第一單元
1.這些機制中有一種是指令流水線技術，它允許CPU在執行一條指令的同時取出另一條指令。
One such mechanism, the instruction pipeline, allows the CPU to fetch one instruction while simultaneously executing another instruction.
2.這種機制用硬盤充當計算機存儲器的一部分，擴大了計算機的存儲空間，而且降低了價格，因爲一個硬盤字節的價格比一個RAM字節要便宜的多。
This mechanism uses a hard disk as a part of computer's memory, expanding the computer's memory space while minimizing cost, because a byte of hard disk costs less than a byte of RAM.
第二單元
1.DBA通過書寫一系列的定義來創建最初的數據庫模式，這些定義被DDL編譯器翻譯成永久地存儲在數據字典中的表集合。
The DBA creates the original database schema by writing a set of definitions that is translated by the DDL compiler to a set of tables that is stored permanently in the data dictionary.
2.軟件設計者使用專門的應用程序來創建新程序,這種專門程序通常被稱爲實用程序或開發程序。
Software designers create new programs by using special applications, often called utility programs or development programs.
3.程序員還使用另一種稱爲文本編輯器的程序來編寫新程序，新程序是用稱爲程序設計語言的特殊符號來編寫的。
A programmer uses another type of program called a text editor to write the new program in a special notation called a programming language.
4.這些磁盤上稱爲目錄的額外信息，可指明盤上各種程序的名稱、它們寫入盤中的時間以及它們在磁盤介質上的起始位置。
Additional information on such disks, called directories, indicates the names of various programs on the disk, when they were written to the disk, and where the program begins on the disk media.
5.軟件還可以管理硬件的使用方式，比如如何從存儲設備檢索信息。輸入和輸出硬件之間的交互是由稱爲基本輸入輸出系統的軟件控制的。
Software also governs how the hardware is utilized; for example, how information is retrieved from a storage device. The interaction between the input and output hardware is controlled by software called the Basic Input Output System (BIOS) software.
第三單元
1.宏將那些用程序員定義的語言結構編寫的代碼段翻譯成編程語言可以理解的語句。
Macros translate segments of code that have been written in a language structure defined by the programmer into statements that the programming language understands.
2.我們提出了一種分層結構的強化學習方法，以解決計劃生成連貫的多句故事的視覺故事任務的挑戰。
we propose a hierarchically structured reinforcement learning approach to address the challenges of planning for generating coherent multi-sentence stories for the visual storytelling task.
3.在我們的框架中，生成一個給定圖像序列的故事的任務被劃分爲兩個層次的解碼器。高級譯碼器通過生成語義概念(即，主題)爲每個圖像序列。
Within our framework, the task of generating a story given a sequence of images is divide across a two-level hierachical decoder. The high-level decoder constructs a plan by generating a semantic concept (i.e.,topic) for each image in sequence.
4.底層解碼器使用語義組合網絡爲每個圖像生成一個句子，這有效地根據主題確定句子的生成。
The low-level decoder generates a sentence for each image using a semantic compositional network,which effectively grounds the sentece generation conditioned on the topic.
5.利用增強學習對兩個解碼器進行端到端的聯合訓練。我們在視覺講故事(VIST)數據集上評估我們的模型。
The two docoder are jointly trianed end-to-end using reinforcement learning. We evaluate our model on the visual storytelling dataset.
6.來自自動和人工評估的經驗結果表明，與強平面深度強化學習基線相比，提出的層次結構強化訓練具有更好的性能。
Empirical results from both automatic and human evaluations demonstrate that the proposed hierarchically structrued reinrorced training achieves significantly better performance compared to a strong flat deep reinforcement learning baseline.
第四單元
1. 要使程序中的指令得到執行，計算機必須執行該程序，也就是說，計算機要讀取該程序，然後按確切的順序執行程序中編碼的步驟，直至程序結束。
For the instructions to be carried out, a computer must execute a program, that is, the computer reads a program, and then follows the steps encoded in the program in a precise order until completion.
2.一個程序可被多次執行，每次執行可能產生不同的結果。這取決於用戶提供給計算機的操作和數據。
A program can be executed many different times, with each execution yielding a potentially different result depending upon the operations and data that the user gives the computer.
3.今天，彙編語言很少用來編寫整個程序，但是常用於程序員需要直接控制計算機某方面功能的情況。
Today, assembly language is rarely used to write an entire program, but is instead most often used when the programmer needs to directly control some aspect of the computer’s function.
4.程序經常被編寫爲一組較小的程序塊，每塊表示整個應用程序的某個方面。
Programs are often written as a set of smaller pieces, with each piece representing some aspect of the overall application program.
5.使計算機如此有用的能力之一是它們能夠作出條件判定，並根據正在處理的條件數據值執行不同的指令。
One of the capabilities that make computers so useful is their ability to make conditional decisions and perform different instructions based on the values of data being processed.
第五單元
1.通常，在它需要修改之前會使用一段時間。
Usually, it is in use for a while before modifications are necessary.
2.由於軟件中錯誤的發現、規則的改變或公司本身的變化都導致軟件需要經常修改。
Modification is often needed due to errors found in the software, changes in rules or laws, or changes in the company itself.
3.整個開發過程始於分析階段，這個階段顯示程序包應該做什麼。
The development process starts with the analysis phase, which shows what the package should do.
4.在這個階段，系統分析員定義需求，指出系統所要實現的目標。
In this phase, the systems analyst defines requirements that specify what the proposed system is to accomplish.
5.設計階段定義系統怎樣完成在分析階段所定義的需求。
The design phase defines how the system will accomplish what was defined in the analysis phase.
6.結構圖顯示瞭如何將軟件包分解成邏輯步驟.
A structure chart shows how to break your package into logical steps.
7.僞代碼部分是英文，部分是用精確的算法細節來描述程序將完成什麼的程序邏輯。
Pseudocode is part English and part program logic that describes, in precise algorithmic detail, what the program is to do.