保留關鍵字(Reserved Words)導致的Jpa保存錯誤

使用Jpa操作數據庫時，如果字段名稱使用了數據庫保留關鍵字，會報錯：

Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'option, state, id) values ('2017-09-18 16:50:53.477', '0', '2017-09-18 16:50:53.' at line 1

然後，我到mysql官網查看了一下保留關鍵字都有(帶（R）標識的是保留關鍵字)，我們在創建表的時候，字段名稱表名稱注意避免。

Table 9.2 Keywords and Reserved Words in MySQL 5.5

ACCESSIBLE (R)	ACTION	ADD (R)
AFTER	AGAINST	AGGREGATE
ALGORITHM	ALL (R)	ALTER (R)
ANALYZE (R)	AND (R)	ANY
AS (R)	ASC (R)	ASCII
ASENSITIVE (R)	AT	AUTHORS
AUTOEXTEND_SIZE	AUTO_INCREMENT	AVG
AVG_ROW_LENGTH	BACKUP	BEFORE (R)
BEGIN	BETWEEN (R)	BIGINT (R)
BINARY (R)	BINLOG	BIT
BLOB (R)	BLOCK	BOOL
BOOLEAN	BOTH (R)	BTREE
BY (R)	BYTE	CACHE
CALL (R)	CASCADE (R)	CASCADED
CASE (R)	CATALOG_NAME	CHAIN
CHANGE (R)	CHANGED	CHAR (R)
CHARACTER (R)	CHARSET	CHECK (R)
CHECKSUM	CIPHER	CLASS_ORIGIN
CLIENT	CLOSE	COALESCE
CODE	COLLATE (R)	COLLATION
COLUMN (R)	COLUMNS	COLUMN_NAME
COMMENT	COMMIT	COMMITTED
COMPACT	COMPLETION	COMPRESSED
CONCURRENT	CONDITION (R)	CONNECTION
CONSISTENT	CONSTRAINT (R)	CONSTRAINT_CATALOG
CONSTRAINT_NAME	CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA	CONTAINS
CONTEXT	CONTINUE (R)	CONTRIBUTORS
CONVERT (R)	CPU	CREATE (R)
CROSS (R)	CUBE	CURRENT_DATE (R)
CURRENT_TIME (R)	CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (R)	CURRENT_USER (R)
CURSOR (R)	CURSOR_NAME	DATA
DATABASE (R)	DATABASES (R)	DATAFILE
DATE	DATETIME	DAY
DAY_HOUR (R)	DAY_MICROSECOND (R)	DAY_MINUTE (R)
DAY_SECOND (R)	DEALLOCATE	DEC (R)
DECIMAL (R)	DECLARE (R)	DEFAULT (R)
DEFINER	DELAYED (R)	DELAY_KEY_WRITE
DELETE (R)	DESC (R)	DESCRIBE (R)
DES_KEY_FILE	DETERMINISTIC (R)	DIRECTORY
DISABLE	DISCARD	DISK
DISTINCT (R)	DISTINCTROW (R)	DIV (R)
DO	DOUBLE (R)	DROP (R)
DUAL (R)	DUMPFILE	DUPLICATE
DYNAMIC	EACH (R)	ELSE (R)
ELSEIF (R)	ENABLE	ENCLOSED (R)
END	ENDS	ENGINE
ENGINES	ENUM	ERROR[a]
ERRORS	ESCAPE	ESCAPED (R)
EVENT	EVENTS	EVERY
EXECUTE	EXISTS (R)	EXIT (R)
EXPANSION	EXPLAIN (R)	EXTENDED
EXTENT_SIZE	FALSE (R)	FAST
FAULTS	FETCH (R)	FIELDS
FILE	FIRST	FIXED
FLOAT (R)	FLOAT4 (R)	FLOAT8 (R)
FLUSH	FOR (R)	FORCE (R)
FOREIGN (R)	FOUND	FRAC_SECOND[b]
FROM (R)	FULL	FULLTEXT (R)
FUNCTION	GENERAL[c]	GEOMETRY
GEOMETRYCOLLECTION	GET_FORMAT	GLOBAL
GRANT (R)	GRANTS	GROUP (R)
HANDLER	HASH	HAVING (R)
HELP	HIGH_PRIORITY (R)	HOST
HOSTS	HOUR	HOUR_MICROSECOND (R)
HOUR_MINUTE (R)	HOUR_SECOND (R)	IDENTIFIED
IF (R)	IGNORE (R)	IGNORE_SERVER_IDS[d]
IMPORT	IN (R)	INDEX (R)
INDEXES	INFILE (R)	INITIAL_SIZE
INNER (R)	INNOBASE[e]	INNODB[f]
INOUT (R)	INSENSITIVE (R)	INSERT (R)
INSERT_METHOD	INSTALL	INT (R)
INT1 (R)	INT2 (R)	INT3 (R)
INT4 (R)	INT8 (R)	INTEGER (R)
INTERVAL (R)	INTO (R)	INVOKER
IO	IO_THREAD	IPC
IS (R)	ISOLATION	ISSUER
ITERATE (R)	JOIN (R)	KEY (R)
KEYS (R)	KEY_BLOCK_SIZE	KILL (R)
LANGUAGE	LAST	LEADING (R)
LEAVE (R)	LEAVES	LEFT (R)
LESS	LEVEL	LIKE (R)
LIMIT (R)	LINEAR (R)	LINES (R)
LINESTRING	LIST	LOAD (R)
LOCAL	LOCALTIME (R)	LOCALTIMESTAMP (R)
LOCK (R)	LOCKS	LOGFILE
LOGS	LONG (R)	LONGBLOB (R)
LONGTEXT (R)	LOOP (R)	LOW_PRIORITY (R)
MASTER	MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY	MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD[g]
MASTER_HOST	MASTER_LOG_FILE	MASTER_LOG_POS
MASTER_PASSWORD	MASTER_PORT	MASTER_SERVER_ID
MASTER_SSL	MASTER_SSL_CA	MASTER_SSL_CAPATH
MASTER_SSL_CERT	MASTER_SSL_CIPHER	MASTER_SSL_KEY
MASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT (R)	MASTER_USER	MATCH (R)
MAXVALUE (R)	MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR	MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR
MAX_ROWS	MAX_SIZE	MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR
MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS	MEDIUM	MEDIUMBLOB (R)
MEDIUMINT (R)	MEDIUMTEXT (R)	MEMORY
MERGE	MESSAGE_TEXT	MICROSECOND
MIDDLEINT (R)	MIGRATE	MINUTE
MINUTE_MICROSECOND (R)	MINUTE_SECOND (R)	MIN_ROWS
MOD (R)	MODE	MODIFIES (R)
MODIFY	MONTH	MULTILINESTRING
MULTIPOINT	MULTIPOLYGON	MUTEX
MYSQL_ERRNO	NAME	NAMES
NATIONAL	NATURAL (R)	NCHAR
NDB	NDBCLUSTER	NEW
NEXT	NO	NODEGROUP
NONE	NOT (R)	NO_WAIT
NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG (R)	NULL (R)	NUMERIC (R)
NVARCHAR	OFFSET	OLD_PASSWORD
ON (R)	ONE	ONE_SHOT
OPEN	OPTIMIZE (R)	OPTION (R)
OPTIONALLY (R)	OPTIONS	OR (R)
ORDER (R)	OUT (R)	OUTER (R)
OUTFILE (R)	OWNER	PACK_KEYS
PAGE	PARSER	PARTIAL
PARTITION	PARTITIONING	PARTITIONS
PASSWORD	PHASE	PLUGIN
PLUGINS	POINT	POLYGON
PORT	PRECISION (R)	PREPARE
PRESERVE	PREV	PRIMARY (R)
PRIVILEGES	PROCEDURE (R)	PROCESSLIST
PROFILE	PROFILES	PROXY[h]
PURGE (R)	QUARTER	QUERY
QUICK	RANGE (R)	READ (R)
READS (R)	READ_ONLY	READ_WRITE (R)
REAL (R)	REBUILD	RECOVER
REDOFILE	REDO_BUFFER_SIZE	REDUNDANT
REFERENCES (R)	REGEXP (R)	RELAY[i]
RELAYLOG	RELAY_LOG_FILE	RELAY_LOG_POS
RELAY_THREAD	RELEASE (R)	RELOAD
REMOVE	RENAME (R)	REORGANIZE
REPAIR	REPEAT (R)	REPEATABLE
REPLACE (R)	REPLICATION	REQUIRE (R)
RESET	RESIGNAL (R)	RESTORE
RESTRICT (R)	RESUME	RETURN (R)
RETURNS	REVOKE (R)	RIGHT (R)
RLIKE (R)	ROLLBACK	ROLLUP
ROUTINE	ROW	ROWS
ROW_FORMAT	RTREE	SAVEPOINT
SCHEDULE	SCHEMA (R)	SCHEMAS (R)
SCHEMA_NAME	SECOND	SECOND_MICROSECOND (R)
SECURITY	SELECT (R)	SENSITIVE (R)
SEPARATOR (R)	SERIAL	SERIALIZABLE
SERVER	SESSION	SET (R)
SHARE	SHOW (R)	SHUTDOWN
SIGNAL (R)	SIGNED	SIMPLE
SLAVE	SLOW[j]	SMALLINT (R)
SNAPSHOT	SOCKET	SOME
SONAME	SOUNDS	SOURCE
SPATIAL (R)	SPECIFIC (R)	SQL (R)
SQLEXCEPTION (R)	SQLSTATE (R)	SQLWARNING (R)
SQL_BIG_RESULT (R)	SQL_BUFFER_RESULT	SQL_CACHE
SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS (R)	SQL_NO_CACHE	SQL_SMALL_RESULT (R)
SQL_THREAD	SQL_TSI_DAY	SQL_TSI_FRAC_SECOND[k]
SQL_TSI_HOUR	SQL_TSI_MINUTE	SQL_TSI_MONTH
SQL_TSI_QUARTER	SQL_TSI_SECOND	SQL_TSI_WEEK
SQL_TSI_YEAR	SSL (R)	START
STARTING (R)	STARTS	STATUS
STOP	STORAGE	STRAIGHT_JOIN (R)
STRING	SUBCLASS_ORIGIN	SUBJECT
SUBPARTITION	SUBPARTITIONS	SUPER
SUSPEND	SWAPS	SWITCHES
TABLE (R)	TABLES	TABLESPACE
TABLE_CHECKSUM	TABLE_NAME	TEMPORARY
TEMPTABLE	TERMINATED (R)	TEXT
THAN	THEN (R)	TIME
TIMESTAMP	TIMESTAMPADD	TIMESTAMPDIFF
TINYBLOB (R)	TINYINT (R)	TINYTEXT (R)
TO (R)	TRAILING (R)	TRANSACTION
TRIGGER (R)	TRIGGERS	TRUE (R)
TRUNCATE	TYPE	TYPES
UNCOMMITTED	UNDEFINED	UNDO (R)
UNDOFILE	UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE	UNICODE
UNINSTALL	UNION (R)	UNIQUE (R)
UNKNOWN	UNLOCK (R)	UNSIGNED (R)
UNTIL	UPDATE (R)	UPGRADE
USAGE (R)	USE (R)	USER
USER_RESOURCES	USE_FRM	USING (R)
UTC_DATE (R)	UTC_TIME (R)	UTC_TIMESTAMP (R)
VALUE	VALUES (R)	VARBINARY (R)
VARCHAR (R)	VARCHARACTER (R)	VARIABLES
VARYING (R)	VIEW	WAIT
WARNINGS	WEEK	WHEN (R)
WHERE (R)	WHILE (R)	WITH (R)
WORK	WRAPPER	WRITE (R)
X509	XA	XML
XOR (R)	YEAR	YEAR_MONTH (R)
ZEROFILL (R)

^[a] ERROR: added in 5.5.3 (nonreserved)

^[b] FRAC_SECOND: removed in 5.5.3

^[c] GENERAL: added in 5.5.3 (reserved); became nonreserved in 5.5.8

^[d] IGNORE_SERVER_IDS: became nonreserved in 5.5.8

^[e] INNOBASE: removed in 5.5.3

^[f] INNODB: removed in 5.5.3

^[g] MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD: became nonreserved in 5.5.8

^[h] PROXY: added in 5.5.7 (nonreserved)

^[i] RELAY: added in 5.5.3 (nonreserved)

^[j] SLOW: added in 5.5.3 (reserved); became nonreserved in 5.5.8

^[k] SQL_TSI_FRAC_SECOND: removed in 5.5.3