yum使用详解

 

一、yum 安装
CentOS自带(yum-*.noarch.rpm)
 #rpm -ivh yum-*.noarch.rpm

二、 yum的各种参数

在第一次启用yum之前首先需要导入系统的RPM-GPG-KEY：
 #rpm --import /usr/share/doc/centos-release-3(4)/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-3(4)

检查可更新的rpm包
 #yum check-update

更新所有的rpm包
 #yum update

更 新指定的rpm包,如更新kernel和kernel source
 #yum update kernel kernel-source

大 规模的版本升级,与yum update不同的是,连旧的淘汰的包也升级
 #yum upgrade

安装rpm包,如xmms- mp3
 #yum install xmms-mp3

删除 rpm包,包括与该包有倚赖性的包
 #yum remove licq
注:同时会提示删除licq-gnome,licq- qt,licq-text


清除暂存中rpm包文件
 #yum clean packages

清除暂 存中rpm头文件
 #yum clearn headers

清除暂存中旧的rpm头文件
 #yum clean oldheaders

清除暂存中旧的rpm头文件和包文件
 #yum clearn 或#yum clearn all
注: 相当于yum clean packages + yum clean oldheaders

列出资源 库中所有可以安装或更新的rpm包
 #yum list

列出资源库中特定的可以安装或更新以及已经安装的rpm包
 #yum list mozilla
 #yum list mozilla*
注:可以在rpm包名中使用匹配符,如列出所有以mozilla 开头的rpm包

列出资源库中所有可以更新的rpm包
 #yum list updates

列出已经安装 的所有的rpm包
 #yum list installed

列出已经安装的但是不包含在资源库中的rpm包
 #yum list extras
注:通 过其它网站下载安装的rpm包

搜索匹配特定字符的rpm包
 #yum search mozilla
注:在rpm包名,包描述 等中搜索

搜索有包含特定文件名的rpm包
 #yum provides realplay

[编辑]增加资源库
例 如:增加rpm.livna.org作为资源库
安装 Livna.org rpms GPG key
 #rpm --import http://rpm.livna.org/RPM-LIVNA-GPG-KEY
检 查GPG Key
 # rpm -qa gpg-pubkey*
显示Key信息
 #rpm -qi gpg-pubkey-a109b1ec-3f6e28d5
(注:如果要删除Key,使用#rpm -e gpg-pubkey-a109b1ec-3f6e28d5)

yum install yum-fastestmirror -y，这个会自动选择快的那个源。

如果我在那个目录里放了很多源，怎么知道当前用的是那个呢？如果你没有改yum.conf，那么看/var/cache/yum/文件 夹里的一 个time开头的文件，就知道了。

在/etc/yum.repos.d /目录下面可以创建多个.repo的文件名就可以做为源使用了。

Centos5  yum 源--------2009.03.20   上海源
 导入key:  rpm --import http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
vi Centos-Base.repo
[base]
name=mirrors-shlug-org--CentOS-$releasever - Base baseurl=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#released updates [update] name=mirrors-shlug-org--CentOS-$releasever - Updates baseurl=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=mirrors-shlug-org--CentOS-$releasever - Addons baseurl=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=mirrors-shlug-org--CentOS-$releasever - Extras baseurl=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=mirrors-shlug-org--CentOS-$releasever - Plus baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=mirrors-shlug-org--CentOS-$releasever - Contrib baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

 

Centos5  yum 源--------2009.03.20   科技大源
导入KEY：rpm --import http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

[base]
name=centos-ustc-edu-cn--CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#released updates
[update]
name=centos-ustc-edu-cn--CentOS-$releasever - Updates
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=centos-ustc-edu-cn--CentOS-$releasever - Addons
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=centos-ustc-edu-cn--CentOS-$releasever - Extras
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=centos-ustc-edu-cn--CentOS-$releasever - Plus
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5