Android中休眠與喚醒之wake_lock, early_suspend, late_resume

        最近研究如何讓Android不休眠。聽組裏人說,機器在充電的時候不休眠。我試了一下,確實是,串口可以使用(CONFIG_PM_DEBUG並沒有打開)。

這個時候,LCD顯示屏是休眠了,觸摸屏也休眠了,其他的比如重力傳感器等就沒有看了,但是標準的Linux系統並沒有進入休眠。看了網上好多關於Android系統的休眠與喚醒

例子,感覺有些懵懵懂懂的。於是,還是看內核代碼吧。

        Android在標準的Linux休眠與喚醒機制上又加了一層,就是early_suspend / late_resume。顧名思意,使用early_suspend()進行休眠的設備,它休眠的時刻早於其他設備,使用late_resume()喚醒的設備,它被喚醒的時刻要晚於其他設備。這對函數通常成對出現,當內核打開了CONFIG_EARLY_SUSPEND(Android默認打開)後,就可以使

用這組函數來代替驅動中標準的 suspend / resume接口。

        好了,講到early_suspend和late_resume,似乎必須要扯到一種叫做wake_lock的鎖定機制了。其實,單純從某個設備的驅動程序上來講,未必需要用到wake_lock機制,

比如我們的觸摸屏驅動中使用了early_suspend,就沒有使用wake_lock.

       目前,我瞭解到的,wake_lock的用途只有一個,那就是防止系統進入休眠(這裏的休眠,指的是標準的Linux的休眠,不包含使用early_suspend()進行休眠的設備,

使用early_suspend()的設備,在系統還有wake_lock鎖的時候,也是要休眠的)。

       好吧,現在是時候分析下Android/Linux的休眠與喚醒了,雖然好多先人 都已經講了這些,而且講的還不錯,這裏我還是要提一下。

root@android:/ # ls /sys/power/                                                
pm_async
state
wait_for_fb_sleep
wait_for_fb_wake
wake_lock
wake_unlock
wakeup_count

       這裏,我只關注state,當state 的值變化時,內核會調用

static ssize_t state_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
               const char *buf, size_t n)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SUSPEND
#ifdef CONFIG_EARLYSUSPEND
    suspend_state_t state = PM_SUSPEND_ON;
#else
    suspend_state_t state = PM_SUSPEND_STANDBY;
#endif
    const char * const *s; 
#endif
    char *p; 
    int len;
    int error = -EINVAL;

    p = memchr(buf, '\n', n); 
    len = p ? p - buf : n;

    /* First, check if we are requested to hibernate */
    if (len == 4 && !strncmp(buf, "disk", len)) {
        error = hibernate();
  goto Exit;
    }   

#ifdef CONFIG_SUSPEND
    for (s = &pm_states[state]; state < PM_SUSPEND_MAX; s++, state++) {
        if (*s && len == strlen(*s) && !strncmp(buf, *s, len))
            break;
    }   
    if (state < PM_SUSPEND_MAX && *s) 
#ifdef CONFIG_EARLYSUSPEND
        if (state == PM_SUSPEND_ON || valid_state(state)) {
            error = 0;
            request_suspend_state(state);//這裏,進入了Android的休眠與喚醒的處理函數
        }
#else
        error = enter_state(state);
#endif
#endif

 Exit:
    return error ? error : n;
}

power_attr(state);


看看
request_suspend_state()都幹了些什麼事情

void request_suspend_state(suspend_state_t new_state)
{
    unsigned long irqflags;
    int old_sleep;

    spin_lock_irqsave(&state_lock, irqflags);
    old_sleep = state & SUSPEND_REQUESTED;
    if (debug_mask & DEBUG_USER_STATE) {
        struct timespec ts; 
        struct rtc_time tm; 
        getnstimeofday(&ts);
        rtc_time_to_tm(ts.tv_sec, &tm);
        pr_info("request_suspend_state: %s (%d->%d) at %lld "
            "(%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d.%09lu UTC)\n",
            new_state != PM_SUSPEND_ON ? "sleep" : "wakeup",
            requested_suspend_state, new_state,
            ktime_to_ns(ktime_get()),
            tm.tm_year + 1900, tm.tm_mon + 1, tm.tm_mday,
            tm.tm_hour, tm.tm_min, tm.tm_sec, ts.tv_nsec);
    }   
    if (!old_sleep && new_state != PM_SUSPEND_ON) {
        state |= SUSPEND_REQUESTED;
        queue_work(suspend_work_queue, &early_suspend_work);//在休眠的時候,去遍歷執行early_suspend_work這個隊列
    } else if (old_sleep && new_state == PM_SUSPEND_ON) {
        state &= ~SUSPEND_REQUESTED;
        wake_lock(&main_wake_lock);
        queue_work(suspend_work_queue, &late_resume_work);//在喚醒的時候,去遍歷執行late_resume_work這個隊列
    }   
    requested_suspend_state = new_state;
    spin_unlock_irqrestore(&state_lock, irqflags);
}

        怎麼樣,是不是很簡單,根據用戶/系統所請求的狀態,去做相應的動作(休眠/喚醒)

能用到的一些變量的聲明在這裏

static void early_suspend(struct work_struct *work);
static void late_resume(struct work_struct *work);
static DECLARE_WORK(early_suspend_work, early_suspend);
static DECLARE_WORK(late_resume_work, late_resume);
         看名字也知道了,early_suspend這個函數指針來處理early_suspend_work這條隊列,late_resume 這個函數指針來處理late_resume_work這條隊列。

         雖然函數early_suspend()和late_resume()的實現都非常易懂,這裏還是要貼出來,因爲還有些東西要分析一下。

static void early_suspend(struct work_struct *work)
{
    struct early_suspend *pos;
    unsigned long irqflags;
    int abort = 0;

    mutex_lock(&early_suspend_lock);
    spin_lock_irqsave(&state_lock, irqflags);
    if (state == SUSPEND_REQUESTED)
        state |= SUSPENDED;
    else
        abort = 1;
    spin_unlock_irqrestore(&state_lock, irqflags);

    if (abort) {
        if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
            pr_info("early_suspend: abort, state %d\n", state);
        mutex_unlock(&early_suspend_lock);
        goto abort;
    }

    if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
        pr_info("early_suspend: call handlers\n");
    list_for_each_entry(pos, &early_suspend_handlers, link) {//這裏就是關鍵了,遍歷early_suspend_handler這條鏈表(在驅動中註冊early_suspend的時候,都註冊到這條鏈表上了)
        if (pos->suspend != NULL) {
            if (debug_mask & DEBUG_VERBOSE)
                pr_info("early_suspend: calling %pf\n", pos->suspend);
            pos->suspend(pos);//調用各個實現進行各設備的休眠
        }
    }
    mutex_unlock(&early_suspend_lock);

    if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
        pr_info("early_suspend: sync\n");

    sys_sync();
abort:
    spin_lock_irqsave(&state_lock, irqflags);
    if (state == SUSPEND_REQUESTED_AND_SUSPENDED)
        wake_unlock(&main_wake_lock);//這裏很重要,別小看這個一個wake_unlock,起初我也以爲這僅僅是一個釋放main鎖,其實裏面有玄機呢。還記得wake_lock主要用來幹嘛麼,用來防止系統休眠,也就是說,只要系統中其他地方還擁有wake_lock鎖(類型WAKE_LOCK_SUSPEND),系統就沒法進入休眠,如果沒有鎖了,那就要接着走標準Linux的那一套休眠機制了
    spin_unlock_irqrestore(&state_lock, irqflags);
}
先跳過late_resume()。來看下wake_unlock()的實現吧

void wake_unlock(struct wake_lock *lock)
{
    int type;
    unsigned long irqflags;
    spin_lock_irqsave(&list_lock, irqflags);
    type = lock->flags & WAKE_LOCK_TYPE_MASK;
#ifdef CONFIG_WAKELOCK_STAT
    wake_unlock_stat_locked(lock, 0); 
#endif
    if (debug_mask & DEBUG_WAKE_LOCK)
        pr_info("wake_unlock: %s\n", lock->name);
    lock->flags &= ~(WAKE_LOCK_ACTIVE | WAKE_LOCK_AUTO_EXPIRE);
    list_del(&lock->link);
    list_add(&lock->link, &inactive_locks);
    if (type == WAKE_LOCK_SUSPEND) {//類型,驅動中一般只有這一種類型
        long has_lock = has_wake_lock_locked(type);
        if (has_lock > 0) {
            if (debug_mask & DEBUG_EXPIRE)
                pr_info("wake_unlock: %s, start expire timer, "
                    "%ld\n", lock->name, has_lock);
            mod_timer(&expire_timer, jiffies + has_lock);
        } else {
            if (del_timer(&expire_timer))
                if (debug_mask & DEBUG_EXPIRE)
                    pr_info("wake_unlock: %s, stop expire "
                        "timer\n", lock->name);
            if (has_lock == 0)//如果沒有鎖了,要進入標準Linux的休眠機制了,咱們接着往下跟
                queue_work(suspend_work_queue, &suspend_work);
        }   
        if (lock == &main_wake_lock) {
            if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
                print_active_locks(WAKE_LOCK_SUSPEND);
#ifdef CONFIG_WAKELOCK_STAT
            update_sleep_wait_stats_locked(0);
#endif
        }   
    }   
    spin_unlock_irqrestore(&list_lock, irqflags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(wake_unlock);


這裏就是進入標準Linux的休眠的地方了
static void suspend(struct work_struct *work)
{
    int ret;
    int entry_event_num;
    struct timespec ts_entry, ts_exit;

    if (has_wake_lock(WAKE_LOCK_SUSPEND)) {
        if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
            pr_info("suspend: abort suspend\n");
        return;
    }

    entry_event_num = current_event_num;
    sys_sync();
    if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
        pr_info("suspend: enter suspend\n");
    getnstimeofday(&ts_entry);
    ret = pm_suspend(requested_suspend_state);//這裏是關鍵點
    getnstimeofday(&ts_exit);

    if (debug_mask & DEBUG_EXIT_SUSPEND) {
        struct rtc_time tm;
        rtc_time_to_tm(ts_exit.tv_sec, &tm);
        pr_info("suspend: exit suspend, ret = %d "
            "(%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d.%09lu UTC)\n", ret,
            tm.tm_year + 1900, tm.tm_mon + 1, tm.tm_mday,
            tm.tm_hour, tm.tm_min, tm.tm_sec, ts_exit.tv_nsec);
    }

    if (ts_exit.tv_sec - ts_entry.tv_sec <= 1) {
        ++suspend_short_count;

        if (suspend_short_count == SUSPEND_BACKOFF_THRESHOLD) {
            suspend_backoff();
            suspend_short_count = 0;
        }
    } else {
        suspend_short_count = 0;
    }

    if (current_event_num == entry_event_num) {
        if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
            pr_info("suspend: pm_suspend returned with no event\n");
        wake_lock_timeout(&unknown_wakeup, HZ / 2);
    }
}
static DECLARE_WORK(suspend_work, suspend);

int pm_suspend(suspend_state_t state)
{
    if (state > PM_SUSPEND_ON && state < PM_SUSPEND_MAX)
        return enter_state(state);//正如你所料,開始走Linux那套休眠的流程了
    return -EINVAL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pm_suspend);

       喚醒相關的代碼就不貼 了,跟休眠類似的。

下面講下驅動中如何使用wake_lock和early_suspend,總的來說,還是挺簡單的

比如在設備probe的時候做如下操作

struct early_suspend    early_suspend;

early_suspend.level = EARLY_SUSPEND_LEVEL_BLANK_SCREEN + 1; //等級,等級大小和suspend順序一致,和resume順序相反
early_suspend.suspend = xxx_early_suspend;//指定函數指針,需自己實現
early_suspend.resume = xxx_late_resume;

register_early_suspend(&early_suspend);//註冊進核心,也就是加入剛纔early_suspend_handlers那個鏈表


struct wake_lock    chrg_lock;
wake_lock_init(&chrg_lock, WAKE_LOCK_SUSPEND, "xxx_wake_lock");//初始化類型爲WAKE_LOCK_SUSPEND的wake_lock鎖

#ifdef CONFIG_HAS_EARLYSUSPEND
static void xxx_early_suspend(struct early_suspend *h)
{
       ....
        wake_lock(&chrg_lock);
      ....
}


static void xxx_late_resume(struct early_suspend *h)
{
     .....
        wake_unlock(&chrg_lock);
     ....
}
#endif


 

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