第0章：简介
超文本传输协议 (HTTP-Hypertext transfer protocol) 是一种详细规定了浏览器和万维网服务器之间互相通信的规则，通过因特网传送万维网文档的数据传送协议。HTTP目前协议的版本是1.1.HTTP是一种无状态的协议，无状态是指Web浏览器和Web服务器之间不需要建立持久的连接，这意味着当一个客户端向服务器端发出请求，然后Web服务器返回响应(response)，连接就被关闭了，在服务器端不保留连接的有关信息.HTTP遵循请求(Request)/应答(Response)模型。Web浏览器向Web服务器发送请求，Web服务器处理请求并返回适当的应答。所有HTTP连接都被构造成一套请求和应答。
第0节：HTTP通信机制
第1节：HTTP请求格式
第2节：HTTP应答格式
从编程的角度来讲，如果用户通过GET方法提交数据，则数据存放在QUERY＿STRING环境变量中，而POST方法提交的数据则可以从标准输入流中获取。
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协议状态代码描述HTTP响应的第一行类似于HTTP请求的第一行，它表示通信所用的协议是HTTP1.1服务器已经成功的处理了客户端发出的请求（200表示成功）:
响应头(Response Header)响应头也和请求头一样包含许多有用的信息，例如服务器类型、日期时间、内容类型和长度等：
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第3节：参考网站
http://www.iteye.com/topic/154258
http://www.cnblogs.com/yin-jingyu/archive/2011/08/01/2123548.html
http://blog.csdn.net/javaalpha/article/details/6154437
http://lavasoft.blog.51cto.com/62575/175911/
http://blog.csdn.net/jionghan3855/article/details/2247490
第4节：札记
第1章：实例
http请求处理类（HttpClientHandler.java）:
package com.mcc.core.net;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Vector;
/**
* Http请求服务处理类
*
* @author <a href="mailto:[email protected]">menergy</a>
* DateTime: 14-2-24 下午2:56
*/
public class HttpClientHandler {
private String defaultContentEncoding;
public HttpClientHandler() {
this.defaultContentEncoding = Charset.defaultCharset().name();
}
/**
* 发送GET请求
*
* @param urlString
* URL地址
* @return 响应对象
* @throws IOException
*/
public HttpRespons sendGet(String urlString) throws IOException {
return this.send(urlString, "GET", null, null);
}
/**
* 发送GET请求
*
* @param urlString
* URL地址
* @param params
* 参数集合
* @return 响应对象
* @throws IOException
*/
public HttpRespons sendGet(String urlString, Map<String, String> params)throws IOException {
return this.send(urlString, "GET", params, null);
}
/**
* 发送GET请求
*
* @param urlString
* URL地址
* @param params
* 参数集合
* @param propertys
* 请求属性
* @return 响应对象
* @throws IOException
*/
public HttpRespons sendGet(String urlString, Map<String, String> params,Map<String, String> propertys) throws IOException {
return this.send(urlString, "GET", params, propertys);
}
/**
* 发送POST请求
*
* @param urlString
* URL地址
* @return 响应对象
* @throws IOException
*/
public HttpRespons sendPost(String urlString) throws IOException {
return this.send(urlString, "POST", null, null);
}
/**
* 发送POST请求
*
* @param urlString
* URL地址
* @param params
* 参数集合
* @return 响应对象
* @throws IOException
*/
public HttpRespons sendPost(String urlString, Map<String, String> params)throws IOException {
return this.send(urlString, "POST", params, null);
}
/**
* 发送POST请求
*
* @param urlString
* URL地址
* @param params
* 参数集合
* @param propertys
* 请求属性
* @return 响应对象
* @throws IOException
*/
public HttpRespons sendPost(String urlString, Map<String, String> params,Map<String, String> propertys) throws IOException {
return this.send(urlString, "POST", params, propertys);
}
/**
* 发送HTTP请求
*
* @param urlString
* @return 响映对象
* @throws IOException
*/
private HttpRespons send(String urlString, String method,Map<String, String> parameters, Map<String, String> propertys)throws IOException {
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("GET") && parameters != null) {
StringBuffer param = new StringBuffer();
int i = 0;
for (String key : parameters.keySet()) {
if (i == 0)
param.append("?");
else
param.append("&");
param.append(key).append("=").append(parameters.get(key));
i++;
}
urlString += param;
}
URL url = new URL(urlString);
urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
urlConnection.setRequestMethod(method);
urlConnection.setDoOutput(true);
urlConnection.setDoInput(true);
urlConnection.setUseCaches(false);
if (propertys != null)
for (String key : propertys.keySet()) {
urlConnection.addRequestProperty(key, propertys.get(key));
}
if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("POST") && parameters != null) {
StringBuffer param = new StringBuffer();
for (String key : parameters.keySet()) {
param.append("&");
param.append(key).append("=").append(parameters.get(key));
}
urlConnection.getOutputStream().write(param.toString().getBytes());
urlConnection.getOutputStream().flush();
urlConnection.getOutputStream().close();
}
return this.makeContent(urlString, urlConnection);
}
/**
* 得到响应对象
*
* @param urlConnection
* @return 响应对象
* @throws IOException
*/
private HttpRespons makeContent(String urlString,HttpURLConnection urlConnection) throws IOException {
HttpRespons httpResponser = new HttpRespons();
try {
InputStream in = urlConnection.getInputStream();
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
httpResponser.contentCollection = new Vector<String>();
StringBuffer temp = new StringBuffer();
String line = bufferedReader.readLine();
while (line != null) {
httpResponser.contentCollection.add(line);
temp.append(line).append("\r\n");
line = bufferedReader.readLine();
}
bufferedReader.close();
String ecod = urlConnection.getContentEncoding();
if (ecod == null)
ecod = this.defaultContentEncoding;
httpResponser.urlString = urlString;
httpResponser.defaultPort = urlConnection.getURL().getDefaultPort();
httpResponser.file = urlConnection.getURL().getFile();
httpResponser.host = urlConnection.getURL().getHost();
httpResponser.path = urlConnection.getURL().getPath();
httpResponser.port = urlConnection.getURL().getPort();
httpResponser.protocol = urlConnection.getURL().getProtocol();
httpResponser.query = urlConnection.getURL().getQuery();
httpResponser.ref = urlConnection.getURL().getRef();
httpResponser.userInfo = urlConnection.getURL().getUserInfo();
httpResponser.content = new String(temp.toString().getBytes(), ecod);
httpResponser.contentEncoding = ecod;
httpResponser.code = urlConnection.getResponseCode();
httpResponser.message = urlConnection.getResponseMessage();
httpResponser.contentType = urlConnection.getContentType();
httpResponser.method = urlConnection.getRequestMethod();
httpResponser.connectTimeout = urlConnection.getConnectTimeout();
httpResponser.readTimeout = urlConnection.getReadTimeout();
return httpResponser;
} catch (IOException e) {
throw e;
} finally {
if (urlConnection != null)
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}
/**
* 默认的响应字符集
*/
public String getDefaultContentEncoding() {
return this.defaultContentEncoding;
}
/**
* 设置默认的响应字符集
*/
public void setDefaultContentEncoding(String defaultContentEncoding) {
this.defaultContentEncoding = defaultContentEncoding;
}
/**
* Http请求响应对象
*
* @author <a href="mailto:[email protected]">menergy</a>
* DateTime: 14-2-24 下午3:01
*/
public class HttpRespons {
String urlString;
int defaultPort;
String file;
String host;
String path;
int port;
String protocol;
String query;
String ref;
String userInfo;
String contentEncoding;
String content;
String contentType;
int code;
String message;
String method;
int connectTimeout;
int readTimeout;
Vector<String> contentCollection;
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public String getContentType() {
return contentType;
}
public int getCode() {
return code;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public Vector<String> getContentCollection() {
return contentCollection;
}
public String getContentEncoding() {
return contentEncoding;
}
public String getMethod() {
return method;
}
public int getConnectTimeout() {
return connectTimeout;
}
public int getReadTimeout() {
return readTimeout;
}
public String getUrlString() {
return urlString;
}
public int getDefaultPort() {
return defaultPort;
}
public String getFile() {
return file;
}
public String getHost() {
return host;
}
public String getPath() {
return path;
}
public int getPort() {
return port;
}
public String getProtocol() {
return protocol;
}
public String getQuery() {
return query;
}
public String getRef() {
return ref;
}
public String getUserInfo() {
return userInfo;
}
}
public static void main(String args[]){
try {
HttpClientHandler httpClientHandler = new HttpClientHandler();
HttpRespons httpRespons = httpClientHandler.sendGet("http://www.csdn.net");
System.out.println(httpRespons.getUrlString());
System.out.println(httpRespons.getProtocol());
System.out.println(httpRespons.getHost());
System.out.println(httpRespons.getPort());
System.out.println(httpRespons.getContentEncoding());
System.out.println(httpRespons.getMethod());
System.out.println(httpRespons.getContent());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}