linux中文本排序-sort

sort 命令對指定文件中的行排序，並將結果寫到標準輸出

sort命令不會影響數據在原文件中的順序，只改變在標準輸出的顯示！默認是按照ASCII表升序的！

[root @ hacker:~/桌面]$ nano
[root @ hacker:~/桌面]$ cat demo.txt
456
67
111
231
[root @ hacker:~/桌面]$ sort demo.txt
111
231
456
67
[root @ hacker:~/桌面]$ 

我們可以看到並沒有按照數值的大小進行排序的，而是按照一行逐個字符從左到右對應的ASCII碼進行比較的！

但是我們想按照數值大小進行排序，這時我們使用man sort命令，可以查看到

-n, --numeric-sort
              compare according to string numerical value

這時我們使用sort -n 命令

[root @ hacker:~/桌面]$ sort -n demo.txt
67
111
231
456

敲入sort /etc/passwd

[root @ hacker:~/桌面]$ sort /etc/passwd
abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
amandabackup:x:33:6:Amanda user:/var/lib/amanda:/bin/bash
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
avahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
cimsrvr:x:134:134:tog-pegasus OpenPegasus WBEM/CIM services:/var/lib/Pegasus:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
dovecot:x:97:97:Dovecot IMAP server:/usr/libexec/dovecot:/sbin/nologin
dovenull:x:495:491:Dovecot's unauthorized user:/usr/libexec/dovecot:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
hacker:x:500:500:hacker:/home/hacker:/bin/bash
haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
hsqldb:x:96:96::/var/lib/hsqldb:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
luci:x:141:141:luci high availability management application:/var/lib/luci:/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
memcached:x:497:495:Memcached daemon:/var/run/memcached:/sbin/nologin
mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
oprofile:x:16:16:Special user account to be used by OProfile:/home/oprofile:/sbin/nologin
pegasus:x:66:65:tog-pegasus OpenPegasus WBEM/CIM services:/var/lib/Pegasus:/sbin/nologin
piranha:x:60:60::/etc/sysconfig/ha:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
postgres:x:26:26:PostgreSQL Server:/var/lib/pgsql:/bin/bash
pulse:x:496:494:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin
qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin
radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin
ricci:x:140:140:ricci daemon user:/var/lib/ricci:/sbin/nologin
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
rtkit:x:499:497:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:498:76:"Saslauthd user":/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
stap-server:x:155:155:Systemtap Compile Server:/var/lib/stap-server:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
tomcat:x:91:91:Apache Tomcat:/usr/share/tomcat6:/sbin/nologin
usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
webalizer:x:67:67:Webalizer:/var/www/usage:/sbin/nologin

這時我們想對/etc/passwd中的第三個字段按照數值大小進行排序，敲入man sort 

 -t, --field-separator=SEP
              use SEP instead of non-blank to blank transition

指定分割符

  -k, --key=POS1[,POS2]
              start a key at POS1 (origin 1), end it at POS2 (default  end  of
              line)

指定字段

<span style="font-size:18px;">[root @ hacker:~/桌面]$ sort -t: -k3,4 -n /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
oprofile:x:16:16:Special user account to be used by OProfile:/home/oprofile:/sbin/nologin
postgres:x:26:26:PostgreSQL Server:/var/lib/pgsql:/bin/bash
mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
amandabackup:x:33:6:Amanda user:/var/lib/amanda:/bin/bash
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
piranha:x:60:60::/etc/sysconfig/ha:/sbin/nologin
pegasus:x:66:65:tog-pegasus OpenPegasus WBEM/CIM services:/var/lib/Pegasus:/sbin/nologin
webalizer:x:67:67:Webalizer:/var/www/usage:/sbin/nologin
haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin
vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
tomcat:x:91:91:Apache Tomcat:/usr/share/tomcat6:/sbin/nologin
hsqldb:x:96:96::/var/lib/hsqldb:/sbin/nologin
dovecot:x:97:97:Dovecot IMAP server:/usr/libexec/dovecot:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin
usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin
cimsrvr:x:134:134:tog-pegasus OpenPegasus WBEM/CIM services:/var/lib/Pegasus:/sbin/nologin
ricci:x:140:140:ricci daemon user:/var/lib/ricci:/sbin/nologin
luci:x:141:141:luci high availability management application:/var/lib/luci:/sbin/nologin
stap-server:x:155:155:Systemtap Compile Server:/var/lib/stap-server:/sbin/nologin
avahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin
abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
dovenull:x:495:491:Dovecot's unauthorized user:/usr/libexec/dovecot:/sbin/nologin
pulse:x:496:494:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin
memcached:x:497:495:Memcached daemon:/var/run/memcached:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:498:76:"Saslauthd user":/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
rtkit:x:499:497:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin
hacker:x:500:500:hacker:/home/hacker:/bin/bash
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin</span>

如果我們想讓相同的內容只顯示一次

[root @ hacker:~/桌面]$ cat demo.txt
456
67
111
231
67
111

我們使用sort -u這個命令

[root @ hacker:~/桌面]$ sort -u demo.txt
111
231
456
67