[心得]mysql基本命令整理

看過了好多數據庫概念，下面要進入實戰了。看基本命令。

登陸mysql：
$ mysql -u root -pxxx
應該看到類似這樣的提示信息纔算登錄成功：
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

可以通過這個命令查看到初始的3個數據庫：
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| test               |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.13 sec)

用exit退出mysql

增加用戶的操作爲：
GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE on mydb.* to [email=tangchen@localhost]tangchen@localhost][/email] identified by "";
免密

操作數據
創建
mysql> CREAT DATABASE mydb;
mysql> GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,DROP,ALTER on mydb.* to tangchen@localhost identified by "";

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
mysql> CREATE DATABASE mydb;
mysql> DROP DATABASE mydb;

mysql> CREATE DATABASE mydb;
mysql> USE mydb;

mysql中select類似其他語言的print語句

操作表
mysql> CREATE TABLE mytbl
->(
-> id INT(4) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> name CHAR(20) NOT　NULL,
-> sex INT(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
-> degree double(16,2));

獲取表的結構
mysql> DESC mytbl;
或者
mysql> SHOW columns FROM mytbl;

key有4種值：
'' NULL，可以重複，該列沒有索引或者是一種非唯一的符合索引的非前導列。
PRI 主鍵
UNI 唯一值索引的第一列。

刪除表
mysql> DROP TABLE mytbl;

插入數據
mysql>INSERT INTO mytbl VALUES(1,'liyanhong',96.45);

查詢表
mysql>SELECT * FROM mytbl order by id limit 0,2;

刪除表
mysql>DELETE FROM mytbl WHERE id=1;

更新表
mysql>UPDATE mytbl SET name='tangchen' WHERE id=1;

擴展表
mysql>ALTER TABLE mytbl add score INT(4) default "0";

重命名
mysql>RENAME table mytbl TO mynewtbl;

轉存數據庫
$ mysqldump -uroot -pxxx mydb > mydb.dump;

最後附上一個完整的例子：

DROP DATABASE if exists TESTRECORD;
CREATE DATABASE TESTRECORD;
USE TESTRECORD;
CREATE TABLE rts_rec_tbl
(
caseid INT(4) AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
name CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
config CHAR(30),
totalrun INT(4) DEFAULT '0',
totalfail INT(4) DEFAULT '0',
runfreq INT(2) DEFAULT '0',
logpath CHAR(30));

INSERT INTO rts_rec_tbl VALUES("","test_config","",0,0,0,"");