--第一個例子
--賦值語句
set serveroutput on;
declare
var_username varchar2(100);
begin
select ename into var_username from scott.emp where empno=7788;
dbms_output.put_line('用戶名：'||var_username);
end;
--第二個例子
--賦值語句
set serveroutput on;
declare
c_databases varchar(50):='10 g';
begin
dbms_output.put_line(c_databases);
end;
--第三個例子
--條件語句if
set serveroutput on;
declare
v_number number:=10;
begin
if v_number<0 then
dbms_output.put_line(v_number||'是個負數');
elsif v_number=0 then
dbms_output.put_line(v_number||'爲零');
else
dbms_output.put_line(v_number||'是個正數');
end if;
end;
--第四個例子
--分支語句case
set serveroutput on;
declare
v_day integer :=3;
v_data varchar2(20);
begin
v_data :=case v_day
when 1 then '星期一'
when 2 then '星期二'
when 3 then '星期三'
when 4 then '星期四'
when 5 then '星期五'
when 6 then '星期六'
when 7 then '星期日'
end;
dbms_output.put_line(v_data);
end;
--第五個例子
--循環語句loop...exit...end
setserveroutput on;
declare
v_num integer:=1;
v_sum integer:=0;
begin
loop
v_sum:=v_sum+v_num;
dbms_output.put_line(v_num);
if v_num=3 then
exit;
end if;
dbms_output.put_line('+');
v_num:=v_num+1;
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line('=');
dbms_output.put_line(v_sum);
end;
--第六個例子
--循環語句loop...exit when...end
set serveroutput on;
declare
v_num integer:=1;
v_sum integer:=0;
begin
loop
v_sum:=v_sum+v_num;
dbms_output.put_line(v_num);
exit
when v_num=3;
v_num:=v_num+1;
dbms_output.put_line('+');
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line('=');
dbms_output.put_line(v_sum);
end;
--第七個例子
----循環語句 while loop...end loop
set serveroutput on;
declare
v_num integer:=1;
v_sum integer:=0;
begin
while v_num<4
loop
v_sum:=v_sum+v_num;
dbms_output.put_line(v_num);
dbms_output.put_line('+');
v_num:=v_num+1;
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line('=');
dbms_output.put_line(v_sum);
end;
--第八個例子（不主要）
--循環語句loop...in..loop...end loop
set serveroutput on;
declare
v_num integer:=1;
v_sum integer:=0;
begin
for v_num in 1..3
loop
v_sum:=v_sum+v_num;
dbms_output.put_line(v_num);
if v_num<3 then
dbms_output.put_line('+');
end if;
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line('=');
dbms_output.put_line(v_sum);
end;
--異常例子1(value_error)
set serveroutput on;
declare
v_num number;
begin
v_num:='d123';
exception
when value_error then
dbms_output.put_line('數據類型錯誤');
end;
--異常例子(綜合例子)
set serveroutput on;
declare
v_username varchar2(200);
begin
select ename into v_username from emp where job='s12';
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('沒有數據');
when too_many_rows then
dbms_output.put_line('返回多行數據');
when others then
dbms_output.put_line('錯誤情況不明');
end;
--abs 返回表達式的絕對值
set serveroutput on;
begin
dbms_output.put_line(abs(-3333));
end;
--ceil 返回大於或等於所給數字的最小整數
set serveroutput on;
begin
dbms_output.put_line(ceil(3333.55));
end;
--floor 返回小於或等於所給數字的最大整數
set serveroutput on;
begin
dbms_output.put_line(floor(3333.55));
end;
--power 返回表達式給定的次方值
set serveroutput on;
begin
dbms_output.put_line(power(12,2));
end;
--round 返回四捨五入
set serveroutput on;
begin
dbms_output.put_line(round(1.2));
dbms_output.put_line(round(1.9));
end;
--ascii 返回ascii碼
set serveroutput on;
begin
dbms_output.put_line(ascii('A'));
end;
--length 返回字符串表達式的字符（而不是字節）個數
set serveroutput on;
begin
dbms_output.put_line(length('d '));
dbms_output.put_line(length('張山東省'));
end;
--upper 返回將小寫轉化爲大寫
set serveroutput on;
begin
dbms_output.put_line(upper('ffff'));
end;
--輸出當前日期(sysdate)
set serveroutput on;
begin
dbms_output.put_line(sysdate);
end;
--將日期轉化爲字符串(to_char)
set serveroutput on;
begin
dbms_output.put_line(to_char(sysdate)||'字符串');
end;
--返回指定日期月份的最後一天的日期(last_day)
set serveroutput on;
begin
dbms_output.put_line(last_day(sysdate));
end;
--返回兩個日期之間的月份數目
set serveroutput on;
begin
dbms_output.put_line(months_between( to_date('2012-11-12','yyyy-mm-dd'),to_date('2012-12-14','yyyy-mm-dd')));
end;
--將字符串轉化爲日期（to_date）
set serveroutput on;
begin
dbms_output.put_line(to_date('2012-11-12','yyyy-mm-dd'));
end;
--統計函數(max)
set serveroutput on ;
declare
v_num number ;
begin
select max(sal) into v_num from emp;
dbms_output.put_line('最高工資'||v_num);
end;
--統計函數(min)
set serveroutput on ;
declare
v_num number ;
begin
select min(sal) into v_num from emp;
dbms_output.put_line('最低工資'||v_num);
end;
--統計函數(count)
set serveroutput on ;
declare
v_num number ;
begin
select count(ename) into v_num from emp;
dbms_output.put_line('總人數：'||v_num);
end;
--遊標
--遊標:從字面的意思是遊動的光標，用數據庫的語言描述，
--遊標是映射在結果集一行數據上的位置實體，，有了遊標，
--用戶就可以訪問結果集中的任意一行數據，將遊標放置到某一行後，
--即可對該行數據進行操作，最常見的操作是提取當前行的數據
--遊標for循環是顯示遊標的一種快捷方式，
--當使用for循環開始時，遊標被自動打開(不需要使用open語句);
--每循環一次，系統自動讀取遊標當前行的數據(不需要使用fetch語句)；
--當退出for循環時，遊標自動關閉(不需要使用close語句)
set serveroutput on;
declare
v_id number;
v_name varchar2(30);
cursor jacobcursor(v_type number)is
select empno,ename from emp
where deptno=v_type;
begin
open jacobcursor(20);
fetch jacobcursor into v_id,v_name;
close jacobcursor;
dbms_output.put_line('用戶的id：'||v_id||'用戶名:'||v_name);
end;
--遊標(%isopen)
set serveroutput on;
declare
v_id number;
v_name varchar2(30);
cursor zzucursor(v_type number)is
select empno,ename from emp
where deptno=v_type;
begin
if zzucursor%isopen=false then
open zzucursor(30);
end if;
fetch zzucursor into v_id,v_name;
close zzucursor;
dbms_output.put_line('userid: '||v_id||' username: '||v_name);
end;
--遊標(%found|| %notfound)
set serveroutput on;
declare
v_id number;
v_name varchar2(50);
cursor zzucursor(v_type number)is
select empno,ename from emp
where deptno=v_type;
begin
if zzucursor%isopen=false then
open zzucursor(30);
end if;
fetch zzucursor into v_id,v_name; --必須在這個位置
while zzucursor%found
loop
dbms_output.put_line('userid '||v_id||'username '||v_name);
fetch zzucursor into v_id,v_name;
end loop;
close zzucursor;
end;
--遊標(%rowcount)
set serveroutput on;
declare
v_id number;
v_name varchar2(30);
cursor zzucursor(v_type number)is
select empno ,ename from emp
where deptno =v_type;
begin
if zzucursor%isopen= false then
open zzucursor(30);
end if;
fetch zzucursor into v_id,v_name;
while zzucursor%notfound=false
loop
dbms_output.put_line('userid :'||v_id||'username :'||v_name);
if zzucursor%rowcount=3 then
exit;
end if;
fetch zzucursor into v_id,v_name;
end loop;
end;
--記錄與遊標
set serveroutput on;
declare
--記錄
type user_record is record
( v_id emp.empno%type,
v_name emp.ename%type );
v_user_record user_record;
cursor zzucursor(v_type number)is
select empno ,ename from emp
where deptno=v_type;
begin
if zzucursor%isopen =false then
open zzucursor(30);
end if;
fetch zzucursor into v_user_record;
while zzucursor%found
loop
dbms_output.put_line('userid :'||v_user_record.v_id||'username :'||v_user_record.v_name);
fetch zzucursor into v_user_record;
end loop;
close zzucursor;
end;
--記錄
set serveroutput on;
declare
type user_record is record
( v_id emp.empno%type,
v_name emp.ename%type
);
v_user_record user_record;
cursor zzucursor(v_type number)is
select empno,ename from emp
where deptno =v_type;
begin
if zzucursor%isopen=false then
open zzucursor(30);
end if;
fetch zzucursor into v_user_record;
while zzucursor%found
loop
dbms_output.put_line('userid :'||v_user_record.v_id||'username :'||v_user_record.v_name);
if zzucursor%rowcount=3 then
exit;
end if;
fetch zzucursor into v_user_record;
end loop;
close zzucursor;
end;
--定義一個記錄
type user_record is record
(
v_id emp.empno%type,
v_name emp.ename%type
);
---for 與 記錄
set serveroutput on;
declare
type user_record is record
( v_id emp.empno%type,
v_name emp.ename%type
);
v_user_record user_record;
cursor zzucursor(v_type number)is
select empno,ename from emp
where deptno =v_type;
begin
for v in zzucursor(30) loop
v_user_record.v_id:=v.empno;
v_user_record.v_name:=v.ename;
dbms_output.put_line('userid :'||v_user_record.v_id||'username :'||v_user_record.v_name);
end loop ;
end;
--存儲過程
create or replace procedure zzuprocedure(v_type number)
as
begin
update emp set ename='dddd'
where empno=v_type;
end;
--存儲過程2
create or replace procedure zzucursor(v_type number)
as
v_name varchar2(30);
begin
select ename into v_name from emp
where empno=v_type;
dbms_output.put_line(v_name);
end;
--調用存儲過程
call procedurename;
execute procedurename;
--刪除存儲過程
drop procedure name;
--函數
create or replace function zzufunction(v_type number)
return emp.ename%type
as
names emp.ename%type;
begin
select ename into names from emp where empno=v_type;
return names;
end;
set serveroutput on;
declare
v_name emp.ename%type;
begin
v_name := zzufunction(7788);
dbms_output.put_line(v_name);
end;
--程序包
create or replace package zzupackage is
procedure zzucursor(v_type number);
function zzucurfunction(v_type number)
return emp.ename%type;
end zzupackage;
--創建包體
create or replace package body zzupackage
as
procedure zzucursor(v_type number)is
begin
dbms_output.put_line('isss'||v_type);
end;
function zzucurfunction(v_type number)
return emp.ename%type
as
out_name emp.ename%type;
begin
select ename into out_name from emp
where empno=v_type;
return out_name;
end;
end zzupackage;
--調用包體
set serveroutput on ;
begin
zzupackage.zzucursor(222);
end;
--刪除包體
drop package body packagename;
--觸發器
create or replace trigger zzutrigger
after
update on emp
for each row
begin
dbms_output.put_line('已經觸發觸發器');
end;
--自定義異常
create or replace procedure zzuprocedure(v_num number)
is
myexception exception;
begin
update emp set sal=sal+200 where empno=v_num;
if sql%notfound then
raise myexception;
end if;
exception
when myexception then
dbms_output.put_line('沒有找到用戶');
end;
create or replace view zzu_view as select * from emp;
--定義索引
create index index_id on emp(ename);
--刪除索引
drop index index_id;
--定義序列
create sequence user_sequence
minvalue 1
nomaxvalue
start with 1
increment by 1
nocycle;
-- minvalue 表示序列的最小值爲1
--nomaxvalue 表示序列沒有最大值的限制
--start with 1 表示序列的初始值爲1
--increment by 1 表示序列間隔爲1
--nocycle 不循環
--刪除序列
drop sequence user_sequence
