之前整過CentOS，整了Ubuntu才發現，Ubuntu簡單多了～～不知道性能相比又如何。
以Ubtuntu 14.04爲例，記錄一下搭建流程。
安裝注意點
1. IP地址
安裝時先不要插網線，不然會DHCP，後續配置起來也麻煩
2. 硬盤分區
自動分區貌似有：/、swap、efiswap、/boot（200MB）
實際兩個區就足夠了：swap爲內存的1～2倍大小，剩餘皆爲/
IP配置
裝完後一般遠程連接，需要配置ip地址，以下是多ip配置。（安裝時會以嚮導形式配好一個IP，修改時只要複製粘貼就可以）
vi /etc/network/interfaces配置信息：
# The primary network interface
auto em0
iface em0 inet static
address 192.168.1.1
netmask 255.255.252.0
network 192.168.1.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255
gateway 192.168.8.254
# dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed
dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.8.9
# dns-search 163.com
# The second network interface
auto em1
iface em1 inet static
address 192.168.1.2
netmask 255.255.252.0
network 192.168.1.0
重啓網卡（貌似不一定生效，reboot肯定可以）
/etc/init.d/networking restartSSH服務器
apt-get install ssh默認安裝後vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config，修改配置文件。
安全起見，可以建立允許列表：
1. 修改/etc/hosts.allow：
sshd: 192.168.1. , 192.168.0. : allow2. 修改/etc/hosts.deny：
sshd : ALL系統更新
先更新源，用以Trusty Tahr (14.04)爲例，其他版本看配置生成器
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse再更新apt-get
apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade然後更新系統並重啓
sudo apt-get install update補充：ssh終端亂碼問題
ubuntu默認是中文編碼，然後又沒法正常中文，因此putty連接時會亂碼，只要設定即可 /etc/default/locale：
LANG=”zh_CN.UTF-8″
LANGUAGE=”zh_CN:zh:en_US:en”如果不行：
1. 查看 /var/lib/locales/supported.d/local 中設定的字符集：
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_CN.GBK GBK
zh_CN GB2312保存後，執行命令：sudo locale-gen
- 打開
/etc/environment，添加：
LANG=”zh_CN.UTF-8″
LANGUAGE=”zh_CN:zh:en_US:en”reboot 即可
Samba安裝網上鄰居
- 默認安裝 apt-get install samba
- 爲samba創建ubuntu系統已經存在的用戶somebody：
smbpasswd -a somebody然後會提示你輸入密碼，這是訪問網上鄰居文件夾的密碼。
3. 修改配置文件：
cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak
vi /etc/samba/smb.conf在其後增加共享目錄：
[share]
path = /home/somebody/samba_share
available = yes
browseable = yes
public = no
writable = yes
[home]
comment = Users' Home
path = /home
admin users = somebody
writable = yes
hosts deny = ALL
hosts allow = 192.168.1.7
[www]
path = /var/www
admin users = somebody
writable = yes
hosts deny = ALL
hosts allow = 192.168.1.7
[logs]
path = /var/log
read only = yes
- 重啓samba就可以像windows一樣訪問
/etc/init.d/samba restart 安裝apache2
apt-get install apache2 裝好後訪問http://localhost就可以看到“It Works!”
apache2配置文件在/etc/apache2/apache2.conf，web目錄在/var/www/html
默認用戶是www-data，定義在./envvars文件中
其他配置文件在：./sites-enabled/*.conf
啓用rewrite
sudo a2enmod rewrite並修改AllowOverride None 爲AllowOverride All
安裝mysql
apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client安裝過程需要設置root的密碼。Ubuntu下，MySQL的配置信息在/etc/mysql目錄
MySQL默認的字符集是latin1：
爲了避免中文可能帶來的亂碼問題，將默認字符集改成utf-8，具體可以參考這篇文章，修改 /etc/mysql/my.cnf 文件，在相應位置添加：
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8修改後是這樣的：
安裝php5及Apache的php5模塊
apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-mysql php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-snmp php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl安裝php7
apt-get install php libapache2-mod-php php7.0-mysqlOK! It Works!
安裝常用模塊(gd mysql-dev mbstring)
apt install libmysqlclient-dev libmysql++-dev php7.0-mysql php7.0-gd fp-compiler php7.0-mbstringApache配置
<VirtualHost ip or *:80>
# The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that
# the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating
# redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName
# specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to
# match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this
# value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.
# However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.
#ServerName www.example.com
ServerAdmin webmaster1@localhost
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
ServerName ip or domain
# Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
# error, crit, alert, emerg.
# It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
# modules, e.g.
#LogLevel info ssl:warn
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
# For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
# enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
# include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
# following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
# after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
#Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conif
<Directory "/var/www/html">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
Alias /something "/var/www/html/public"
<Directory "/var/www/yzoi/public">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
FTP Server
vsftpd安裝與配置，戳這裏
可能會出現的問題：
ServerName問題
apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for localhost
....
ServerName error明明在apache2.conf裏設置了ServerName，apache2還是報錯？那麼就是系統host名的關係，在/etc/hosts中：
127.0.0.1 localhost
user-ip-address domain.com hostname
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
domain.com是你設定的域名，hostname是你主機名，最好和/etc/hostname主機名一致