爲方便以後學習和工作，現轉載一批文章，方便以後使用。
來源：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4a0a39c30100auh9.html 作者：風子
如對Android原生(Natvie)C開發還任何疑問，請參閱《Android原生(Native)C開發之一：環境搭建篇》：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4a0a39c30100auh9.html (或者http://android-sz.iteye.com/blog/828246)
雖然現在能通過交叉環境編譯程序，並push到Android上執行，但那只是console臺程序，是不是有些單調呢？下面就要看如何通過Linux的 framebuffer 技術在Android上畫圖形，關於Linux的framebuffer技術，這裏就不再詳細講解了，請大家google一下。
操作framebuffer的主要步驟如下：
1、打開一個可用的FrameBuffer設備；
2、通過mmap調用把顯卡的物理內存空間映射到用戶空間；
3、更改內存空間裏的像素數據並顯示；
4、退出時關閉framebuffer設備。
下面的這個例子簡單地用framebuffer畫了一個漸變的進度條，代碼 framebuf.c 如下：
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <linux/fb.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
inline static unsigned short int make16color(unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b)
{
return (
(((r >> 3) & 31) << 11) |
(((g >> 2) & 63) << 5) |
((b >> 3) & 31) );
}
int main() {
int fbfd = 0;
struct fb_var_screeninfo vinfo;
struct fb_fix_screeninfo finfo;
long int screensize = 0;
char *fbp = 0;
int x = 0, y = 0;
int guage_height = 20, step = 10;
long int location = 0;
// Open the file for reading and writing
fbfd = open("/dev/graphics/fb0", O_RDWR);
if (!fbfd) {
printf("Error: cannot open framebuffer device.\n");
exit(1);
}
printf("The framebuffer device was opened successfully.\n");
// Get fixed screen information
if (ioctl(fbfd, FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO, &finfo)) {
printf("Error reading fixed information.\n");
exit(2);
}
// Get variable screen information
if (ioctl(fbfd, FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO, &vinfo)) {
printf("Error reading variable information.\n");
exit(3);
}
printf("sizeof(unsigned short) = %d\n", sizeof(unsigned short));
printf("%dx%d, %dbpp\n", vinfo.xres, vinfo.yres, vinfo.bits_per_pixel );
printf("xoffset:%d, yoffset:%d, line_length: %d\n", vinfo.xoffset, vinfo.yoffset, finfo.line_length );
// Figure out the size of the screen in bytes
screensize = vinfo.xres * vinfo.yres * vinfo.bits_per_pixel / 8;;
// Map the device to memory
fbp = (char *)mmap(0, screensize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,
fbfd, 0);
if ((int)fbp == -1) {
printf("Error: failed to map framebuffer device to memory.\n");
exit(4);
}
printf("The framebuffer device was mapped to memory successfully.\n");
//set to black color first
memset(fbp, 0, screensize);
//draw rectangle
y = (vinfo.yres - guage_height) / 2 - 2; // Where we are going to put the pixel
for (x = step - 2; x < vinfo.xres - step + 2; x++) {
location = (x+vinfo.xoffset) * (vinfo.bits_per_pixel/8) +
(y+vinfo.yoffset) * finfo.line_length;
*((unsigned short int*)(fbp + location)) = 255;
}
y = (vinfo.yres + guage_height) / 2 + 2; // Where we are going to put the pixel
for (x = step - 2; x < vinfo.xres - step + 2; x++) {
location = (x+vinfo.xoffset) * (vinfo.bits_per_pixel/8) +
(y+vinfo.yoffset) * finfo.line_length;
*((unsigned short int*)(fbp + location)) = 255;
}
x = step - 2;
for (y = (vinfo.yres - guage_height) / 2 - 2; y < (vinfo.yres + guage_height) / 2 + 2; y++) {
location = (x+vinfo.xoffset) * (vinfo.bits_per_pixel/8) +
(y+vinfo.yoffset) * finfo.line_length;
*((unsigned short int*)(fbp + location)) = 255;
}
x = vinfo.xres - step + 2;
for (y = (vinfo.yres - guage_height) / 2 - 2; y < (vinfo.yres + guage_height) / 2 + 2; y++) {
location = (x+vinfo.xoffset) * (vinfo.bits_per_pixel/8) +
(y+vinfo.yoffset) * finfo.line_length;
*((unsigned short int*)(fbp + location)) = 255;
}
// Figure out where in memory to put the pixel
for ( x = step; x < vinfo.xres - step; x++ ) {
for ( y = (vinfo.yres - guage_height) / 2; y < (vinfo.yres + guage_height) / 2; y++ ) {
location = (x+vinfo.xoffset) * (vinfo.bits_per_pixel/8) +
(y+vinfo.yoffset) * finfo.line_length;
if ( vinfo.bits_per_pixel == 32 ) {
*(fbp + location) = 100; // Some blue
*(fbp + location + 1) = 15+(x-100)/2; // A little green
*(fbp + location + 2) = 200-(y-100)/5; // A lot of red
*(fbp + location + 3) = 0; // No transparency
} else { //assume 16bpp
unsigned char b = 255 * x / (vinfo.xres - step);
unsigned char g = 255; // (x - 100)/6 A little green
unsigned char r = 255; // A lot of red
unsigned short int t = make16color(r, g, b);
*((unsigned short int*)(fbp + location)) = t;
}
}
//printf("x = %d, temp = %d\n", x, temp);
//sleep to see it
usleep(200);
}
//clean framebuffer
munmap(fbp, screensize);
close(fbfd);
return 0;
}
注意，在Android環境，framebuffer設備不是象linux一樣的 /dev/fb0，而是 /dev/graphics/fb0 ，
fbfd = open("/dev/graphics/fb0", O_RDWR);
打開framebuffer設備，
fbp = (char *)mmap(0, screensize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,
fbfd, 0);
將設備map到一塊內存，然後就可以操作這塊內存空間來顯示你想畫的圖形了。
最後別忘了關閉設備：
munmap(fbp, screensize);
close(fbfd);
效果圖如下：
