個資源, WLM在 11.2.0.2 纔可用；
gsd 是 CRS 用於跟 9i RAC 進行通信的一個模塊,是爲了向後兼容才保留的，不影響性能；建議不要刪除, 也不要嘗試開啓他們, 忽略即可。
11g RAC 常用的是下面的命令：crsctl stat resource -t .
[root@rac01 u01]# su - grid
[grid@rac01 ~]$ crsctl stat resource -t
如果後面不帶 -t , 那麼可以看到相對詳細的資源信息 。
[grid@rac01 ~]$ crsctl stat resource
2. 常用開關機命令
注意, 11g RAC 開啓資源相對比較慢(即使命令後面顯示的資源都start succeeded,
通過crs_stat -t查看都不一定online), 請注意命令操作後觀察crs log變化,以免出
現還沒有開啓就懷疑啓動有異常而採取重複動作 。
以下命令供參考：
---------------------------------------------------
在本地服務器上停止Oracle Clusterware 系統：
[root@rac01 ~]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/crsctl stop cluster
注：在運行“crsctl stop cluster”命令之後，如果 Oracle Clusterware 管理的資源中有任何一個還在運行，則整個命令失敗。使用 -f 選項無條件地停止所有資源，並停止 Oracle Clusterware 系統。
停止所有節點上的clusterware系統。
[root@rac02 ~]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/crsctl stop cluster -all
在本地服務器上啓動oralce clusterware系統：
[root@rac01 ~]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/crsctl start cluster
注：可通過指定 -all 選項在集羣中所有服務器上啓動 Oracle Clusterware 系統。
[root@rac02 ~]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/crsctl start cluster –all
還可以通過列出服務器（各服務器之間以空格分隔）在集羣中一個或多個指定的服務器上啓動 Oracle Clusterware 系統：
[root@rac01 ~]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/crsctl start cluster -n rac01 rac02
使用 SRVCTL 啓動/停止所有實例:
[oracle@rac01 ~]# srvctl stop database -d racdb
[oracle@rac01 ~]# srvctl start database -d racdb
參考順序
關機順序： 先關閉Oracle實例(或數據庫)，然後關閉ASM實例，最後關閉節點應用程序(虛擬 IP、GSD、TNS 監聽器和 ONS) .
手工開機順序： 先啓動節點應用程序(虛擬 IP、GSD、TNS 監聽器和 ONS)。當成功啓動節點應用程序後，啓動 ASM 實例。最後啓動 Oracle 實例（相關服務）以及企業管理器數據庫控制檯。
例子：
關閉：
在節點1上關閉所有節點的clusterware(如果有資源不能被關閉，使用-f).
[root@rac01 bin]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/crsctl stop cluster -all
節點1,2上都關閉後我們查看
[grid@rac02 rac02]$ crsctl stat resource -t
CRS-4535: Cannot communicate with Cluster Ready Services
CRS-4000: Command Status failed, or completed with errors.
開啓：
[root@rac01 bin]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/crsctl start cluster -all
一般來說，開啓上面一個命令就夠用了，但是如果發現有異常，比如db等很長時間都沒有onine, 我們也可以手工開啓數據庫(任何一個節點執行)：
[root@rac02 ~]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/srvctl start database -d racdb
備註：
如果有需要也可以一個一個實例開啓。
[root@rac02 ~]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/srvctl start instance -d racdb -i racdb1
[root@rac02 ~]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/srvctl start instance -d racdb -i racdb2
3. 常用建立表空間及加入數據文件
參考 ： http://space.itpub.net/?uid-7607759-action-viewspace-itemid-670722
[root@rac01 bin]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac01 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> create tablespace test datafile '+oradata/racdb/datafile/test01.dbf' size 50m ;
Tablespace created.
[root@rac02 ~]# su - grid
[grid@rac02 ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD>
ASMCMD> pwd
+oradata/racdb/datafile
ASMCMD>
ASMCMD> ls
SYSAUX.261.739387301
SYSTEM.260.739387283
TEST.340.740166807
UNDOTBS1.262.739387315
UNDOTBS2.264.739387351
USERS.265.739387361
test01.dbf
SQL> alter tablespace test add datafile '+oradata/racdb/datafile/test02.dbf' size 50m ;
Tablespace altered.
SQL>
ASMCMD> ls
SYSAUX.261.739387301
SYSTEM.260.739387283
TEST.340.740166807
TEST.341.740166937
UNDOTBS1.262.739387315
UNDOTBS2.264.739387351
USERS.265.739387361
test01.dbf
test02.dbf
ASMCMD>
ASMCMD> ls -al
Type Redund Striped Time Sys Name
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE JAN 11 17:00:00 Y none => SYSAUX.261.739387301
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE JAN 11 17:00:00 Y none => SYSTEM.260.739387283
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE JAN 11 17:00:00 Y +ORADATA/RACDB/DATAFILE/test01.dbf =>
TEST.340.740166807
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE JAN 11 17:00:00 Y +ORADATA/RACDB/DATAFILE/test02.dbf =>
TEST.341.740166937
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE JAN 11 17:00:00 Y none => UNDOTBS1.262.739387315
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE JAN 11 17:00:00 Y none => UNDOTBS2.264.739387351
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE JAN 11 17:00:00 Y none => USERS.265.739387361
N test01.dbf =>
+ORADATA/RACDB/DATAFILE/TEST.340.740166807
N test02.dbf =>
+ORADATA/RACDB/DATAFILE/TEST.341.740166937
ASMCMD>
4. 查看ASM實例及用戶數據庫實例(注意分別是grid及oracle用戶)：
查看ASM實例(以grid用戶登入,通過查看初始參數可以看到instance_name=+ASM1)：
[grid@rac01 ~]$ id
uid=501(grid) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),504(asmadmin),506(asmdba),507(asmoper)
[grid@rac01 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jan 4 00:58:52 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options
SQL> show parameter
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
asm_diskgroups string ORADATA, ORAFLASH
asm_diskstring string
asm_power_limit integer 1
asm_preferred_read_failure_groups string
audit_file_dest string /u01/grid/11.2.0/rdbms/audit
.....
查看用戶數據庫實例(以oracle用戶登入，查看instance_name=racdb2，顯然是用戶實例)：
[root@rac02 u01]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac02 ~]$
[oracle@rac02 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jan 4 01:01:04 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> show parameter
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY boolean FALSE
active_instance_count integer
aq_tm_processes integer 0
archive_lag_target integer 0
asm_diskgroups string
asm_diskstring string
asm_power_limit integer 1
.......
5. 查看11g 數據庫實例的alert log及trace ：
[oracle@rac01 trace]$ pwd
/u01/product/oracle/diag/rdbms/racdb/racdb1/trace
[oracle@rac01 trace]$
[oracle@rac01 trace]$ vi alert_racdb1.log
6. 查看11g RAC Clusterware的log ：
[root@rac01 sbin]# su - grid
[grid@rac01 ~]$
[grid@rac01 rac01]$ pwd
/u01/grid/11.2.0/log/rac01
[grid@rac01 trace]$ pwd
/u01/grid/11.2.0/log/diag/tnslsnr/rac01/listener_scan1/trace
[grid@rac01 trace]$ ls
listener_scan1.log
[grid@rac01 rac01]$ pwd
/u01/grid/11.2.0/log/rac01
[grid@rac01 rac01]$ ls
admin/ alertrac01.log crsd/ ctssd/ evmd/ gnsd/ mdnsd/ racg/
agent/ client/ cssd/ diskmon/ gipcd/ gpnpd/ ohasd/ srvm/
7. 常用集羣命令
[grid@rac02 ~]$ crs_stat -t
檢查Oracle Clusterware 是否在線
[grid@rac02 ~]$ crsctl check crs
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
檢查cssd (Cluster Synchronization Services) 是否在線
[grid@rac02 ~]$ crsctl check cssd
CRS-272: This command remains for backward compatibility only
Cluster Synchronization Services is online
檢查crsd (Cluster Ready Services) 是否在線
[grid@rac02 ~]$ crsctl check crsd
CRS-272: This command remains for backward compatibility only
Cluster Ready Services is online
檢查evmd (Event Mananger)是否在線
[grid@rac02 ~]$ crsctl check evmd
CRS-272: This command remains for backward compatibility only
Event Manager is online
在節點間檢查CSS的存活
[grid@rac02 ~]$ crsctl check cluster -n rac01
**************************************************************
rac01:
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
**************************************************************
[grid@rac02 ~]$ crsctl check cluster -n rac02
**************************************************************
rac02:
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
**************************************************************
開啓數據庫
[grid@rac02 ~]$ srvctl start database -d racdb
開啓oc4j :
[grid@rac02 ~]$ ./srvctl enable oc4j
[grid@rac02 ~]$ ./srvctl start oc4j
[grid@rac02 ~]$ ./crs_stat -t
8. vote disk 管理
[grid@rac01 ~]$ ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 3
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 2720
Available space (kbytes) : 259400
ID : 132900461
Device/File Name : +OCR_VOTE
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
Logical corruption check bypassed due to non-privileged user
在Oracle11g R2中，不必備份voting disk, 當任何配置發生改變，voting disk
數據會自動備份在OCR中，並自動恢復到任何加入的voting disk中。 從下面可以看
到OCR和VotingDisk是一個文件。
[grid@rac01 ~]$ crsctl query css votedisk
## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group
-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------
1. ONLINE 095112005ec24f57bf98f6148818cc53 (ORCL:OCR_VOTE01) [OCR_VOTE]
Located 1 voting disk(s).
[grid@rac01 ~]$
[grid@rac01 ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> ls
OCR_VOTE/
ORADATA/
ORAFLASH/
ASMCMD> cd ocr_vote
ASMCMD> cd rac
ASMCMD> ls
ASMPARAMETERFILE/
OCRFILE/
ASMCMD> cd ocrfile
ASMCMD> ls
REGISTRY.255.739337635
OCR 管理
[grid@rac01 ~]$ crsctl query crs activeversion
Oracle Clusterware active version on the cluster is [11.2.0.1.0]
[grid@rac01 ~]$ ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 3
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 2720
Available space (kbytes) : 259400
ID : 132900461
Device/File Name : +OCR_VOTE
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
Logical corruption check bypassed due to non-privileged user
使用下面命令(root登陸)使用 destination_file 或者 +ASM_disk_group取代現在的OCR Location:
# ocrconfig -replace current_OCR_location -replacement new_OCR_location
如果只有一個OCR Location, 那麼使用下面的命令：
# ocrconfig -add +new_storage_disk_group
# ocrconfig -delete +current_disk_group
運行下面的命令顯示備份：
[grid@rac01 ~]$ ocrconfig -showbackup
rac01 2011/01/08 17:54:51 /u01/grid/11.2.0/cdata/rac/backup00.ocr
rac01 2011/01/08 13:54:49 /u01/grid/11.2.0/cdata/rac/backup01.ocr
rac02 2011/01/08 06:34:46 /u01/grid/11.2.0/cdata/rac/backup02.ocr
rac01 2011/01/07 02:15:37 /u01/grid/11.2.0/cdata/rac/day.ocr
rac01 2011/01/02 07:51:43 /u01/grid/11.2.0/cdata/rac/week.ocr
PROT-25: Manual backups for the Oracle Cluster Registry are not available
當Oracle Clusterware起來的時候，在一個節點上運行ocrconfig -manualbackup命令
[grid@rac01 ~]$ ocrconfig -manualbackup
在 /u01/grid/11.2.0/cdata/rac/day.ocr下生成備份文件 backup_20100112_141900.ocr
然後使用 $ ocrconfig -showbackup 可以查看到備份信息。
運行下面的命令檢驗備份文件內容及完整性。
$ ocrdump -backupfile backup_file_name
