Paper intensive reading (一)：Your microbiome is what you eat

論文題目：Your microbiome is what you eat

論文簡介：這篇論文是2019年10月17日發表在Nature Reviews Microbiology上的一篇綜述。

• three recent studies highlight how the gut microbiome responds to dietary change, with potential consequences for host–microbiota interactions. 這個mini review點評了三個關於腸道微生物羣在飲食變化上的反應，以及宿主與微生物羣相互作用的潛在後果。

1. Gut bacteria responding to dietary change encode sialidases(唾液酸酶) that exhibit preference for red meat-associated carbohydrates
2. Role of Dietary Flavonoid Compounds in Driving Patterns of Microbial Community Assembly
3. Cooking shapes the structure and function of the gut microbiome
4. related paper: Diet–microbiota interactions and personalized nutrition

Study 1：

• investigated how the gut microbiome responds to a diet that is rich in N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc,羥乙酰神經氨酸), a red-meat-derived sialic(唾液的) acid not found in humans that promotes inflammation and which may be associated with cancer.
•  Neu5Gc-rich diet induced changes in the microbiome, with Bacteroidales(擬桿菌) and Clostridiales(梭菌的) members increasing the most. 
•  confirmed that mouse and human bacterial sialidases release Neu5Gc from red meat, thus potentially reducing inflammation.

Study2：

• investigated how the consumption of flavonoids(類黃酮) affects the composition of the human gut microbiome. 
• The authors performed an ecosystem-based analysis of microbiome, nutritional and questionnaire data from >240 healthy adult men to assess whether consuming specific flavonoid subclasses drives patterns of microbial community assembly. 
• 結論：The six flavonoid subclasses tested were associated with specific microbial community patterns. 
• Consuming flavonoid-rich foods  explained a large proportion of total community variance.
• Indeed, drinking tea once a week was associated with a substantial change in the prevalence of 20 species comprising a subclass-specific microbial community.

Study3:

• found that cooking shapes the gut microbiome. 
• The authors fed conventional mice meat-based or plant-based diets served cooked or raw and surveyed the gut microbiome. 
• Whereas mice fed cooked or raw meat had a similar microbiome, a plant-based diet served raw altered gut microbial structure and function compared to the same diet served cooked.  吃生肉和熟肉的小鼠腸道微生物環境類似，吃生植物和熟植物的小鼠腸道微生物環境不一致

Summary:

These studies highlight that the gut microbiome is plastic and responds to our diet. The knowledge gained from understanding the underlying mechanisms could lead to microbiome-informed  personalized nutrition approaches that promote health.

腸道微生物組是可塑的，可以通過飲食個性化干預來進行。