linux虛擬機上使用git和github教程

原創

tuzhutuzhu

2020-02-22 06:30

1. GIT是什麼？

Git是一個分佈式版本控制／軟件配置管理軟件，原是Linux內核開發者Linus Torvalds爲更好地管理Linux內核開發而設計。

相比CVS/SVN，Git 的優勢：
－支持離線開發，離線Repository
－強大的分支功能，適合多個獨立開發者協作
－速度塊

2.GITHUB是什麼？

GitHub 是一個共享虛擬主機服務，用於存放使用Git版本控制的軟件代碼和內容項目。

3.Linux虛擬機上使用git和github

3.1 註冊github賬號

此步驟比較簡單，無需贅述。

3.2 虛擬機安裝git客戶端

我使用的是CentOS虛擬機，安裝命令如下：

yum install git git-gui

3.3 生成祕鑰對，這樣項目可以push到github上

[root@CentOS tuzhutuzhu]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "*****@**.com"
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):  
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
63:68:68:ad:23:0f:8f:85:4a:cc:67:60:47:9e:7a:fa [email protected]
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|                 |
|                 |
|   .             |
|  o .o .         |
| o +o + S        |
|+ +o o . .       |
| =+++            |
|..=B .           |
|..oEo            |
+-----------------+
[root@CentOS tuzhutuzhu]#

3.4 將.ssh/id_rsa.oub拷貝到GitHub

3.5 測試是否能連接到GitHub

[root@CentOS tuzhutuzhu]# ssh [email protected]
The authenticity of host 'github.com (192.30.252.131)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 16:27:ac:a5:76:28:2d:36:63:1b:56:4d:eb:df:a6:48.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'github.com,192.30.252.131' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Enter passphrase for key '/root/.ssh/id_rsa': 
Permission denied (publickey).
[root@CentOS tuzhutuzhu]#

3.6 設置Git全局用戶配置

# git config --global user.name "Firstname Lastname"
# git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
此處用戶名爲自己的實際姓名(自定義的)，而非登錄用戶名

3.7 Git創建一個庫(Create a Repository)

創建完成：

3.8 創建本地新項目倉庫，此步驟可按照上圖GitHub中倉庫創建完成後網頁上的提示執行

# mkdir new-project(*1)
# cd new-project
# git init
# touch README
# git add README
# git commit -m 'first commit'
定義遠程服務器別名origin
#  git remote add origin [email protected]:***/new-project.git(*2)   
本地和遠程合併，本地默認分支爲master
# git push origin master

(*1) 此處的倉庫名必須與3.7中在GitHub中創建的倉庫名相同
(*2) 此處***就是GitHub的用戶名

在執行push操作時，可能會出現如下錯誤：

[root@CentOS vmware]# git push -u origin master
error: The requested URL returned error: 403 while accessing https://github.com/tuzhutuzhu/vmware.git/info/refs

fatal: HTTP request failed

這是因爲GitHub好像只支持ssh的方式訪問倉庫。解決方法如下：

1).vim .git/config
2).將[remote "origin"]部分的url按照如下格式設置：
        url = ssh://[email protected]/tuzhutuzhu/vmware.git
        fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*

再次執行push操作，結果如下：

[root@CentOS vmware]# git push -u origin master

Enter passphrase for key '/root/.ssh/id_rsa': 
Counting objects: 7, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (7/7), 548 bytes, done.
Total 7 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To ssh://[email protected]/tuzhutuzhu/vmware.git
 * [new branch]      master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.
[root@CentOS vmware]#

這樣，就將文件上傳到GitHub上了。

還有另外一種解決方法，將url做如下變更：

原：url = https:github.com/tuzhutuzhu/helloworld.git

現：url = https://tuzhutuzhu@github.com/tuzhutuzhu/helloworld.git

有關git的詳細操作，可以參考如下：

http://download.csdn.net/detail/tuzhutuzhu/6966853