网络管理

1. IP
1) 临时设置

ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up

# 指定广播
ifconfig eth0 210.34.6.89 netmask 255.255.255.128 broadcast 210.34.6.127

# 修改MAC地址
ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:EE

# 绑定多个IP地址，最多支持255个
ifconfig eth4:0 10.137.7.160 netmask 255.255.255.0 up 

# 添加或删除IP地址
ip addr add 192.168.1.1/24 dev eth0
ip addr del 192.168.1.1/24 dev eth0

# 丢弃源地址属于192.168.2.0/24网络的所有数据报
ip rule add from 192.168.2.0/24 prio 32777 reject

2) 永久设置

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 (Rehat)
vi /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-eth0 (Suse)
DEVICE=eth9
IPADDR=10.137.5.155
NETMASK=255.255.254.0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
GATEWAY=10.137.4.1

3) 重启网络

service network restart
/etc/init.d/network restart
ifdown eth0; ifup eth0
ifconfig eth0 down; ifconfig eth0 up

2. Gateway
1) 临时设置

route add default gw 192.168.30.1 eth0
route del default gw 192.168.30.1 eth0

2) 永久设置

vi /etc/sysconfig/network (Rehat)
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=cbs5155
GATEWAY=10.137.4.1

vi /etc/sysconfig/network/routes (Suse)
default 10.186.18.1 - -

3. DNS

vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 10.98.48.39
nameserver 10.72.255.100

4. 防火墙

service iptables start
service iptables stop

service iptables on
service iptables off

5. 修改主机名
1) Redhat

vi /etc/sysconfig/network
HOSTNAME=CentOS6.7

2) Suse

vi /etc/hostname
Suse11

/etc/rc.d/boot.localnet start

3) 临时指定主机名

hostname Suse11
cat /proc/sys/kernel/hostname

4) IP与hostname映射关系(静态路由表)

vi /etc/hosts
10.186.19.148 CentOS6.7
10.186.19.149 Suse11

6. 路由追踪

traceroute 10.137.5.155

7. ip命令

ip addr
ip rule
ip neigh        # 只显示有效的网卡