在Ubuntu下安裝Nginx有以下方法,但是如果想要安裝最新版本的就必須下載源碼包編譯安裝。
一、基於APT源安裝
sudo apt-get install nginx
安裝好的文件位置:
/usr/sbin/nginx:主程序
/etc/nginx:存放配置文件
/usr/share/nginx:存放靜態文件
/var/log/nginx:存放日誌
其實從上面的根目錄文件夾可以知道,Linux系統的配置文件一般放在/etc,日誌一般放在/var/log,運行的程序一般放在/usr/sbin或者/usr/bin。
當然,如果要更清楚Nginx的配置項放在什麼地方,可以打開/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
我猜測,Nginx如果指定默認加載/etc/nginx/nginx.conf的配置文件。如果要查看加載的是哪個配置文件,可以用這個命令sudo nginx -t或者ps -ef | grep nginx
然後通過這種方式安裝的,會自動創建服務,會自動在/etc/init.d/nginx新建服務腳本,然後就可以使用sudo service nginx {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}的命令啓動。
腳本如下:
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還有一個好處,創建好的文件由於放在/usr/sbin目錄下,所以能直接在終端中使用nginx命令而無需指定路徑。
二、通過源碼包編譯安裝
這種方式可以自定安裝指定的模塊以及最新的版本。方式更靈活。
官方下載頁面:http://nginx.org/en/download.html
configure配置文件詳解:http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html
安裝gcc g++的依賴庫
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install libtool
安裝pcre依賴庫(http://www.pcre.org/)
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev
安裝zlib依賴庫(http://www.zlib.net)
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
安裝SSL依賴庫(16.04默認已經安裝了)
sudo apt-get install openssl
安裝Nginx
#下載最新版本: wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz #解壓: tar -zxvf nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz #進入解壓目錄: cd nginx-1.13.6 #配置: ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx (使用這個命令配置,不會有任何參數,建議使用下面的命令) 如果用了上面這個命令的話,可以使用下面鏈接中的方法,配置支持ssl,親測可用,非常棒
https://www.codelast.com/%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B-%E4%B8%BAnginx%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0ssl%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97/./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module(使用此命令可以支持ssl,也就是可以配置反向代理)
#編譯: make #安裝: sudo make install #啓動: sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 注意:-c 指定配置文件的路徑,不加的話,nginx會自動加載默認路徑的配置文件,可以通過-h查看幫助命令。 #查看進程: ps -ef | grep nginx
配置軟鏈接
sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx
現在就可以不用路徑直接輸入nginx啓動。
配置開機啓動服務
在/etc/init.d/下創建nginx文件,sudo vim /etc/init.d/nginx,內容如下:
#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: nginx
# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
NAME=nginx
DESC=nginx
# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then
. /etc/default/nginx
fi
STOP_SCHEDULE="${STOP_SCHEDULE:-QUIT/5/TERM/5/KILL/5}"
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
. /lib/init/vars.sh
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
# Try to extract nginx pidfile
PID=$(cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf | grep -Ev '^\s*#' | awk 'BEGIN { RS="[;{}]" } { if ($1 == "pid") print $2 }' | head -n1)
if [ -z "$PID" ]; then
PID=/run/nginx.pid
fi
if [ -n "$ULIMIT" ]; then
# Set ulimit if it is set in /etc/default/nginx
ulimit $ULIMIT
fi
start_nginx() {
# Start the daemon/service
#
# Returns:
# 0 if daemon has been started
# 1 if daemon was already running
# 2 if daemon could not be started
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
|| return 1
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON -- \
$DAEMON_OPTS 2>/dev/null \
|| return 2
}
test_config() {
# Test the nginx configuration
$DAEMON -t $DAEMON_OPTS >/dev/null 2>&1
}
stop_nginx() {
# Stops the daemon/service
#
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been stopped
# 1 if daemon was already stopped
# 2 if daemon could not be stopped
# other if a failure occurred
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=$STOP_SCHEDULE --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
RETVAL="$?"
sleep 1
return "$RETVAL"
}
reload_nginx() {
# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
return 0
}
rotate_logs() {
# Rotate log files
start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR1 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
return 0
}
upgrade_nginx() {
# Online upgrade nginx executable
# http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html
#
# Return
# 0 if nginx has been successfully upgraded
# 1 if nginx is not running
# 2 if the pid files were not created on time
# 3 if the old master could not be killed
if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR2 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME; then
# Wait for both old and new master to write their pid file
while [ ! -s "${PID}.oldbin" ] || [ ! -s "${PID}" ]; do
cnt=`expr $cnt + 1`
if [ $cnt -gt 10 ]; then
return 2
fi
sleep 1
done
# Everything is ready, gracefully stop the old master
if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal QUIT --quiet --pidfile "${PID}.oldbin" --name $NAME; then
return 0
else
return 3
fi
else
return 1
fi
}
case "$1" in
start)
log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
start_nginx
case "$?" in
0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
stop)
log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
stop_nginx
case "$?" in
0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
restart)
log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"
# Check configuration before stopping nginx
if ! test_config; then
log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
exit $?
fi
stop_nginx
case "$?" in
0|1)
start_nginx
case "$?" in
0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
esac
;;
*)
# Failed to stop
log_end_msg 1
;;
esac
;;
reload|force-reload)
log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" "$NAME"
# Check configuration before stopping nginx
#
# This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary
# may differ from the in-memory one, but that's not common.
# We prefer to check the configuration and return an error
# to the administrator.
if ! test_config; then
log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
exit $?
fi
reload_nginx
log_end_msg $?
;;
configtest|testconfig)
log_daemon_msg "Testing $DESC configuration"
test_config
log_end_msg $?
;;
status)
status_of_proc -p $PID "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?
;;
upgrade)
log_daemon_msg "Upgrading binary" "$NAME"
upgrade_nginx
log_end_msg $?
;;
rotate)
log_daemon_msg "Re-opening $DESC log files" "$NAME"
rotate_logs
log_end_msg $?
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
#設置服務腳本有執行權限
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
#註冊服務
cd /etc/init.d/
sudo update-rc.d nginx defaults
現在基本上就可以開機啓動了,常用的命令如下:
sudo service nginx {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}
轉發自: https://www.cnblogs.com/EasonJim/p/7806879.html
參考:
http://www.cnblogs.com/piscesLoveCc/p/5794926.html(以上部分內容轉自此篇文章)