直接pip install mpi4py不可取。
需要安裝以下依賴包：
https://bitbucket.org/mpi4py/mpi4py/src
Dependencies
Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.2 or above, or PyPy 2.0 or above.
A functional MPI 1.x/2.x/3.x implementation like MPICH or Open MPI built with shared/dynamic libraries.
To work with the in-development version, you need to install Cython.
默認已安裝有anaconda python 2.7.11
依賴包：
1. openmpi
http://blog.csdn.net/swuteresa/article/details/9405383
1.1 編譯器的檢查
gcc --version
g++ --version
python --version
1.2.下載（可先cd /opt/目錄下再wget）
URL: http://www.open-mpi.org/software/ompi/v1.10/
wget https://www.open-mpi.org/software/ompi/v1.10/downloads/openmpi-1.10.2.tar.gz
tar xvzf openmpi-1.10.x.tar.gz
cd openmpi-xxx/
1.3.安裝openMPI（默認至目錄：/usr/local/lib）：
./configure
1.4.安裝所有需要的文件：
sudo make all install
1.5.添加庫共享路徑：
sudo gedit /etc/profile
在profile文件的最後加上一行：
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib
如果是ubuntu server 則 vi ~/.bashrc
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib
使該配置文件生效：
source /etc/profile
1.6.進行測試：
cd openmpi-1.10.2/examples
make
mpirun -np 4 hello_c
注意：如果是root賬戶會提示添加 --allow.xxx參數
2. mpich 和 Cython 二選一安裝，都裝了比較保險
http://www.mpich.org/downloads/
wget http://www.mpich.org/static/downloads/3.2/mpich-3.2.tar.gz
tar xvzf mpich.xxx.tar.gz
cd mpich.xxx/
./configue
make
make install
3. Cython
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/C/Cython/Cython-0.23.4.tar.gz#md5=157df1f69bcec6b56fd97e0f2e057f6e
tar xvzf Cython.xxx.tar.gz好像whl在ubuntu server 14下無法安裝
cd Cython.xxx/
./configure
如果報錯沒有 fortran 77 compiler 就安裝一個，如果./configure再報fortran 90 compiler不管，
apt-get install fortran77-compiler
./configure
make
python setup.py install
檢查
ipython下
輸入import Cython，無錯誤提示表示成功
4.安裝mpi4py
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/mpi4py/#downloads
ubuntu server 14.04用whl安裝有錯誤提示，用tar.gz即可
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/m/mpi4py/mpi4py-2.0.0.tar.gz#md5=4f7d8126d7367c239fd67615680990e3
tar xvzf mpi4py.xxx.tar.gz
cd mpi4py.xxx/
python setup.py install
檢查
ipython下
輸入import mpi4py
輸入from mpi4py import MPI
均無錯誤提示，表示安裝成功。