一.下載說明
前期的一些準備說明，參考：
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/6999245
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/6723117
MySQL 分爲Community Server 和 Enterprise Edition。 其中Community Server 可以直接從mysql 的官網下載。Enterprice Edition 只能從Oracle edelivery上下載，不過Edelivery 現在已經屏蔽了中國的IP，如果國內的用戶一般不能從edelivery上下載，需要翻牆出去才能下載。
1.1 官方文檔上有關MySQL安裝文件類型說明：
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/index.html
Linux supports anumber of different solutions for installing MySQL. The recommended method isto use one of the distributions from Oracle. If you choose this method, thereare three options available:
（1）Installingfrom a generic binary package in .tar.gz format. See Section 2.2,“Installing MySQL from Generic Binaries on Unix/Linux” for moreinformation.
（2）Extractingand compiling MySQL from a source distribution. For detailed instructions,see Section 2.9, “InstallingMySQL from Source”.
（3）Installingusing a pre-compiled RPM package. For more information on using the RPMsolution, see Section 2.5.1,“Installing MySQL from RPM Packages on Linux”.
--這裏講了3種方式來安裝MySQL數據庫，我這裏用最簡單的RPM 包來安裝。
As analternative, you can use the native package manager within your Linuxdistribution to automatically download and install MySQL for you. Nativepackage installations can take of the download and dependencies required to runMySQL, but the MySQL version will often be some way behind the currentlyavailable release. You will also normally be unable to install developmentalreleases, as these are not usually made available in the native repository. Formore information on using the native package installers, see Section 2.5.2,“Installing MySQL on Linux using Native Package Manager”.
Note
For many Linux installations,you will want to set up MySQL to be started automatically when your machinestarts. Many of the native package installations perform this operation foryou, but for source, binary and RPM solutions you may need to set this upseparately. The required script, mysql.server,can be found in the support-filesdirectory under the MySQL installationdirectory or in a MySQL source tree. You can install itas/etc/init.d/mysql for automatic MySQL startup and shutdown. See Section 2.10.1.2,“Starting and Stopping MySQL Automatically”.
--這裏要注意一個問題，就是設置MySQL的自啓動。 如果使用native package來安裝，會自動設置爲自啓動，如果使用其他的方式，如source，binary和RPM，就需要單獨的來設置自啓動。
1.2 下載安裝包
我這裏下載Community Server 版的，Enterprise Edition版的請到Oracle E-Delivery上下載。Enterprise Edition 有30天的試用期。
Community Server下載地址：http://www.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
這裏要注意的，MySQL的Tar 包還是比較大，要比RPM包大3倍左右。
MySQL 的RPM 包有如下幾個：
看一下每個rpm 包具體的描述：
（1）MySQL-server-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm
The MySQLserver. You need this unless you only want to connect to a MySQL server runningon another machine.
（2）MySQL-client-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm
The standardMySQL client programs. You probably always want to install this package.
（3）MySQL-devel-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm
The librariesand include files that are needed if you want to compile other MySQL clients,such as the Perl modules.
（4）MySQL-debuginfo-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm
This packagecontains debugging information. debuginfo RPMs are never needed touse MySQL software; this is true both for the server and for client programs.However, they contain additional information that might be needed by a debuggerto analyze a crash.
（5）MySQL-shared-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm
This packagecontains the shared libraries (libmysqlclient.so*) that certain languages andapplications need to dynamically load and use MySQL. It containssingle-threaded and thread-safe libraries. Prior toMySQL 5.5.6, if you install this package, do not installthe MySQL-shared-compat package.
（6）MySQL-shared-compat-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm
This packageincludes the shared libraries for MySQL 3.23, 4.0, and so on. It containssingle-threaded and thread-safe libraries. Install this package if you have applicationsinstalled that are dynamically linked against older versions of MySQL but youwant to upgrade to the current version without breaking the librarydependencies. Before MySQL 5.5.6, MySQL-shared-compat also includesthe libraries for the current release, so if you install it, you should notalso install MySQL-shared. As of 5.5.6, MySQL-shared-compat doesnot include the current library version, so there is no conflict.
（7）MySQL-embedded-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm
The embeddedMySQL server library.
（8）MySQL-test-VERSION.glibc23.i386.rpm
This packageincludes the MySQL test suite.
（9）MySQL-VERSION.src.rpm
This containsthe source code for all of the previous packages. It can also be used torebuild the RPMs on other architectures (for example, Alpha or SPARC).
二. 安裝MySQL
2.1 安裝說明
（1）MySQL的安裝包有很多個，作用也不同，在大多數情況下，只需要安裝MySQL-server 和 MySQL-client，其他的包根據需要來安裝。
（2）The server RPM places data underthe /var/lib/mysql directory. The RPM also creates a login accountfor a user named mysql (if one does not exist) to use for running theMySQL server, and creates the appropriate entries in /etc/init.d/ tostart the server automatically at boot time. (This means that if you haveperformed a previous installation and have made changes to its startup script,you may want to make a copy of the script so that you do not lose it when youinstall a newer RPM.)
（3）During RPM installation, a usernamed mysql and a group named mysql are created on thesystem. This is done using the useradd, groupadd,and usermod commands. Those commands require appropriateadministrative privileges, which is required for locally managed users andgroups (as listed in the /etc/passwd and /etc/groupfiles) by theRPM installation process being run by root.
--在MySQL 安裝時，會創建mysql 用戶和mysql組。
（4）MySQL 的相關目錄說明
/usr/bin ：Client programs and scripts -- mysqladmin mysqldump等命令
/usr/sbin： The mysqld server
/var/lib/mysql：Log files, databases --這個目錄就是數據庫的目錄
/usr/share/info：Manual in Info format
/usr/share/man：Unix manual pages
/usr/include/mysql：Include (header) files
/usr/lib/mysql：Libraries
/usr/share/mysql ： Miscellaneous support files,including error messages, character set files, sample configuration files, SQLfor database installation
--mysql.server命令及配置文件
/usr/share/sql-bench： Benchmarks
/etc/rc.d/init.d/: 啓動腳本文件mysql的目錄
2.2 安裝
--安裝Server端：
[root@rac2 software]# ls
MySQL-client-5.5.15-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-devel-5.5.15-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-embedded-5.5.15-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-server-5.5.15-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-shared-5.5.15-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-shared-compat-5.5.15-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-test-5.5.15-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
[root@rac2 software]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.5.15-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-server ########################################### [100%]
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THEMySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue thefollowing commands:
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h rac2password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option ofremoving the test
databases and anonymous user created bydefault. This is
strongly recommended for productionservers.
See the manual for more instructions.
Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbugscript!
[root@rac2 software]#
--- 安裝客戶端
[root@rac2 software]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.5.15-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-client ###########################################[100%]
2.3 其他操作
2.3.1 查看在時創建的mysql用戶和mysql group：
[root@rac2 bin]# cat /etc/passwd|grep mysql
mysql:x:103:106:MySQLserver:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
[root@rac2 bin]# cat /etc/group | grepmysql
mysql:x:106:
2.3.2 修改密碼
--連接MySQL 報錯：
[root@rac2 software]# mysql
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to localMySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)
--啓動MySQL 後，在連正常：
[root@rac2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql start
Starting MySQL... [ OK ]
[root@rac2 init.d]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.15 MySQL CommunityServer (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of OracleCorporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarksof their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' toclear the current input statement.
mysql>
--注意這裏，因爲MySQL默認沒有密碼，所以這裏我們沒有輸入密碼就直接連上了。
--修改密碼，這個是安裝Server 中提示的：
[root@rac2 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password root
[root@rac2 ~]# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
--修改密碼之後，就提示要使用密碼了。
[root@rac2 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.5.15 MySQL CommunityServer (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of OracleCorporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of theirrespective owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' toclear the current input statement.
mysql>
--輸入密碼後成功連接。
2.3.3 查看MySQL端口 3306， 這個是默認端口：
[root@rac2 ~]# netstat -nat|grep 3306
tcp 0 0 192.168.3.100:32842 192.168.3.100:3306 TIME_WAIT
tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN
2.3.4 設置開機自啓動
--查看MySQL 開機自啓動設置：
[root@rac2 ~]# chkconfig --list |grep mysql
mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
這裏的數字分別代表Linux啓動的不同模式，3是命令行，5是窗口。
--關閉開機自啓動
[root@rac2 ~]# chkconfig mysql off
[root@rac2 ~]# chkconfig --list |grep mysql
mysql 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
--啓用開機自啓動：
[root@rac2 ~]# chkconfig mysql on
[root@rac2 ~]# chkconfig --list |grep mysql
mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
[root@rac2 ~]#
--將Mysql 從chkconfig服務裏刪除：
[root@rac2 ~]# chkconfig --del mysql
[root@rac2 ~]# chkconfig --list |grep mysql
--將Mysql 添加到chkconfig裏：
[root@rac2 ~]# chkconfig --add mysql
[root@rac2 ~]# chkconfig --list |grep mysql
mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
2.4 數據庫操作
[root@rac2 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.5.15 MySQL CommunityServer (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of OracleCorporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarksof their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' toclear the current input statement.
--查看已經存在的數據庫，這幾個是安裝時自動創建的
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--使用mysql 數據庫
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion oftable and column names
You can turn off this feature to get aquicker startup with -A
Database changed
--查看mysql 數據庫下面的表
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| host |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| proxies_priv |
| servers |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
24 rows in set (0.01 sec)
--創建數據庫Dave
mysql> create database dave;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
--在dave 數據庫下面創建dave表：
mysql> use dave;
Database changed
mysql> create table dave(id int,namechar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
--查看dave 表結構：
mysql> desc dave;
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--向dave 表裏插入2條記錄：
mysql> insert into davevalues(1,'dave');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into davevalues(2,'anqing');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from dave;
+------+--------+
| id | name |
+------+--------+
| 1 | dave |
| 2 | anqing |
+------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--update 表：
mysql> update dave set name='david dai'where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from dave;
+------+-----------+
| id | name |
+------+-----------+
| 1 | david dai |
| 2 | anqing |
+------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--drop 表：
mysql> drop table dave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
--drop 數據庫：
mysql> drop database dave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
至此，操作結束。
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
版權所有，文章允許轉載，但必須以鏈接方式註明源地址，否則追究法律責任!
轉至：http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/7001808
=================================================
最後創建遠程連接帳號：
首先要聲明一下：一般情況下，修改MySQL密碼，授權，是需要有mysql裏的root權限的。
注：本操作是在WIN命令提示符下，phpMyAdmin同樣適用。
用戶：phplamp
用戶數據庫：phplampDB
1.MySQL命令行新建用戶
//登錄MYSQL
@>mysql -u root -p
@>密碼
//創建用戶
mysql> insert into mysql.user(Host,User,Password) values('localhost','phplamp',password('1234'));
//刷新系統權限表
mysql>flush privileges;
這樣就創建了一個名爲：phplamp 密碼爲：1234 的用戶。
//退出後登錄一下
mysql>exit;
@>mysql -u phplamp -p
@>輸入密碼
mysql>登錄成功
2.MySQL命令行爲用戶授權
//登錄MYSQL（有ROOT權限）。我裏我以ROOT身份登錄.
@>mysql -u root -p
@>密碼
//首先爲用戶創建一個數據庫(phplampDB)
mysql>create database phplampDB;
//授權phplamp用戶擁有phplamp數據庫的所有權限
@>grant all privileges on phplampDB.* to phplamp@localhost identified by '1234';
//刷新系統權限表
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>其它操作
//如果想指定部分權限給一用戶，可以這樣來寫:
mysql>grant select,update on phplampDB.* to phplamp@localhost identified by '1234';
//刷新系統權限表。
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql> grant 權限1,權限2,…權限n on 數據庫名稱.表名稱 to 用戶名@用戶地址 identified by ‘連接口令’;
權限1,權限2,…權限n代表select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,index,alter,grant,references,reload,shutdown,process,file等14個權限。
當權限1,權限2,…權限n被all privileges或者all代替，表示賦予用戶全部權限。
當數據庫名稱.表名稱被*.*代替，表示賦予用戶操作服務器上所有數據庫所有表的權限。
用戶地址可以是localhost，也可以是ip地址、機器名字、域名。也可以用’%'表示從任何地址連接。
‘連接口令’不能爲空，否則創建失敗。
例如：
mysql>grant select,insert,update,delete,create,drop on vtdc.employee to [email protected] identified by ‘123′;
給來自10.163.225.87的用戶joe分配可對數據庫vtdc的employee表進行select,insert,update,delete,create,drop等操作的權限，並設定口令爲123。
mysql>grant all privileges on vtdc.* to [email protected] identified by ‘123′;
給來自10.163.225.87的用戶joe分配可對數據庫vtdc所有表進行所有操作的權限，並設定口令爲123。
mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to [email protected] identified by ‘123′;
給來自10.163.225.87的用戶joe分配可對所有數據庫的所有表進行所有操作的權限，並設定口令爲123。
mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to joe@localhost identified by ‘123′;
給本機用戶joe分配可對所有數據庫的所有表進行所有操作的權限，並設定口令爲123。
配置防火牆
1. 修改/etc/sysconfig/iptables 文件:
- vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
- -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
- service iptables restart
- ## OR ##
- /etc/init.d/iptables restart