openpyxl - 簡單設置單元格樣式

單元格樣式

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簡介

openpyxl的單元格樣式由6種屬性決定，每一種都是一個類。如下所示（大概意思）：

• font(字體類)：字號、字體顏色、下劃線等
• fill(填充類)：顏色等
• border(邊框類)：設置單元格邊框
• alignment(位置類)：對齊方式
• number_format(格式類)：數據格式
• protection(保護類)：寫保護

• 單元格默認樣式如下：

  >>> from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, Border, Side, Alignment, Protection, Font
  >>> font = Font(name='Calibri',
  ...                 size=11,
  ...                 bold=False,
  ...                 italic=False,
  ...                 vertAlign=None,
  ...                 underline='none',
  ...                 strike=False,
  ...                 color='FF000000')
  >>> fill = PatternFill(fill_type=None,
  ...                 start_color='FFFFFFFF',
  ...                 end_color='FF000000')
  >>> border = Border(left=Side(border_style=None,
  ...                           color='FF000000'),
  ...                 right=Side(border_style=None,
  ...                            color='FF000000'),
  ...                 top=Side(border_style=None,
  ...                          color='FF000000'),
  ...                 bottom=Side(border_style=None,
  ...                             color='FF000000'),
  ...                 diagonal=Side(border_style=None,
  ...                               color='FF000000'),
  ...                 diagonal_direction=0,
  ...                 outline=Side(border_style=None,
  ...                              color='FF000000'),
  ...                 vertical=Side(border_style=None,
  ...                               color='FF000000'),
  ...                 horizontal=Side(border_style=None,
  ...                                color='FF000000')
  ...                )
  >>> alignment=Alignment(horizontal='general',
  ...                     vertical='bottom',
  ...                     text_rotation=0,
  ...                     wrap_text=False,
  ...                     shrink_to_fit=False,
  ...                     indent=0)
  >>> number_format = 'General'
  >>> protection = Protection(locked=True,
  ...                         hidden=False)
  

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  以上幾種樣式（字體、填充、邊框、位置和保護）實例一旦被創建實例的屬性就不可更改，只能重新創建實例。

  >>> from openpyxl.styles import colors
  >>> from openpyxl.styles import Font, Color
  >>> from openpyxl.styles import colors
  >>> from openpyxl import Workbook
  >>> wb = Workbook()
  >>> ws = wb.active
  >>>
  >>> a1 = ws['A1']
  >>> d4 = ws['D4']
  >>> ft = Font(color=colors.RED)
  >>> a1.font = ft
  >>> d4.font = ft
  >>>
  >>> a1.font.italic = True # 不會生效，樣式實例一旦創建，實例的屬性就不可改變
  >>>
  >>> # 若要改變樣式，必須新建樣式實例
  >>>
  >>> a1.font = Font(color=colors.RED, italic=True) # 創建字體實例（紅色、斜體，其他屬性默認）
  

  
  

• 複製樣式

  樣式可以被複制：

  >>> from openpyxl.styles import Font
  >>>
  >>> ft1 = Font(name='Arial', size=14)
  >>> ft2 = ft1.copy(name="Tahoma") # 複製時指定字體爲“Tahoma”，其他屬性均複製自ft1
  >>> ft1.name
  'Arial'
  >>> ft2.name
  'Tahoma'
  >>> ft2.size
  14.0
  

  基本字體顏色

  字體顏色有一些顏色常量，可以直接調用:

  from openpyxl.styles import Font
  from openpyxl.styles.colors import RED
  font = Font(color=RED)
  font = Font(color="00FFBB00")
  

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  也可以按索引創建實例：

  from openpyxl.styles.colors import Color
  c = Color(indexed=32)
  c = Color(theme=6, tint=0.5)
  

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  說到顏色，V2.3.5版本必須使用“00XXXXXX”的格式，不能使用“#XXXXXX”的格式。如果顏色不生效請查看版本後修改。

  應用樣式

  可以直接應用到單元格:

  from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook
  from openpyxl.styles import Font, Fill
  wb = Workbook()
  ws = wb.active
  c = ws['A1']
  c.font = Font(size=12)
  

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  可以對整行整列設置樣式，前提是單元格已創建。

  col = ws.column_dimensions['A']
  col.font = Font(bold=True)
  row = ws.row_dimensions[1]
  row.font = Font(underline="single")
  

  數據格式

  數據格式屬性number_format的值是字符串類型，不爲對象，直接賦值即可。 
  openpyxl內置了一些數據格式查看openpyxl.styles.numbers，也支持excel自定義格式，以下兩種方式效果相同：

  # 使用openpyxl內置的格式
  from openpyxl.styles import numbers
  ws.cell['D2'].number_format = numbers.FORMAT_GENERAL
  ws.cell(row=2, column=4).number_format = numbers.FORMAT_DATE_XLSX15
  

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  # 直接使用字符串
  ws.cell['D2].number_format = 'General'
  ws.cell(row=2, column=4).number_format = 'd-mmm-yy'
  

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  編輯頁面設置

  from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook
   
  wb = Workbook()
  ws = wb.active
   
  ws.page_setup.orientation = ws.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE
  ws.page_setup.paperSize = ws.PAPERSIZE_TABLOID
  ws.page_setup.fitToHeight = 0
  ws.page_setup.fitToWidth = 1
  

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  編輯打印選項

  from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook
   
  wb = Workbook()
  ws = wb.active
   
  ws.print_options.horizontalCentered = True
  ws.print_options.verticalCentered = True