關於RMAN 複製的理論知識，參考我的Blog：
RMAN 複製目標數據庫的理論知識
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/07/19/5746812.aspx
實驗平臺： redhat + oracle 10g
源庫的相關信息：
ORACLE_BASE: /u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID：ORCL
複製的數據庫實例名假設爲： DAVE
步驟如下：
（1）構建輔助數據庫目錄結構
（2）修改init.ora 初始話文件
（3）創建輔助實例口令文件
（4）RMAN 備份源庫
（5）配置監聽
（6）啓動輔助庫至nomount 狀態
（7）RMAN duplicate複製實例
（8）創建spfile
一．構建輔助數據庫目錄結構
1.1 Oracle data 目錄
[oracle@db1 oradata]$ ls
orcl
[oracle@db1 oradata]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata
[oracle@db1 oradata]$ mkdir DAVE
[oracle@db1 oradata]$ ls
DAVE orcl
1.2 其他目錄
[oracle@db1 admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/admin
[oracle@db1 admin]$ mkdir DAVE
[oracle@db1 admin]$ ls
DAVE orcl
[oracle@db1 admin]$ cd orcl
[oracle@db1 orcl]$ ls
adump bdump cdump dpdump pfile udump
[oracle@db1 DAVE]$ cd ..
[oracle@db1 admin]$ cd DAVE
[oracle@db1 DAVE]$ mkdir bdump
[oracle@db1 DAVE]$ mkdir cdump
[oracle@db1 DAVE]$ mkdir pfile
[oracle@db1 DAVE]$ mkdir udump
[oracle@db1 DAVE]$ ls
adump bdump cdump dpdump pfile udump
二．修改init.ora初始化文件
2.1 生成源庫的pfile 文件，默認生成位置在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目錄下：
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
File created.
2.2 進入$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目錄，將init 文件copy並重命名爲initDAVE.ora.這個命名格式必須和實例名相同，不然數據庫不能識別。
[oracle@db1 DAVE]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@db1 dbs]$ ls
hc_orcl.dat init.ora lkORCL snapcf_orcl.f
initdw.ora initorcl.ora orapworcl spfileorcl.ora
[oracle@db1 dbs]$ cp initorcl.ora initDAVE.ora
[oracle@db1 dbs]$ ls
hc_orcl.dat initdw.ora initorcl.ora orapworcl spfileorcl.ora
initDAVE.ora init.ora lkORCL snapcf_orcl.f
2.3 修改initDAVE.ora 文件，將orcl 改成DAVE
[oracle@db1 dbs]$ more initDAVE.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=171966464
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__shared_pool_size=58720256
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/DAVE/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/DAVE/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_file_record_keep_time=14
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/control02.ctl'
,'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/DAVE/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='DAVE'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archivelog'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=81788928
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=246415360
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/DAVE/udump'
db_file_name_convert = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE')
log_file_name_convert = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE')
其中紅色部分就是修改的部分. Db_file_name_convert和log_file_name_convert兩個參數是我們添加的，用來轉換數據文件位置和redo log位置。 在複製完成後，可以刪除這2個參數。
三．創建DAVE實例的口令文件
[oracle@db1 dbs]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
[oracle@db1 bin]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwDAVE password=admin
[oracle@db1 bin]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@db1 dbs]$ ls
hc_orcl.dat initdw.ora initorcl.ora orapwDAVE snapcf_orcl.f
initDAVE.ora init.ora lkORCL orapworcl spfileorcl.ora
windows下oracle默認的位置是$ORACLE_HOME/database目錄，文件名格式是pwdSID.ora。
linux下oracle默認的位置是$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目錄，文件名格式是orapwSID。
創建完後，數據庫需要重啓動，新的口令文件才能生效。
關於口令文件創建，詳細內容參考blog：
Oracle OS認證 口令文件 密碼丟失處理
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2009/10/20/4698293.aspx
四．RMAN 備份源庫（orcl）
[oracle@db1 u02]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Jul 18 10:57:53 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1248423599)
RMAN>RUN {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
BACKUP FORMAT '/u02/backup/orcl_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 DATABASE TAG orcl_hot_db_bk;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
BACKUP FORMAT '/u02/backup/arch_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;
backup current controlfile tag='bak_ctlfile' format='/u02/backup/ctl_file_%U_%T';
backup spfile tag='spfile' format='/u02/backup/ORCL_spfile_%U_%T';
release channel c2;
release channel c1;
}
備份腳本，具體參考：
Linux 平臺下 RMAN 全備 和 增量備份 shell 腳本
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/07/16/5740630.aspx
五．添加，配置監聽
5.1 修改listener.ora 文件，添加如下內容
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = DAVE)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = DAVE)
)
)
5.2 修改tnsnames.ora 文件，添加如下內容
DAVE=
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db1)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = DAVE)
)
)
建議使用net manager 工具從界面來修改，這樣不容易出錯
Oracle 數據庫監聽配置
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2009/11/25/4861572.aspx
Oracle Listener 動態註冊 與 靜態註冊
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/04/30/5543166.aspx
六．啓動輔助庫到nomount狀態
[oracle@db1 admin]$ export ORACLE_SID=DAVE
[oracle@db1 admin]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Jul 18 11:17:01 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount pfile=?/dbs/initDAVE.ora -- 注意要指定pfile
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 247463936 bytes
Fixed Size 1218748 bytes
Variable Size 79693636 bytes
Database Buffers 159383552 bytes
Redo Buffers 7168000 bytes
SQL>
七．RMAN 連接到目標實例和輔助實例，運行duplicate 命令複製數據庫
[oracle@db1 u02]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl
[oracle@db1 u02]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Jul 18 11:41:01 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1248423599)
RMAN> connect auxiliary sys/admin@DAVE;
connected to auxiliary database: DAVE (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database to DAVE;
Starting Duplicate Db at 18-JUL-10
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog -- 用的是原來的控制文件
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn 697286;
set newname for datafile 1 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/system01.dbf"; -- 轉換文件位置
set newname for datafile 2 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/users01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 5 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/example01.dbf";
restore
check readonly
clone database ;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 18-JUL-10
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore -- 開始restore 數據文件
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/undotbs01.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/example01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/backup/orcl_39lj3bmt_1_1_20100718
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u02/backup/orcl_39lj3bmt_1_1_20100718 tag=ORCL_HOT_DB_BK
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:47
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/system01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/users01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/backup/orcl_38lj3bmt_1_1_20100718
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u02/backup/orcl_38lj3bmt_1_1_20100718 tag=ORCL_HOT_DB_BK
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
Finished restore at 18-JUL-10
sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "DAVE" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
-- 創建源庫的控制文件，然後用這個控制文件進行恢復
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/redo01.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE,
GROUP 2 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/redo02.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE,
GROUP 3 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/redo03.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/system01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1
contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
released channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=1 stamp=724679047 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=2 stamp=724679047 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=3 stamp=724679047 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=4 stamp=724679047 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/example01.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn 697286;
recover
clone database
delete archivelog
;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting recover at 18-JUL-10 -- 開始recover 恢復數據
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK
starting media recovery
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination
-- 先將歸檔日誌還原到指定的歸檔目錄： log_archive_dest 參數指定
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=41
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/backup/arch_3dlj3bro_1_1_20100718
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u02/backup/arch_3dlj3bro_1_1_20100718 tag=TAG20100718T110111
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=40
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/backup/arch_3clj3bro_1_1_20100718
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u02/backup/arch_3clj3bro_1_1_20100718 tag=TAG20100718T110111
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archive log filename=/u01/archivelog/1_40_720642866.dbf thread=1 sequence=40
channel clone_default: deleting archive log(s)
archive log filename=/u01/archivelog/1_40_720642866.dbf recid=2 stamp=724679053
archive log filename=/u01/archivelog/1_41_720642866.dbf thread=1 sequence=41
channel clone_default: deleting archive log(s)
archive log filename=/u01/archivelog/1_41_720642866.dbf recid=1 stamp=724679052
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
Finished recover at 18-JUL-10
contents of Memory Script:
{
shutdown clone;
startup clone nomount ;
-- 這裏要注意的一個地方，在這一步的時候，輔助實例不能有任何session打開，即不能有有任何連接連接到DAVE上，不然它會一直那個session 退出後才能執行
}
executing Memory Script
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 247463936 bytes
Fixed Size 1218748 bytes
Variable Size 79693636 bytes
Database Buffers 159383552 bytes
Redo Buffers 7168000 bytes
sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "DAVE" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
--複製已經完成，創建新的控制文件（DAVE的控制文件），可以參考理論知識的連接
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/redo01.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE,
GROUP 2 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/redo02.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE,
GROUP 3 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/redo03.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/system01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/temp01.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
catalog clone datafilecopy "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/undotbs01.dbf";
catalog clone datafilecopy "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/sysaux01.dbf";
catalog clone datafilecopy "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/users01.dbf";
catalog clone datafilecopy "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/example01.dbf";
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed temporary file 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/temp01.dbf in control file
cataloged datafile copy datafile copy filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/undotbs01.dbf recid=1 stamp=724679599
cataloged datafile copy datafile copy filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/sysaux01.dbf recid=2 stamp=724679599
cataloged datafile copy datafile copy filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/users01.dbf recid=3 stamp=724679599
cataloged datafile copy datafile copy filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/example01.dbf recid=4 stamp=724679599
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=1 stamp=724679599 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=2 stamp=724679599 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=3 stamp=724679599 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=4 stamp=724679599 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE/example01.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
Alter clone database open resetlogs;
}
executing Memory Script
database opened
Finished Duplicate Db at 18-JUL-10
八．修改輔助庫的pfile，在創建spfile
8.1刪除下面2句：
db_file_name_convert = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE')
log_file_name_convert = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DAVE')
8.2 創建spfile
[oracle@db1 dbs]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Jul 18 12:11:28 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn sys/admin@DAVE as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initDAVE.ora';
File created.
九．如果使用磁帶備份
完成了上面的8步，RMAN的同機複製就已經完成了。 如果要在相同的服務器上覆制磁帶備份，只需要在最後運行duplicate命令前插入一個額外的步驟即可。 該步驟配置輔助通道，使之與執行備份的通道類型。
9.1 先在源庫上執行show channel命令，查看通道信息
9.2 然後在創建相應的configure命令來匹配輔助的通道