java導入導出excel操作(jxl)

Java解釋Excel數據（jxl.jar包的使用）

關鍵字: java excel jxl.jar

jxl.jar 包
下載地址:
http://www.andykhan.com/jexcelapi/
真實下載地址:
http://www.andykhan.com/jexcelapi/download.html

網站上對它的特徵有如下描述：
● 支持Excel 95-2000的所有版本
● 生成Excel 2000標準格式
● 支持字體、數字、日期操作
● 能夠修飾單元格屬性
● 支持圖像和圖表
應該說以上功能已經能夠大致滿足我們的需要。最關鍵的是這套API是純Java的，並不依賴Windows系統，即使運行在Linux下，它同樣能夠正確的處理Excel文件。另外需要說明的是，這套API對圖形和圖表的支持很有限，而且僅僅識別PNG格式。
搭建環境
將下載後的文件解包，得到jxl.jar，放入classpath，安裝就完成了。

基本操作

一、創建文件
擬生成一個名爲“測試數據.xls”的Excel文件，其中第一個工作表被命名爲“第一頁”，大致效果如下：

Java代碼

/*
* Created on Dec 30, 2007
*
* To change the template for this generated file go to
* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
package JExcelTest.standard;
import java.io.*;
import jxl.*;
import jxl.write.*;
/**
* @author Ken
*
* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
public class CreateXLS {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//open file.
WritableWorkbook book = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"));
//create Sheet named "Sheet_1". 0 means this is 1st page.
WritableSheet sheet = book.createSheet("Sheet_1", 0);
//define cell column and row in Label Constructor, and cell content write "test".
//cell is 1st-Column,1st-Row. value is "test".
Label label = new Label(0, 0, "test");
//add defined cell above to sheet instance.
sheet.addCell(label);
//create cell using add numeric. WARN:necessarily use integrated package-path, otherwise will be throws path-error.
//cell is 2nd-Column, 1st-Row. value is 789.123.
jxl.write.Number number = new jxl.write.Number(1, 0, 789.123);
//add defined cell above to sheet instance.
sheet.addCell(number);
//add defined all cell above to case.
book.write();
//close file case.
book.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

Java代碼

/*
* Created on Dec 30, 2007
*
* To change the template for this generated file go to
* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
package JExcelTest.standard;
import java.io.*;
import jxl.*;
import jxl.write.*;
/**
* @author Ken
*
* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
public class CreateXLS {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//open file.
WritableWorkbook book = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"));
//create Sheet named "Sheet_1". 0 means this is 1st page.
WritableSheet sheet = book.createSheet("Sheet_1", 0);
//define cell column and row in Label Constructor, and cell content write "test".
//cell is 1st-Column,1st-Row. value is "test".
Label label = new Label(0, 0, "test");
//add defined cell above to sheet instance.
sheet.addCell(label);
//create cell using add numeric. WARN:necessarily use integrated package-path, otherwise will be throws path-error.
//cell is 2nd-Column, 1st-Row. value is 789.123.
jxl.write.Number number = new jxl.write.Number(1, 0, 789.123);
//add defined cell above to sheet instance.
sheet.addCell(number);
//add defined all cell above to case.
book.write();
//close file case.
book.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

/*
 * Created on Dec 30, 2007
 *
 * To change the template for this generated file go to
 * Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
 */
package JExcelTest.standard;

import java.io.*; 
import jxl.*; 
import jxl.write.*; 

/**
 * @author Ken
 *
 * To change the template for this generated type comment go to
 * Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
 */
public class CreateXLS {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			//open file.
			WritableWorkbook book =	Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"));
			
			//create Sheet named "Sheet_1". 0 means this is 1st page.
			WritableSheet sheet = book.createSheet("Sheet_1", 0);
			
			//define cell column and row in Label Constructor, and cell content write "test".
			//cell is 1st-Column,1st-Row. value is "test".
			Label label = new Label(0, 0, "test");
			//add defined cell above to sheet instance.
			sheet.addCell(label);
			
			//create cell using add numeric. WARN:necessarily use integrated package-path, otherwise will be throws path-error.
			//cell is 2nd-Column, 1st-Row. value is 789.123.
			jxl.write.Number number = new jxl.write.Number(1, 0, 789.123);
			//add defined cell above to sheet instance.
			sheet.addCell(number);
			
			//add defined all cell above to case.
			book.write();
			//close file case.
			book.close();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

編譯執行後，會在當前位置產生一個Excel文件。

二、讀取文件
以剛纔我們創建的Excel文件爲例，做一個簡單的讀取操作，程序代碼如下：

Java代碼

/*
* Created on Dec 30, 2007
*
* To change the template for this generated file go to
* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
package JExcelTest.standard;
import java.io.*;
import jxl.*;
/**
* @author Ken
*
* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
public class ReadXLS {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Workbook book = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"));
//get a Sheet object.
Sheet sheet = book.getSheet(0);
//get 1st-Column,1st-Row content.
Cell cell = sheet.getCell(0, 0);
String result = cell.getContents();
System.out.println(result);
book.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

Java代碼

/*
* Created on Dec 30, 2007
*
* To change the template for this generated file go to
* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
package JExcelTest.standard;
import java.io.*;
import jxl.*;
/**
* @author Ken
*
* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
public class ReadXLS {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Workbook book = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"));
//get a Sheet object.
Sheet sheet = book.getSheet(0);
//get 1st-Column,1st-Row content.
Cell cell = sheet.getCell(0, 0);
String result = cell.getContents();
System.out.println(result);
book.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

/*
 * Created on Dec 30, 2007
 *
 * To change the template for this generated file go to
 * Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
 */
package JExcelTest.standard;

import java.io.*;
import jxl.*;

/**
 * @author Ken
 *
 * To change the template for this generated type comment go to
 * Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
 */
public class ReadXLS {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			Workbook book = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"));
			//get a Sheet object. 
			Sheet sheet = book.getSheet(0);
			//get 1st-Column,1st-Row content.
			Cell cell = sheet.getCell(0, 0);
			String result = cell.getContents();
			System.out.println(result);
			book.close();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

	}
}

程序執行結果：test

三、修改文件
利用jExcelAPI可以修改已有的Excel文件，修改Excel文件的時候，除了打開文件的方式不同之外，其他操作和創建Excel是一樣的。下面的例子是在我們已經生成的Excel文件中添加一個工作表：
修改Excel的類，添加一個工作表

Java代碼

/*
* Created on Dec 30, 2007
*
* To change the template for this generated file go to
* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
package JExcelTest.standard;
import java.io.*;
import jxl.*;
import jxl.write.*;
/**
* @author Ken
*
* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
public class UpdateXLS {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//get file.
Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"));
//open a copy file(new file), then write content with same content with Test.xls.
WritableWorkbook book =
Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"), wb);
//add a Sheet.
WritableSheet sheet = book.createSheet("Sheet_2", 1);
sheet.addCell(new Label(0, 0, "test2"));
book.write();
book.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

Java代碼

/*
* Created on Dec 30, 2007
*
* To change the template for this generated file go to
* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
package JExcelTest.standard;
import java.io.*;
import jxl.*;
import jxl.write.*;
/**
* @author Ken
*
* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
public class UpdateXLS {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//get file.
Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"));
//open a copy file(new file), then write content with same content with Test.xls.
WritableWorkbook book =
Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"), wb);
//add a Sheet.
WritableSheet sheet = book.createSheet("Sheet_2", 1);
sheet.addCell(new Label(0, 0, "test2"));
book.write();
book.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

/*
 * Created on Dec 30, 2007
 *
 * To change the template for this generated file go to
 * Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
 */
package JExcelTest.standard;

import java.io.*;
import jxl.*;
import jxl.write.*;

/**
 * @author Ken
 *
 * To change the template for this generated type comment go to
 * Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
 */
public class UpdateXLS {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			//get file.
			Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"));
			//open a copy file(new file), then write content with same content with Test.xls.  
			WritableWorkbook book =
				Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"), wb);
			//add a Sheet.
			WritableSheet sheet = book.createSheet("Sheet_2", 1);
			sheet.addCell(new Label(0, 0, "test2"));
			book.write();
			book.close();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

高級操作

一、數據格式化
在Excel中不涉及複雜的數據類型，能夠比較好的處理字串、數字和日期已經能夠滿足一般的應用。
字串格式化
字符串的格式化涉及到的是字體、粗細、字號等元素，這些功能主要由WritableFont和WritableCellFormat類來負責。假設我們在生成一個含有字串的單元格時，使用如下語句，爲方便敘述，我們爲每一行命令加了編號：
WritableFont font1= new WritableFont(WritableFont.TIMES,16,WritableFont.BOLD);
或
//設置字體格式爲excel支持的格式
WritableFont font3=new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("楷體_GB2312"),12,WritableFont.NO_BOLD );
① WritableCellFormat format1=new WritableCellFormat(font1);
② Label label=new Label(0,0,”data 4 test”,format1)
③ 其中
I.指定了字串格式：字體爲TIMES，字號16，加粗顯示。WritableFont有非常豐富的構造子，供不同情況下使用，jExcelAPI的java-doc中有詳細列表，這裏不再列出。
II.處代碼使用了WritableCellFormat類，這個類非常重要，通過它可以指定單元格的各種屬性，後面的單元格格式化中會有更多描述。
III.處使用了Label類的構造子，指定了字串被賦予那種格式。在WritableCellFormat類中，還有一個很重要的方法是指定數據的對齊方式，比如針對我們上面的實例，可以指定：
//把水平對齊方式指定爲居中
format1.setAlignment(jxl.format.Alignment.CENTRE);
//把垂直對齊方式指定爲居中
format1.setVerticalAlignment(jxl.format.VerticalAlignment.CENTRE);
//設置自動換行
format1.setWrap(true);

二、單元格操作
Excel中很重要的一部分是對單元格的操作，比如行高、列寬、單元格合併等，所幸jExcelAPI提供了這些支持。這些操作相對比較簡單，下面只介紹一下相關的API。
1、合併單元格
WritableSheet.mergeCells(int m,int n,int p,int q);
作用是從(m,n)到(p,q)的單元格全部合併，比如：
WritableSheet sheet=book.createSheet(“第一頁”,0);
//合併第一列第一行到第六列第一行的所有單元格
sheet.mergeCells(0,0,5,0);
合併既可以是橫向的，也可以是縱向的。合併後的單元格不能再次進行合併，否則會觸發異常。
2、行高和列寬
WritableSheet.setRowView(int i,int height);
作用是指定第i+1行的高度，比如：
//將第一行的高度設爲200
sheet.setRowView(0,200);
WritableSheet.setColumnView(int i,int width);
作用是指定第i+1列的寬度，比如：
//將第一列的寬度設爲30
sheet.setColumnView(0,30);
三、操作圖片

Java代碼

public static void write()throws Exception{
WritableWorkbook wwb=Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("c:/1.xls"));
WritableSheet ws=wwb.createSheet("Test Sheet 1",0);
File file=new File("C:\\jbproject\\PVS\\WebRoot\\weekhit\\1109496996281.png");
WritableImage image=new WritableImage(1, 4, 6, 18,file);
ws.addImage(image);
wwb.write();
wwb.close();
}

Java代碼

public static void write()throws Exception{
WritableWorkbook wwb=Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("c:/1.xls"));
WritableSheet ws=wwb.createSheet("Test Sheet 1",0);
File file=new File("C:\\jbproject\\PVS\\WebRoot\\weekhit\\1109496996281.png");
WritableImage image=new WritableImage(1, 4, 6, 18,file);
ws.addImage(image);
wwb.write();
wwb.close();
}

public static void write()throws Exception{
        WritableWorkbook wwb=Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("c:/1.xls"));
        WritableSheet ws=wwb.createSheet("Test Sheet 1",0);
        File file=new File("C:\\jbproject\\PVS\\WebRoot\\weekhit\\1109496996281.png");
        WritableImage image=new WritableImage(1, 4, 6, 18,file);
        ws.addImage(image);
        wwb.write();
        wwb.close();
    }

很簡單和插入單元格的方式一樣，不過就是參數多了些，WritableImage這個類繼承了Draw，上面只是他構造方法的一種，最後一個參數不用了說了，前面四個參數的類型都是double，依次是 x, y, width, height,注意，這裏的寬和高可不是圖片的寬和高，而是圖片所要佔的單位格的個數，因爲繼承的Draw所以他的類型必須是double，具體裏面怎麼實現的我還沒細看：）因爲着急趕活，先完成功能，其他的以後有時間慢慢研究。以後會繼續寫出在使用中的心得給大家。

讀:
讀的時候是這樣的一個思路,先用一個輸入流(InputStream)得到Excel文件,然後用jxl中的Workbook得到工作薄,用Sheet從工作薄中得到工作表,用Cell得到工作表中得某個單元格.
InputStream->Workbook->Sheet->Cell,就得到了excel文件中的單元格

Java代碼

String path="c:\\excel.xls";//Excel文件URL
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(path);//寫入到FileInputStream
jxl.Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(is); //得到工作薄
jxl.Sheet st = wb.getSheet(0);//得到工作薄中的第一個工作表
Cell cell=st.getCell(0,0);//得到工作表的第一個單元格,即A1
String content=cell.getContents();//getContents()將Cell中的字符轉爲字符串
wb.close();//關閉工作薄
is.close();//關閉輸入流

Java代碼

String path="c:\\excel.xls";//Excel文件URL
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(path);//寫入到FileInputStream
jxl.Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(is); //得到工作薄
jxl.Sheet st = wb.getSheet(0);//得到工作薄中的第一個工作表
Cell cell=st.getCell(0,0);//得到工作表的第一個單元格,即A1
String content=cell.getContents();//getContents()將Cell中的字符轉爲字符串
wb.close();//關閉工作薄
is.close();//關閉輸入流

String path="c:\\excel.xls";//Excel文件URL
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(path);//寫入到FileInputStream
jxl.Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(is); //得到工作薄 
jxl.Sheet st = wb.getSheet(0);//得到工作薄中的第一個工作表
Cell cell=st.getCell(0,0);//得到工作表的第一個單元格,即A1
String content=cell.getContents();//getContents()將Cell中的字符轉爲字符串
wb.close();//關閉工作薄
is.close();//關閉輸入流

我們可以通過Sheet的getCell(x,y)方法得到任意一個單元格,x,y和excel中的座標對應.
例如A1對應(0,0),A2對應(0,1),D3對應(3,2).Excel中座標從A,1開始,jxl中全部是從0開始.
還可以通過Sheet的getRows(),getColumns()方法得到行數列數,並用於循環控制,輸出一個sheet中的所有內容.

寫:
往Excel中寫入內容主要是用jxl.write包中的類.
思路是這樣的:
OutputStream<-WritableWorkbook<-WritableSheet<-Label
這裏面Label代表的是寫入Sheet的Cell位置及內容.

Java代碼

OutputStream os=new FileOutputStream("c:\\test.xls");//輸出的Excel文件URL
WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(os);//創建可寫工作薄
WritableSheet ws = wwb.createSheet("sheet1", 0);//創建可寫工作表
Label labelCF=new Label(0, 0, "hello");//創建寫入位置和內容
ws.addCell(labelCF);//將Label寫入sheet中
Label的構造函數Label(int x, int y,String aString)xy意同讀的時候的xy,aString是寫入的內容.
WritableFont wf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.TIMES, 12, WritableFont.BOLD, false);//設置寫入字體
WritableCellFormat wcfF = new WritableCellFormat(wf);//設置CellFormat
Label labelCF=new Label(0, 0, "hello");//創建寫入位置,內容和格式
Label的另一構造函數Label(int c, int r, String cont, CellFormat st)可以對寫入內容進行格式化,設置字體及其它的屬性.
現在可以寫了
wwb.write();
寫完後關閉
wwb.close();
輸出流也關閉吧
os.close;

Java代碼

OutputStream os=new FileOutputStream("c:\\test.xls");//輸出的Excel文件URL
WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(os);//創建可寫工作薄
WritableSheet ws = wwb.createSheet("sheet1", 0);//創建可寫工作表
Label labelCF=new Label(0, 0, "hello");//創建寫入位置和內容
ws.addCell(labelCF);//將Label寫入sheet中
Label的構造函數Label(int x, int y,String aString)xy意同讀的時候的xy,aString是寫入的內容.
WritableFont wf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.TIMES, 12, WritableFont.BOLD, false);//設置寫入字體
WritableCellFormat wcfF = new WritableCellFormat(wf);//設置CellFormat
Label labelCF=new Label(0, 0, "hello");//創建寫入位置,內容和格式
Label的另一構造函數Label(int c, int r, String cont, CellFormat st)可以對寫入內容進行格式化,設置字體及其它的屬性.
現在可以寫了
wwb.write();
寫完後關閉
wwb.close();
輸出流也關閉吧
os.close;

OutputStream os=new FileOutputStream("c:\\test.xls");//輸出的Excel文件URL
WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(os);//創建可寫工作薄
WritableSheet ws = wwb.createSheet("sheet1", 0);//創建可寫工作表
Label labelCF=new Label(0, 0, "hello");//創建寫入位置和內容
ws.addCell(labelCF);//將Label寫入sheet中
Label的構造函數Label(int x, int y,String aString)xy意同讀的時候的xy,aString是寫入的內容.
WritableFont wf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.TIMES, 12, WritableFont.BOLD, false);//設置寫入字體
WritableCellFormat wcfF = new WritableCellFormat(wf);//設置CellFormat
Label labelCF=new Label(0, 0, "hello");//創建寫入位置,內容和格式
Label的另一構造函數Label(int c, int r, String cont, CellFormat st)可以對寫入內容進行格式化,設置字體及其它的屬性.
現在可以寫了
wwb.write();
寫完後關閉
wwb.close();
輸出流也關閉吧
os.close;

OK,只要把讀和寫結合起來,就可以在N個Excel中讀取數據寫入你希望的Excel新表中,還是比較方便的.

下面是程序一例:

Java代碼

sql = "select * from tablename";
rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//新建Excel文件
String filePath=request.getRealPath("aaa.xls");
File myFilePath=new File(filePath);
if(!myFilePath.exists())
myFilePath.createNewFile();
FileWriter resultFile=new FileWriter(myFilePath);
PrintWriter myFile=new PrintWriter(resultFile);
resultFile.close();
//用JXL向新建的文件中添加內容
OutputStream outf = new FileOutputStream(filePath);
jxl.write.WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(outf);
jxl.write.WritableSheet ws = wwb.createSheet("sheettest", 0);
int i=0;
int j=0;
for (int k = 0; k < rs.getMetaData().getColumnCount(); k++) {
ws.addCell(new Label(k,0,rs.getMetaData().getColumnName(k+1)));
}
while(rs.next()){
out.println(rs.getMetaData().getColumnCount());
for (int k = 0; k < rs.getMetaData().getColumnCount(); k++) {
ws.addCell(new Label(k,j+i+1,rs.getString(k+1)));
}
i++;
}
wwb.write();
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finally{
rs.close();
conn.close();
}
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