HtmlUnit测试入门

HtmlUnit是junit的扩展框架之一，该框架模拟浏览器的行为，提供API对网页的元素进行操作。HtmlUnit支持HTTP、HTTPS、COOKIES、表单的POST和GET；能够对HTML文档进行包装，页面的各种元素可以被当做对象调用。

HtmlUnit把网页封装成一个对象，然后开发调用方法；HtmlUnit下载地址：http://htmlunit.sourceforge.net/  下砸jar后，用Eclipse创建java project，右键选择properties->java build path->Add External JARs导入jar包后，创建class或junit test case。

一、载入页面

	public void testHomePage() throws Exception{
		final WebClient webclient =new WebClient();
		//creat a new WebClient object which is equal to browser
		webclient.getOptions().setCssEnabled(false);
		webclient.getOptions().setJavaScriptEnabled(false);
		//Not loading CSS and JavaScript
		URL url=new URL("http://www.baidu.com/");
		//structure a URL which points to tested URL, such as www.baidu.com
		HtmlPage page=(HtmlPage) webclient.getPage(url);
		// return corresponding page through method getPage()
		System.out.print(page.getTitleText());
		assertEquals("百度一下，你就知道",page.getTitleText());
	}

WebClient是一个浏览器对象，含有多种浏览器上可进行的操作，，getPage函数就是通过url取得要访问的页面。getPage返回的文档被转化为HtmlPage对象，也就是被包装为HTML格式的对象，该对象可以输出页面的内容，标题，或者一个表格等等。


二、模拟特定浏览器

final WebClient webclient =new WebClient(BrowserVersion.CHROME);
//simulate chrome browser

 三、使用get或xpath方法获取特定元素 

HtmlDivision div2=(HtmlDivision)page2.getHtmlElementById("breadcrumbs");

HtmlDivision div1=(HtmlDivision) page1.getByXPath("//div").get(0); //获取到第一个div

四、输入网页内容

System.out.println(div1.asXml()); //以xml格式输出

System.out.println(div2.asText()); //以txt格式输出

 

五、输入字符并确认

public void testSearch()  throws Exception{ 
		final WebClient webclient =new WebClient();
		//creat a new WebClient object which is equal to browser
		webclient.getOptions().setCssEnabled(false);
		webclient.getOptions().setJavaScriptEnabled(false);
		//Not loading CSS and JavaScript
		URL url=new URL("http://www.baidu.com/");
		//structure a URL which points to tested URL, such as www.baidu.com
		HtmlPage page=(HtmlPage) webclient.getPage(url);
		// return corresponding page through method getPage()
		final HtmlForm form=page.getFormByName("f");
		final HtmlSubmitInput button1=form.getInputByValue("百度一下");//get button by value
		final HtmlTextInput textField =form.getInputByName("wd"); //get textfield by name
		textField.setValueAttribute("python学习");
		final HtmlPage nextPage=button1.click(); //submit search keyword
		String result =nextPage.asXml(); //get search result
		System.out.println(result);