Jenkins+PMD構建自動化靜態代碼檢測

前言：軟件缺陷是不可避免的，要儘量減少錯誤並提高軟件質量，主要有兩在類技術，即缺陷預防和缺陷檢測

缺陷預防包括編寫更好的設計規範、實施代碼審覈制度、運行代碼靜態分析工具、運行單元測試等

PMD是一種開源分析Java代碼的工具，通過靜態分析獲知代碼錯誤，該工具可以做到檢查Java代碼中是否含有未使用的變量、是否含有空的抓取塊、是否含有不必要的對象等等

因此Jenkins+PMD構建自動化靜態代碼檢測是很有必要的

PMD下載地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/pmd/

下載後解壓即可

PMD主要可以通過ant腳本來執行，編寫ant的build文件，這裏新建的爲如buildPMD.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project name="pmd" default="pmd" basedir="."> <property environment="env"> <property name="ExampleProject.location" value="../ExampleProject"> <!-- 定義pmd的classpath，均爲下載的pmd包解壓後lib目錄下的jar包--> <path id="pmd.classpath"> <pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/asm-3.2.jar"> <pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/jaxen-1.1.1.jar"> <pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/junit-4.4.jar"> <pathelement location="${basedir}/lib/pmd-5.0.4.jar"> <!-- <fileset dir="${basedir}/lib/"> <include name="**/*.jar"> --> </include></pathelement></pathelement></pathelement></pathelement></path> <target depends="pmd_html" name="pmd"> <taskdef name="pmd" classname="net.sourceforge.pmd.ant.PMDTask" classpathref="pmd.classpath"> <!-- 定義代碼檢測規則，這裏直接列出規則imports.xml和java-unusedcode規則，本例註釋了，使用下面一種在另一文件中定義規則集--> <!-- <pmd rulesetfiles="rulesets/java/imports.xml,java-unusedcode"> --> <!-- 定義PMD檢測規則所在的文件，規則集在pmdrule.xml文件中定義--> <pmd rulesetfiles="${basedir}/pmdrule.xml" encoding="UTF-8"> <!-- 輸出XML格式的報告--> <formatter type="html" tofile="pmd_report.html" toconsole="true"> <!-- 靜態代碼檢測ExampleProject工程下src目錄下的所有java文件--> <fileset dir="${ExampleProject.location}/src"> <include name="**/*.java"> </include></fileset> </formatter></pmd> </taskdef></target> <target name="pmd_html"> <taskdef name="pmd" classname="net.sourceforge.pmd.ant.PMDTask" classpathref="pmd.classpath"> <!-- <pmd rulesetfiles="rulesets/java/imports.xml,java-unusedcode"> --> <pmd rulesetfiles="${basedir}/pmdrule.xml" encoding="UTF-8"> <!-- 輸出HTML格式的報告--> <formatter type="xml" tofile="pmd_report.html" toconsole="true"> <fileset dir="${ExampleProject.location}/src"> <include name="**/*.java"> </include></fileset> </formatter></pmd> </taskdef></target> </project>

本文中定義了兩個target，分別生成了XML和HTML格式的報告，因爲在Jenkins中的分析插件需要用XML格式才能生成視圖報告，而XML格式對於團隊來說不直觀，不宜發送郵件，因此生成兩份報告，一份用於Jenkins分析，一份發送郵件用於團隊成員直接查看

編寫好buildPMD.xml，直接使用ant -f buildPMD.xml即可在CMD命令或Linux shell下執行PMD靜態代碼檢測

在Jenkins中新建個任務，Build項Add build step中選擇“Execute Shell”，輸入ant -f buildPMD.xml即可

附：pmdrule.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <ruleset xmlns="http://pmd.sourceforge.net/ruleset/2.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="pmdrule" xsi:schemalocation="http://pmd.sourceforge.net/ruleset/2.0.0 http://pmd.sourceforge.net/ruleset_2_0_0.xsd"> <description>PMD Plugin preferences rule set</description> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AbstractClassWithoutAbstractMethod"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AbstractClassWithoutAnyMethod"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/AbstractNaming"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AccessorClassGeneration"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/AddEmptyString"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/AppendCharacterWithChar"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/sunsecure.xml/ArrayIsStoredDirectly"> <rule ref="rulesets/ecmascript/basic.xml/AssignmentInOperand"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AssignmentInOperand"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AssignmentToNonFinalStatic"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AtLeastOneConstructor"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/controversial.xml/AvoidAccessibilityAlteration"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/optimizations.xml/AvoidArrayLoops"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/migrating.xml/AvoidAssertAsIdentifier"> <rule ref="rulesets/xsl/xpath.xml/AvoidAxisNavigation"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidBranchingStatementAsLastInLoop"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/finalizers.xml/AvoidCallingFinalize"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidCatchingGenericException"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidCatchingNPE"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strictexception.xml/AvoidCatchingThrowable"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidConstantsInterface"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml/AvoidDecimalLiteralsInBigDecimalConstructor"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/design.xml/AvoidDeeplyNestedIfStmts"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml/AvoidDollarSigns"> <rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml/AvoidDuplicateLiterals"> <rule 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關於PMD rulesets規則的意思可以查看：http://pmd.sourceforge.net/pmd-5.0.4/rules/index.html