在数据库关闭的情况下，使用rman是无法恢复spfile的，这时需要rman nomount状态来恢复
[oracle@test backup]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Aug 28 09:39:55 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> restore spfile to '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfilenormal.ora' from '/u01/app/oracle/backup/spfile_NORMAL_20140828_12_1';
Starting restore at 2014-08-28 09:41:22
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 08/28/2014 09:41:22
RMAN-12010: automatic channel allocation initialization failed
RMAN-06403: could not obtain a fully authorized session
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
RMAN> startup
startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initnormal.ora'
starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
Oracle instance started
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of startup command at 08/28/2014 09:45:54
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
RMAN> restore spfile to '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfilenormal.ora' from '/u01/app/oracle/backup/spfile_NORMAL_20140828_12_1';
Starting restore at 2014-08-28 09:46:04
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/backup/spfile_NORMAL_20140828_12_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 2014-08-28 09:46:06
