一.軟件開發和運行的環境設置
I > .視窗系統2000服務器版
II > ..Net FrameWork SDK Beta 2版
III > .打開"控制面板",進入"添加和刪除程序",然後再點擊"添加/刪除Windows組件",就可以看見以下界面:
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點中"Internet信息服務( IIS )",然後點擊"詳細信息",可得到如下界面:
圖02:系統配置界面
點中選擇"SMTP Serverce"選項,然後按"確定"按鈕。再按"下一步"按鈕,則系統在重新啓動後,就會安裝好運行本文程序所需要的SMTP Service了。
二.Visual C#如何發送電子郵件:
在.Net FrameWork SDK Beta 2版中,有一個叫做System.Web.Mail的名稱空間,在這個名稱空間中封裝發送電子郵件的方法、對象和屬性。Visual C#就是通過調用此名稱空間中的方法、對象和屬性,發送電子郵件的。在本文中,發送電子郵件主要用到了二個對象:一個是MailMessage對象,此對象主要是封裝電子郵件的各個屬性,即所謂的發信人,收信人,信件的主題,信件的內容和信件的附件等。另外一個是SmtpMail對象,這個對象的最大作用是把已經定義好各個屬性的MailMessage對象給發送出去,而完成此功能,就需要調用SmtpMail對象的Send ( )方法。
三.在Visual C#中正確使用發送電子郵件相關的對象:
(1).要調用對象,當然首先就要在程序的最前面導入封裝對象的名稱空間,具體如下:
using System.Web.Mail ;
(2).正確定義MailMessage對象的屬性:
MailMessage對象中和電子郵件相關的屬性可以用下表來表示:
屬性名稱 | 代表意義 |
From | 源地址 |
To | 目的地址 |
Subject | 郵件主題 |
Priority | 郵件優先級 ( High , Low , Normal ) |
Attachments | 附件 |
Bcc | 暗送地址 |
Cc | 抄送地址 |
Body | 郵件內容主體 |
Bodyformat | 郵件格式( Html , Text ) |
Bodyencoding | 郵件編碼( Base64 , Uuencode ) |
在程序中,具體的實現語句如下:
MailMessage aMessage = new MailMessage ( ) ; //新建一個MailMessage對象 aMessage.From = FromTextBox.Text ; //定義發信人地址,如果是多人,可以用","分開 aMessage.To = ToTextBox.Text ; //定義收信人地址,如果是多人,可以用","分開 aMessage.Cc = CCTextBox.Text ; //定義抄送人地址,如果是多人,可以用","分開 aMessage.Bcc = BCCTextBox.Text ; //定義暗送人地址,如果是多人,可以用","分開 aMessage.Subject = SubjectTextBox.Text ; //定義郵件的主題 aMessage.Body = MessageTextBox.Text ; //定義郵件的內容 if ( AttachmentTextBox.Text.Length > 0 ) aMessage.Attachments.Add ( new MailAttachment ( AttachmentTextBox.Text , MailEncoding.Base64 ) ) ; //給郵件增加一個附件 |
注:"="右邊是程序中定義的文本框的"Text"值。
(3).用SmtpMail對象正確發送電子郵件:
在Visual C#中調用SmtpMail對象的Send ( )方法有多種方式。本文介紹的只是其中的一種比較常用的調用方式,即:SmtpMail.Send ( MailMessage對象 )。
在程序中的實現語句如下:
SmtpMail.Send ( aMessage ) ;
四.本文源程序代碼( Send.cs )以及程序運行界面:
下圖是編譯好的程序的運行界面:
圖03:Send.cs程序運行界面
以下是Send.cs源程序代碼:
using System ; using System.Drawing ; using System.Collections ; using System.ComponentModel ; using System.Windows.Forms ; using System.Data ; using System.Web ; using System.Web.Mail ; //導入程序中使用到的名稱空間 public class Form1 : Form { private Label label1 ; private Label label2 ; private Label label3 ; private Button SendButton ; private Button ExitButton ; private TextBox FromTextBox ; private TextBox ToTextBox ; private TextBox SubjectTextBox ; private TextBox MessageTextBox ; private TextBox CCTextBox ; private Label CCLabel ; private TextBox BCCTextBox ; private Label label4 ; private Label label5 ; private Button BrowseButton ; private OpenFileDialog openFileDialog1 ; private TextBox AttachmentTextBox ; private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null ; public Form1 ( ) { InitializeComponent ( ) ; } //清除在程序中使用的所有資源 protected override void Dispose ( bool disposing ) { if ( disposing ) { if ( components != null ) { components.Dispose ( ) ; } } base.Dispose ( disposing ) ; } private void InitializeComponent ( ) { MessageTextBox = new TextBox ( ) ; ToTextBox = new TextBox ( ) ; SendButton = new Button ( ) ; ExitButton = new Button ( ) ; FromTextBox = new TextBox ( ) ; label1 = new Label ( ) ; SubjectTextBox = new TextBox ( ) ; label2 = new Label ( ) ; label3 = new Label ( ) ; CCTextBox = new TextBox ( ) ; CCLabel = new Label ( ) ; BCCTextBox = new TextBox ( ) ; label4 = new Label ( ) ; label5 = new Label ( ) ; AttachmentTextBox = new TextBox ( ) ; BrowseButton = new Button ( ) ; openFileDialog1 = new OpenFileDialog ( ) ; FromTextBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 96 , 16 ) ; FromTextBox.Name = "FromTextBox" ; FromTextBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 240 , 20 ) ; FromTextBox.TabIndex = 0 ; FromTextBox.Text = "" ; ToTextBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 96 , 53 ) ; ToTextBox.Name = "ToTextBox" ; ToTextBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 240 , 20 ) ; ToTextBox.Text = "" ; ToTextBox.TabIndex = 1 ; CCTextBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 96 , 88 ) ; CCTextBox.Name = "CCTextBox" ; CCTextBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 240 , 20 ) ; CCTextBox.TabIndex = 2 ; CCTextBox.Text = "" ; BCCTextBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 96 , 120 ) ; BCCTextBox.Name = "BCCTextBox" ; BCCTextBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 240 , 20 ) ; BCCTextBox.TabIndex = 3 ; BCCTextBox.Text = "" ; SubjectTextBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 96 , 152 ) ; SubjectTextBox.Name = "SubjectTextBox" ; SubjectTextBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 240 , 20 ) ; SubjectTextBox.TabIndex = 4 ; SubjectTextBox.Text = "" ; AttachmentTextBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 96 , 184 ) ; AttachmentTextBox.Name = "AttachmentTextBox" ; AttachmentTextBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 168 , 20 ) ; AttachmentTextBox.TabIndex = 5 ; AttachmentTextBox.Text = "" ; MessageTextBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 8 , 216 ) ; MessageTextBox.Multiline = true ; MessageTextBox.Name = "MessageTextBox" ; MessageTextBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 320 , 152 ) ; MessageTextBox.Text = "" ; MessageTextBox.TabIndex = 6 ; BrowseButton.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 280 , 184 ) ; BrowseButton.Name = "BrowseButton"; BrowseButton.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 56 , 24 ) ; BrowseButton.Text = "瀏覽文件" ; BrowseButton.TabIndex = 7 ; BrowseButton.Click += new System.EventHandler ( BrowseButton_Click ) ; SendButton.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 64 , 380 ) ; SendButton.Name = "SendButton" ; SendButton.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 72 , 24 ) ; SendButton.Text = "發送郵件" ; SendButton.TabIndex = 8 ; SendButton.Click += new System.EventHandler ( SendButton_Click ) ; ExitButton.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 200 , 380 ) ; ExitButton.Name = "ExitButton" ; ExitButton.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 72 , 24 ) ; ExitButton.Text = "退出程序"; ExitButton.TabIndex = 9 ; ExitButton.Click += new System.EventHandler ( ExitButton_Click ) ; label1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font ( "宋體", 9F ); label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 48 , 16 ) ; label1.Name = "label1" ; label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 48 , 16 ) ; label1.Text = "發信人:" ; label2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font ( "宋體", 9F ); label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 48 , 53 ) ; label2.Name = "label2" ; label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 48 , 16 ) ; label2.Text = "收信人:" ; label3.Font = new System.Drawing.Font ( "宋體", 9F ) ; label3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 48 , 152 ) ; label3.Name = "label3" ; label3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 48 , 16 ) ; label3.Text = "主 題:" ; CCLabel.Font = new System.Drawing.Font ( "宋體", 9F ) ; CCLabel.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 48 , 88 ) ; CCLabel.Name = "CCLabel" ; CCLabel.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 48 , 16 ) ; CCLabel.Text = "抄 送:" ; label4.Font = new System.Drawing.Font ( "宋體", 9F ) ; label4.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 48 , 120 ) ; label4.Name = "label4" ; label4.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 48 , 16 ) ; label4.Text = "暗 送:" ; label5.Font = new System.Drawing.Font ( "宋體", 9F ) ; label5.Location = new System.Drawing.Point ( 48 , 184 ) ; label5.Name = "label5" ; label5.Size = new System.Drawing.Size ( 48 , 16 ) ; label5.Text = "附 件:" ; openFileDialog1.Title = "選擇文件作爲郵件的附件:" ; this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size ( 5 , 13 ) ; this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size ( 344 , 413 ) ; this.Controls.Add ( BrowseButton ) ; this.Controls.Add ( AttachmentTextBox ) ; this.Controls.Add ( label5 ) ; this.Controls.Add ( label4 ) ; this.Controls.Add ( BCCTextBox ) ; this.Controls.Add ( CCLabel ) ; this.Controls.Add ( CCTextBox ) ; this.Controls.Add ( ExitButton ) ; this.Controls.Add ( SendButton ) ; this.Controls.Add ( label3 ) ; this.Controls.Add ( label2 ) ; this.Controls.Add ( label1 ) ; this.Controls.Add ( SubjectTextBox ) ; this.Controls.Add ( ToTextBox ) ; this.Controls.Add ( FromTextBox ) ; this.Controls.Add ( MessageTextBox ) ; this.Name = "Form1" ; this.Text = "用Visual C#做郵件發送軟件!" ; this.ResumeLayout ( false ); } static void Main ( ) |
{
Application.Run ( new Form1 ( ) ) ;
}
private void SendButton_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e )
{
try
{
MailMessage aMessage = new MailMessage ( ) ;
//新建一個MailMessage對象
aMessage.From = FromTextBox.Text ;
//定義發信人地址,如果是多人,可以用","分開
aMessage.To = ToTextBox.Text ;
//定義收信人地址,如果是多人,可以用","分開
aMessage.Cc = CCTextBox.Text ;
//定義抄送人地址,如果是多人,可以用","分開
aMessage.Bcc = BCCTextBox.Text ;
//定義暗送人地址,如果是多人,可以用","分開
aMessage.Subject = SubjectTextBox.Text ;
//定義郵件的主題
aMessage.Body = MessageTextBox.Text ;
//定義郵件的內容
if ( AttachmentTextBox.Text.Length > 0 )
aMessage.Attachments.Add ( new MailAttachment ( AttachmentTextBox.Text , MailEncoding.Base64 ) ) ;
//給郵件增加一個附件
SmtpMail.Send ( aMessage ) ;
//發送電子郵件
MessageBox.Show( "電子郵件已經發送到->" + ToTextBox.Text ) ;
}
catch ( Exception ex )
{
MessageBox.Show ( ex.Message.ToString ( ) ) ;
}
}
private void ExitButton_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e )
{
Application.Exit ( ) ;
}
private void BrowseButton_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e )
{
if ( openFileDialog1.ShowDialog ( ) == DialogResult.OK )
{
AttachmentTextBox.Text = openFileDialog1.FileName ;
} }
}
五.總結
至此我們已經用Visual C#完成了一個功能十分完備的電子郵件發送軟件。可見,在程序中,起到關鍵作用的是.Net FrameWork SDK,正是他的豐富的類庫,使得發送電子郵件變成一件十分輕鬆的事情。其實你也只有掌握了.Net FrameWork SDK中的類庫,Visual C#才能發揮其最大的功能。