核心:P4/1.7G
主板:MSI845
內存:金士頓256*2
硬盤:邁拓40G
顯卡:ATI Radeon 7500
顯板:Samsung SyncMaster 753DFX
聲卡:Creative Sound Blaster Live!
一、安裝FreeBSD5.4Release
從http://www.freebsd.org/releases/5.4R/announce.html選擇一個FTP服務器下載,然後刻成光盤。接下來從光盤安裝,我的幾點選項:
1、選擇軟件包時選擇最小化安裝。
2、安裝到ports時選擇net-->cvsup,以便更新ports。
其它的都默認安裝,具體可參考:http://www.freebsd.org.cn/snap/doc/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook/install-start.html,安裝完後重啓機器。
二、配置FreeBSD
1、配置/etc/rc.conf,我的rc.conf:
代碼: |
hostname="gjf.jscpu.com" defaultrouter="192.168.20.254" ifconfig_rl0="inet 192.168.121.250 netmask 255.255.255.0" ifconfig_rl1="inet 192.168.20.1 netmask 255.255.255.0" inetd_enable="YES" linux_enable="YES" moused_enable="YES" #sshd_enable="YES" #usbd_enable="YES" |
2、配置/etc/resolv.conf,我的resolv.conf:
代碼: |
domain jscpu.com nameserver 221.228.255.1 nameserver 218.2.135.1 |
完成後重啓機器。
3、將光盤放入光驅中,安裝ports和src
代碼: |
#/stand/sysinstall |
然後選擇Configure-->Distributions,然後利用空格鍵選擇src和ports兩項,點install,安裝完成後重啓機器。
4、啓用ftp(後面上傳文件用)
代碼: |
#cd /etc # ee inetd.conf |
將ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/libexec/ftpd ftpd -l一行的#號去掉。
保存後退出。
三、升級ports
代碼: |
#cp /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile /etc/funpower #cd /etc # ee funpower |
修改下面一行:
default host=cvsup2.FreeBSDChina.org
然後運行如下命令:
代碼: |
#cvsup -g -L 2 funpower |
完成安裝後重啓機器。
四、配置內核文件
配置內核時每項說明可以參考這:http://people.freebsdchina.org/kinki/9.htm,配置中要加入對聲卡的支持,關於如何安裝聲卡可以參考這:http://www.freebsd.org.cn/snap/doc/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook/sound-setup.html
下面是具體的操作:
代碼: |
#cd /sys/i386/conf #cp GENERIC funpower #ee funpower |
我的內核文件如下:
代碼: |
# # GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/i386 # # For more information on this file, please read the handbook section on # Kernel Configuration Files: # # http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig-config.html # # The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook # if you've installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the # FreeBSD World Wide Web server (http://www.FreeBSD.org/) for the # latest information. # # An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the # device lines is also present in the ../../conf/NOTES and NOTES files. # If you are in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first # in NOTES. # # $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.413.2.13 2005/04/02 16:37:58 scottl Exp $ machine i386 cpu I686_CPU ident funpower # To statically compile in device wiring instead of /boot/device.hints #hints "GENERIC.hints" # Default places to look for devices. options SCHED_4BSD # 4BSD scheduler options INET # InterNETworking options INET6 # IPv6 communications protocols options FFS # Berkeley Fast Filesystem options SOFTUPDATES # Enable FFS soft updates support options UFS_ACL # Support for access control lists options UFS_DIRHASH # Improve performance on big directories options MD_ROOT # MD is a potential root device options NFSCLIENT # Network Filesystem Client options NFSSERVER # Network Filesystem Server options NFS_ROOT # NFS usable as /, requires NFSCLIENT options MSDOSFS # MSDOS Filesystem options CD9660 # ISO 9660 Filesystem options PROCFS # Process filesystem (requires PSEUDOFS) options PSEUDOFS # Pseudo-filesystem framework options GEOM_GPT # GUID Partition Tables. options COMPAT_43 # Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!] options COMPAT_FREEBSD4 # Compatible with FreeBSD4 options SCSI_DELAY=15000 # Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI options KTRACE # ktrace(1) support options SYSVSHM # SYSV-style shared memory options SYSVMSG # # GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/i386 # # For more information on this file, please read the handbook section on # Kernel Configuration Files: # # http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig-config.html # # The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook # if you've installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the # FreeBSD World Wide Web server (http://www.FreeBSD.org/) for the # latest information. # # An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the # device lines is also present in the ../../conf/NOTES and NOTES files. # If you are in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first # in NOTES. # # $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.413.2.13 2005/04/02 16:37:58 scottl Exp $ machine i386 cpu I686_CPU ident funpower # To statically compile in device wiring instead of /boot/device.hints #hints "GENERIC.hints" # Default places to look for devices. options SCHED_4BSD # 4BSD scheduler options INET # InterNETworking options INET6 # IPv6 communications protocols options FFS # Berkeley Fast Filesystem options SOFTUPDATES # Enable FFS soft updates support options UFS_ACL # Support for access control lists options UFS_DIRHASH # SYSV-style message queues options SYSVSEM # SYSV-style semaphores options _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time extensions options KBD_INSTALL_CDEV # install a CDEV entry in /dev options AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug # output. Adds ~128k to driver. options AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug # output. Adds ~215k to driver. options ADAPTIVE_GIANT # Giant mutex is adaptive. device apic # I/O APIC # Bus support. Do not remove isa, even if you have no isa slots device isa device eisa device pci # Floppy drives #device fdc # ATA and ATAPI devices device ata device atadisk # ATA disk drives #device ataraid # ATA RAID drives device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives #device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives #device atapist # ATAPI tape drives options ATA_STATIC_ID # Static device numbering #加載聲卡 device sound device "snd_emu10k1" # SCSI Controllers #device ahb # EISA AHA1742 family #device ahc # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices #device ahd # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices #device amd # AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T)) #device isp # Qlogic family #device mpt # LSI-Logic MPT-Fusion #device ncr # NCR/Symbios Logic #device sym # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets + those of `ncr') #device trm # Tekram DC395U/UW/F DC315U adapters #device adv # Advansys SCSI adapters #device adw # Advansys wide SCSI adapters #device aha # Adaptec 154x SCSI adapters #device aic # Adaptec 15[012]x SCSI adapters, AIC-6[23]60. #device bt # Buslogic/Mylex MultiMaster SCSI adapters #device ncv # NCR 53C500 #device nsp # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3 #device stg # TMC 18C30/18C50 # SCSI peripherals #device scbus # SCSI bus (required for SCSI) #device ch # SCSI media changers #device da # Direct Access (disks) #device sa # Sequential Access (tape etc) #device cd # CD #device pass # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access) #device ses # SCSI Environmental Services (and SAF-TE) # RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem #device amr # AMI MegaRAID #device arcmsr # Areca SATA II RAID #device asr # DPT SmartRAID V, VI and Adaptec SCSI RAID #device ciss # Compaq Smart RAID 5* #device dpt # DPT Smartcache III, IV - See NOTES for options #device hptmv # Highpoint RocketRAID 182x #device iir # Intel Integrated RAID #device ips # IBM (Adaptec) ServeRAID #device mly # Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID #device twa # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID # RAID controllers #device aac # Adaptec FSA RAID #device aacp # SCSI passthrough for aac (requires CAM) #device ida # Compaq Smart RAID #device mlx # Mylex DAC960 family #device pst # Promise Supertrak SX6000 #device twe # 3ware ATA RAID # atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse device atkbdc # AT keyboard controller device atkbd # AT keyboard device psm # PS/2 mouse device vga # VGA video card driver device splash # Splash screen and screen saver support # syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console device sc # Enable this for the pcvt (VT220 compatible) console driver #device vt #options XSERVER # support for X server on a vt console #options FAT_CURSOR # start with block cursor device agp # support several AGP chipsets # Floating point support - do not disable. device npx # Power management support (see NOTES for more options) #device apm # Add suspend/resume support for the i8254. device pmtimer # PCCARD (PCMCIA) support # PCMCIA and cardbus bridge support #device cbb # cardbus (yenta) bridge #device pccard # PC Card (16-bit) bus #device cardbus # CardBus (32-bit) bus # Serial (COM) ports device sio # 8250, 16[45]50 based serial ports # Parallel port device ppc device ppbus # Parallel port bus (required) device lpt # Printer device plip # TCP/IP over parallel device ppi # Parallel port interface device #device vpo # Requires scbus and da # If you've got a "dumb" serial or parallel PCI card that is # supported by the puc(4) glue driver, uncomment the following # line to enable it (connects to the sio and/or ppc drivers): #device puc # PCI Ethernet NICs. device de # DEC/Intel DC21x4x (``Tulip'') device em # Intel PRO/1000 adapter Gigabit Ethernet Card device ixgb # Intel PRO/10GbE Ethernet Card device txp # 3Com 3cR990 (``Typhoon'') device vx # 3Com 3c590, 3c595 (``Vortex'') # PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code. # NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs! device miibus # MII bus support #device bfe # Broadcom BCM440x 10/100 Ethernet #device bge # Broadcom BCM570xx Gigabit Ethernet #device dc # DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes #device fxp # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558) #device lge # Level 1 LXT1001 gigabit ethernet #device nge # NatSemi DP83820 gigabit ethernet #device pcn # AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100 (precedence over 'lnc') #device re # RealTek 8139C+/8169/8169S/8110S device rl # RealTek 8129/8139 #device sf # Adaptec AIC-6915 (``Starfire'') #device sis # Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS 7016 #device sk # SysKonnect SK-984x & SK-982x gigabit Ethernet #device ste # Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX) #device ti # Alteon Networks Tigon I/II gigabit Ethernet #device tl # Texas Instruments ThunderLAN #device tx # SMC EtherPower II (83c170 ``EPIC'') device vge # VIA VT612x gigabit ethernet device vr # VIA Rhine, Rhine II #device wb # Winbond W89C840F device xl # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'') # ISA Ethernet NICs. pccard NICs included. #device cs # Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 NIC # 'device ed' requires 'device miibus' device ed # NE[12]000, SMC Ultra, 3c503, DS8390 cards device ex # Intel EtherExpress Pro/10 and Pro/10+ device ep # Etherlink III based cards device fe # Fujitsu MB8696x based cards device ie # EtherExpress 8/16, 3C507, StarLAN 10 etc. device lnc # NE2100, NE32-VL Lance Ethernet cards device sn # SMC's 9000 series of Ethernet chips device xe # Xircom pccard Ethernet # ISA devices that use the old ISA shims #device le # Wireless NIC cards device wlan # 802.11 support device an # Aironet 4500/4800 802.11 wireless NICs. device awi # BayStack 660 and others device wi # WaveLAN/Intersil/Symbol 802.11 wireless NICs. #device wl # Older non 802.11 Wavelan wireless NIC. # Pseudo devices. device loop # Network loopback device mem # Memory and kernel memory devices device io # I/O device device random # Entropy device device ether # Ethernet support #device sl # Kernel SLIP #device ppp # Kernel PPP device tun # Packet tunnel. device pty # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc) device md # Memory "disks" device gif # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling device faith # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation) # The `bpf' device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter. # Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this! # Note that 'bpf' is required for DHCP. device bpf # Berkeley packet filter # USB support #device uhci # UHCI PCI->USB interface #device ohci # OHCI PCI->USB interface #device ehci # EHCI PCI->USB interface (USB 2.0) #device usb # USB Bus (required) #device udbp # USB Double Bulk Pipe devices #device ugen # Generic #device uhid # "Human Interface Devices" #device ukbd # Keyboard #device ulpt # Printer #device umass # Disks/Mass storage - Requires scbus and da #device ums # Mouse #device urio # Diamond Rio 500 MP3 player #device uscanner # Scanners # USB Ethernet, requires mii #device aue # ADMtek USB Ethernet #device axe # ASIX Electronics USB Ethernet #device cdce # Generic USB over Ethernet #device cue # CATC USB Ethernet #device kue # Kawasaki LSI USB Ethernet #device rue # RealTek RTL8150 USB Ethernet # FireWire support #device firewire # FireWire bus code #device sbp # SCSI over FireWire (Requires scbus and da) #device fwe # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!) |
編輯好funpower後開始編譯安裝內核:
代碼: |
#/usr/sbin/config funpower #cd ../../compile/funpower #make depend #make #make intall |
編譯安裝完成後重啓機器。
五、安裝Xorg和Gnome
爲了安裝方便,將1號和2號光盤的Packages文件夾的軟件全部COPY到/usr/soft中:
代碼: |
#mkdir /usr/soft #mount /cdrom #cd /cdrom #cp -R * /usr/soft |
通過上面的方法將2號盤的Packages也拷入/usr/soft中。
接下來開始安裝:
代碼: |
#cd /usr/soft #pkg_add xorg-6.8.2.tbz //freebsd5.3之後都用xrog,不用XFree86了 #pkg_add gnome2-2.10.0.tbz |
完成安裝後重啓機器。
六、配置xorg.conf
代碼: |
#cd /usr/X11R6/bin #./xorgcfg -textmode |
根據自己的硬件配置每個選項,然後選擇最後第二項Write xorg.conf and quit,然後出現一個對話框問你是否將配置文件copy到/etc/X11目錄中,選擇OK。
然後編輯/etc/X11/xorg.conf的Section”Input Device”,使支持鼠標的滾輪:
代碼: |
#cd /etc/X11 #ee xorg.conf |
代碼: |
Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Mouse0" Driver "mouse" Option "Protocol" "Auto" Option "Emulate3Buttons" Option "Device" "/dev/sysmouse" Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5" EndSection |
我的xorg.conf:
代碼: |
Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "Layout0" Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0 InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard" InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer" EndSection Section "Files" EndSection Section "Module" Load "freetype" # Load "xtt" Load "extmod" Load "glx" Load "dri" Load "dbe" Load "record" Load "xtrap" Load "type1" Load "speedo" EndSection Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Mouse0" Driver "mouse" Option "Protocol" "Auto" Option "Emulate3Buttons" Option "Device" "/dev/sysmouse" Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5" EndSection Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Keyboard0" Driver "keyboard" Option "XkbModel" "pc101" Option "XkbLayout" "us" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Monitor0" ### Uncomment if you don't want to default to DDC: # HorizSync 30 - 107 # VertRefresh 48 - 120 EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Card0" Driver "ati" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen0" Device "Card0" Monitor "Monitor0" DefaultDepth 24 SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 24 Modes "1152x864" EndSubSection EndSection |
七、配置.xinitrc
使X Windows啓動時默認的桌面系統爲Gnome
代碼: |
#echo “/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session” > ~/.xinitrc |
八、運行X Windows
#startx
進入Gnome桌面系統,下面開始中文化和美化桌面Gnome.
注:這裏可能會有兩個提示錯誤,一個是說系統的hostname找不到映射,編輯/etc/hosts中,將下面一行:
192.168.20.1 gjf gjf.jscpu.com
加入其中。另一個是系統未找到聲卡的驅動,你需重新安裝聲卡驅卡,具體見這:http://www.freebsd.org.cn/snap/doc/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook/sound-setup.html
九、中文化及美化
1、中文化Gnome
編輯.cshrc文件:
代碼: |
#cd ~ #ee .cshrc |
加入下面內容:
代碼: |
setenv LANG zh_CN.eucCN setenv LC_LANG zh_CN.eucCN |
保存後退出。
2、美化Gnome字體
通過ftp將windows下的SimSun.ttc和Tahoma.ttf拷貝到/var/ftp/incoming中。然後做如下操作:
代碼: |
#mkdir /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType/ #cd /var/ftp/incoming #cp * /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType/ |
重啓機器,登陸後運行startx,進入Gnome,沒出錯的話這時已經是中文版了,只是字體難看些,下面設置字體:點擊[桌面]-->[首選項]-->[字體],將字體全部換成SimSun,字體大小爲10,然後點[細節]選項,[平滑]選無,[微調]選輕微,[次像素順序]選RGB。保存後關閉對話框。
十、安裝常用軟件
1、輸入法:小企鵝輸入法
代碼: |
#cd /usr/ports/chinese/fcitx #make install clean |
完成安裝後進行配置:
配置.cshrc
代碼: |
#cd ~ #ee .cshrc |
加入下面一行:
代碼: |
setenv XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx |
保存後退出。
配置.xinitrc
代碼: |
# ee xinitrc |
在/usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session的上面一行加入(不能放在它下面一行,否則不能啓動):
代碼: |
exec fcitx & |
保存後退出。
退出Gnome,然後再startx,這時就能看到企鵝輸入法了。
2、網頁瀏覽器:firefox
代碼: |
#cd /usr/ports/www/firefox #make install clean |
3、即時通訊工具(包括OICQ):gaim-openq
代碼: |
#cd /usr/ports/net/gaim-openq #make install clean |
4、MP3播放器:Xmms
代碼: |
#cd /usr/ports/multimedia/xmms #make install clean |
1) xmms菜單欄亂碼解決方法:
代碼: |
#ee .gtkrc.mine //沒有這個文件也這樣操作 |
加入如下內容:
代碼: |
style "gtk-default-zh-cn" { fontset = "-*-simsun-medium-r-normal--12-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1,/ -*-simsun-medium-r-normal--12-*-*-*-*-*-gb2312.1980-0,*-r-*" } class "GtkWidget" style "gtk-default-zh-cn" |
代碼: |
#ee ~/.xmms/config |
將playlist_font和mainwin_font換成如下內容:
代碼: |
playlist_font="-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gb2312.1980-0",*-r-* use_fontsets=FALSE mainwin_use_xfont=FALSE mainwin_font="-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gb2312.1980-0" |
2) xmms播放列表解決方法:
打開xmms,然後,[首選項]-->[字體]-->[播放清單“瀏覽”]-->[filter]-->charset中選擇gb2312.1980-0,然後在播放清單選項中的"-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gb2312.1980-0"的未尾加上*-r-*,最後變成:"-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gb2312.1980-0",*-r-*
保存後退出。
5、播放器:realplay10.0
從http://www.real.com/linux/點擊download realplay下載RealPlayer10GOLD.bin至桌面。進行如下操作:
代碼: |
#cd ~/Desktop #chmod a+x RealPlay10GOLD.bin #./RealPlay10GOLD.bin |
然後根據提示完成安裝。
6、文檔處理:OpenOffice
代碼: |
#cd /usr/ports/chinese/openoffice-1.1-zh-CN #make install clean |
1) 安裝期間需要三個包的支持:
(1) bsd-jdk14-patches-7.tar.gz
下載地址:http://www.eyesbeyond.com/freebsddom/java/jdk14.html
下載完後copy到/usr/ports/distfiles中。然後再次運行make install clean。
(2) j2sdk-1_4_2-src.scsl.zip
下載地址:http://www.sun.com/software/communitysource/j2se/java2/download.xml
下載完後copy到/usr/ports/distfiles中。然後再次運行make install clean。
(3) j2sdk-1_4_2_07-linux-i586.bin
下載地址:http://javashoplm.sun.com/ECom/docs/Welcome.jsp?StoreId=22&PartDetailId=j2sdk-1.4.2_07-oth-JPR&SiteId=JSC&TransactionId=noreg
下載完後copy到/usr/ports/distfiles中。然後再次運行make install clean。
2) 中文化openoffice
將/var/ftp/incoming的SimSun.ttc和Tahoma.ttf拷貝到/usr/local/OpenOffice1.1.4/share/fonts/truetype/
3) 啓動OpenOffice
代碼: |
#cd ~/OpenOffice.org1.1.4 #./soffice |