局域网内IP地址的检测与分配

每年当实验室进来师弟师妹后，由于师弟师门刚开始不熟悉实验室的情况，进行IP地址设置时都会动态获取IP地址，这时有可能就将实验室博士GG使用多年的IP地址给抢走了，弄得博士GG甚是不爽，经过一番说明之后，师弟师妹们也开始指定自己的IP地址，可是指定多少能不抢别人的呢？这也很头痛，当然我也很头疼，因为实验室的很多杂事都是我负责。每次在实验室群里面让大家贴出自己的IP地址时，总不可能保证所有人都贴，今天看书，突然就受到了启发。方法如下：

首先保证实验室所有的电脑和服务器都处于开启状态（并且IP地址都是使用的指定IP），然后编写如下的shell程序：

#!/bin/bash
# program
#       Use ping command to check the network's PC state
# History
# 2013/09/25 Hs
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games
export PATH
network="192.168.0"
for sitenu in $(seq 1 255)
do
        ping -c 1 -w 1 ${network}.${sitenu} &> /dev/null && result=0 || result=1

        if [ "$result" == 0 ]; then
                echo "Server ${network}.${sitenu} is UP."
        else
                echo "Server ${network}.${sitenu} is DOWN."
        fi
done

就能知道哪些IP地址已经被分配出去了，哪些没有被使用，然后就可以从容的给师弟师妹们分配IP地址了，结果如下：

Server 192.168.0.1 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.2 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.3 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.4 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.5 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.6 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.7 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.8 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.9 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.10 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.11 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.12 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.13 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.14 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.15 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.16 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.17 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.18 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.19 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.20 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.21 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.22 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.23 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.24 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.25 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.26 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.27 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.28 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.29 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.30 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.31 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.32 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.33 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.34 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.35 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.36 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.37 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.38 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.39 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.40 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.41 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.42 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.43 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.44 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.45 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.46 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.47 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.48 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.49 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.50 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.51 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.52 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.53 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.54 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.55 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.56 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.57 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.58 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.59 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.60 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.61 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.62 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.63 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.64 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.65 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.66 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.67 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.68 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.69 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.70 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.71 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.72 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.73 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.74 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.75 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.76 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.77 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.78 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.79 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.80 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.81 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.82 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.83 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.84 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.85 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.86 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.87 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.88 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.89 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.90 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.91 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.92 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.93 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.94 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.95 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.96 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.97 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.98 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.99 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.100 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.101 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.102 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.103 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.104 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.105 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.106 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.107 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.108 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.109 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.110 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.111 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.112 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.113 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.114 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.115 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.116 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.117 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.118 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.119 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.120 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.121 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.122 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.123 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.124 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.125 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.126 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.127 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.128 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.129 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.130 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.131 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.132 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.133 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.134 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.135 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.136 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.137 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.138 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.139 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.140 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.141 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.142 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.143 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.144 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.145 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.146 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.147 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.148 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.149 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.150 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.151 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.152 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.153 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.154 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.155 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.156 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.157 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.158 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.159 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.160 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.161 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.162 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.163 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.164 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.165 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.166 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.167 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.168 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.169 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.170 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.171 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.172 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.173 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.174 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.175 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.176 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.177 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.178 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.179 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.180 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.181 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.182 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.183 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.184 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.185 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.186 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.187 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.188 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.189 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.190 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.191 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.192 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.193 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.194 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.195 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.196 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.197 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.198 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.199 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.200 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.201 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.202 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.203 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.204 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.205 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.206 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.207 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.208 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.209 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.210 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.211 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.212 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.213 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.214 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.215 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.216 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.217 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.218 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.219 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.220 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.221 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.222 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.223 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.224 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.225 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.226 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.227 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.228 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.229 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.230 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.231 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.232 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.233 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.234 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.235 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.236 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.237 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.238 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.239 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.240 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.241 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.242 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.243 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.244 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.245 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.246 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.247 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.248 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.249 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.250 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.251 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.252 is UP.
Server 192.168.0.253 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.254 is DOWN.
Server 192.168.0.255 is DOWN.