listView和adapter用法

[Android] ListView中getView的原理+如何在ListView中放置多個item

傳送門http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowenji/archive/2010/12/08/1900579.html

ListView 和 Adapter 的基礎

工作原理:

  1. ListView 針對List中每個item,要求 adapter “給我一個視圖” (getView)。
  2. 一個新的視圖被返回並顯示

如果我們有上億個項目要顯示怎麼辦?爲每個項目創建一個新視圖?NO!這不可能!

實際上Android爲你緩存了視圖。

Android中有個叫做Recycler的構件,下圖是他的工作原理:

  1. 如果你有10億個項目(item),其中只有可見的項目存在內存中,其他的在Recycler中。
  2. ListView先請求一個type1視圖(getView)然後請求其他可見的項目。convertView在getView中是空(null)的。
  3. 當item1滾出屏幕,並且一個新的項目從屏幕低端上來時,ListView再請求一個type1視圖。convertView此時不是空值了,它的值是item1。你只需設定新的數據然後返回convertView,不必重新創建一個視圖。

請看下面的示例代碼,這裏在getView中使用了System.out進行輸出

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public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity {
  
    private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;
  
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter();
        for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
            mAdapter.addItem("item " + i);
        }
        setListAdapter(mAdapter);
    }
  
    private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
  
        private ArrayList mData = new ArrayList();
        private LayoutInflater mInflater;
  
        public MyCustomAdapter() {
            mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        }
  
        public void addItem(final String item) {
            mData.add(item);
            notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
  
        @Override
        public int getCount() {
            return mData.size();
        }
  
        @Override
        public String getItem(int position) {
            return mData.get(position);
        }
  
        @Override
        public long getItemId(int position) {
            return position;
        }
  
        @Override
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView);
            ViewHolder holder = null;
            if (convertView == null) {
                convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null);
                holder = new ViewHolder();
                holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);
                convertView.setTag(holder);
            } else {
                holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
            }
            holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));
            return convertView;
        }
  
    }
  
    public static class ViewHolder {
        public TextView textView;
    }
}

 

執行程序,然後在Logcat中查看日誌

 

getView 被調用 9 次 ,convertView 對於所有的可見項目是空值(如下)

 

02-05 13:47:32.559: INFO/System.out(947): getView 0 null
02-05 13:47:32.570: INFO/System.out(947): getView 1 null
02-05 13:47:32.589: INFO/System.out(947): getView 2 null
02-05 13:47:32.599: INFO/System.out(947): getView 3 null
02-05 13:47:32.619: INFO/System.out(947): getView 4 null
02-05 13:47:32.629: INFO/System.out(947): getView 5 null
02-05 13:47:32.708: INFO/System.out(947): getView 6 null
02-05 13:47:32.719: INFO/System.out(947): getView 7 null
02-05 13:47:32.729: INFO/System.out(947): getView 8 null

 

然後稍微向下滾動List,直到item10出現:

 

convertView仍然是空值,因爲recycler中沒有視圖(item1的邊緣仍然可見,在頂端)

 

02-05 13:48:25.169: INFO/System.out(947): getView 9 null

 

再滾動List

 

convertView不是空值了!item1離開屏幕到Recycler中去了,然後item11被創建

 

02-05 13:48:42.879: INFO/System.out(947): getView 10 android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8

 

再滾動:

02-05 14:01:31.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView 11 android.widget.LinearLayout@437447d0
02-05 14:01:31.142: INFO/System.out(947): getView 12 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744ff8
02-05 14:01:31.279: INFO/System.out(947): getView 13 android.widget.LinearLayout@43743fa8
02-05 14:01:31.350: INFO/System.out(947): getView 14 android.widget.LinearLayout@43745820
02-05 14:01:31.429: INFO/System.out(947): getView 15 android.widget.LinearLayout@43746048
02-05 14:01:31.550: INFO/System.out(947): getView 16 android.widget.LinearLayout@43746870
02-05 14:01:31.669: INFO/System.out(947): getView 17 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747098
02-05 14:01:31.839: INFO/System.out(947): getView 18 android.widget.LinearLayout@437478c0
02-05 14:03:30.900: INFO/System.out(947): getView 19 android.widget.LinearLayout@43748df0
02-05 14:03:32.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView 20 android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8

convertView 如我們所期待的非空了,在item11離開屏幕之後,它的視圖(@437430f8)作爲convertView容納item21了

不同的項目佈局(item layout)

我們再舉一個稍微複雜的例子,在上例的list中加入一些分隔線

你需要做這些:

  1. 重(@Override)寫 getViewTypeCount() – 返回你有多少個不同的佈局
  2. 重寫 getItemViewType(int) – 由position返回view type id
  3. 根據view item的類型,在getView中創建正確的convertView

以下是代碼:

 

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public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity {
  
    private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;
  
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter();
        for (int i = 1; i < 50; i++) {
            mAdapter.addItem("item " + i);
            if (i % 4 == 0) {
                mAdapter.addSeparatorItem("separator " + i);
            }
        }
        setListAdapter(mAdapter);
    }
  
    private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
  
        private static final int TYPE_ITEM = 0;
        private static final int TYPE_SEPARATOR = 1;
        private static final int TYPE_MAX_COUNT = TYPE_SEPARATOR + 1;
  
        private ArrayList mData = new ArrayList();
        private LayoutInflater mInflater;
  
        private TreeSet mSeparatorsSet = new TreeSet();
  
        public MyCustomAdapter() {
            mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        }
  
        public void addItem(final String item) {
            mData.add(item);
            notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
  
        public void addSeparatorItem(final String item) {
            mData.add(item);
            // save separator position
            mSeparatorsSet.add(mData.size() - 1);
            notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
  
        @Override
        public int getItemViewType(int position) {
            return mSeparatorsSet.contains(position) ? TYPE_SEPARATOR : TYPE_ITEM;
        }
  
        @Override
        public int getViewTypeCount() {
            return TYPE_MAX_COUNT;
        }
  
        @Override
        public int getCount() {
            return mData.size();
        }
  
        @Override
        public String getItem(int position) {
            return mData.get(position);
        }
  
        @Override
        public long getItemId(int position) {
            return position;
        }
  
        @Override
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            ViewHolder holder = null;
            int type = getItemViewType(position);
            System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView + " type = " + type);
            if (convertView == null) {
                holder = new ViewHolder();
                switch (type) {
                    case TYPE_ITEM:
                        convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null);
                        holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);
                        break;
                    case TYPE_SEPARATOR:
                        convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item2, null);
                        holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.textSeparator);
                        break;
                }
                convertView.setTag(holder);
            } else {
                holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
            }
            holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));
            return convertView;
        }
  
    }
  
    public static class ViewHolder {
        public TextView textView;
    }
}

 

運行程序,你會看到每4個item一個分割線

看看日誌,無異常,所有的convertView都是空的

 

02-05 15:19:03.080: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 0 null type = 0
02-05 15:19:03.112: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 1 null type = 0
02-05 15:19:03.130: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 2 null type = 0
02-05 15:19:03.141: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 3 null type = 0
02-05 15:19:03.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 4 null type = 1
02-05 15:19:03.170: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 5 null type = 0
02-05 15:19:03.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 6 null type = 0
02-05 15:19:03.190: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 7 null type = 0
02-05 15:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 8 null type = 0
02-05 15:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 9 null type = 1

滾動list:

02-05 15:19:54.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 10 null type = 0
02-05 15:19:57.440: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 11 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744528 type = 0
02-05 15:20:01.310: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 12 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744eb0 type = 0
02-05 15:20:01.880: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 13 android.widget.LinearLayout@437456d8 type = 0
02-05 15:20:02.869: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 14 null type = 1
02-05 15:20:06.489: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 15 android.widget.LinearLayout@43745f00 type = 0
02-05 15:20:07.749: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 16 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747170 type = 0
02-05 15:20:10.250: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 17 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747998 type = 0
02-05 15:20:11.661: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 18 android.widget.LinearLayout@437481c0 type = 0
02-05 15:20:13.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 19 android.widget.LinearLayout@437468a0 type = 1
02-05 15:20:16.900: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 20 android.widget.LinearLayout@437489e8 type = 0
02-05 15:20:25.690: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 21 android.widget.LinearLayout@4374a8d8 type = 0

convertView對於分割線是空的,直到第一個分割線可見,當其離開屏幕,視圖去到Recycler並且convertView開始起作用。






加深理解:http://www.cnblogs.com/wangjianhui/archive/2011/06/15/2081714.html


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